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Disaster management in India and its challenges

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Disaster management in India is led by state governments but coordinated nationally. The document discusses India's high exposure and mortality from natural hazards like flooding, earthquakes, and cyclones. It outlines India's national and state-level disaster response mechanisms and policies, which focus on relief but also preparedness through early warning systems, contingency planning, and infrastructure projects to reduce vulnerability. However, more work is needed to strengthen long-term recovery and adaptive capacity against climate change impacts.

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Disaster management in India
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 2 Why? Climate change is likely to be perceived through experience of extreme weather events Therefore, response to climate change will perhaps happen through adaptation to climate hazards Important to characterize the institutional mechanisms and structures in place for responding to natural (and climate- related) disasters
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 3 Mortality due to natural hazards 1990 - 2000
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 4 Average annual impacts from natural hazards Mortality: 3600 Crop area: 1.42 million hectares Property (houses): 2.36 million dwellings
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 5 Exposure to natural hazards 40 million hectares flood prone (5% of area) 54% area exposed to seismic activity East coast of India and Gujarat (West coast) exposed to cyclone risk A preliminary assessment of exposure to major hazard categories has been done in 1996-1998 (as a part of IDNDR) by the Building Materials Technology Promotion Council of the Ministry of Urban Development. Check: http://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm Trying to put this information in a GIS format
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 6
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 7
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 8 Disaster management Climate hazards within overall context of disaster management Statutory responsibility of state governments Central government provides logistic and financial support Elaborate response mechanism at national level State level responses vary National coordinating body: National Disaster Management Cell (NDMC), Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture (http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/)
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 9 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA : NODAL MINISTRIES / DEPARTMENT FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTERS NODAL MINISTRIES Natural Disasters Agriculture Air Accidents Civil Aviation Civil Strife Home Affairs Railway Accidents Railways Chemical Disasters Environment Biological Disasters Health & family Welfare Nuclear Accident Atomic Energy
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 10 National response mechanism
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 11 MANAGEMENT MECHANISM * Integrated Administrative Machinery * National Contingency Action Plan - identify initiatives by various agencies * Department of Agriculture & Cooperation - the Nodal Department * Central Relief Commissioner - Chief Nodal Officer at National level * State/District Contingency Plans and Relief Manuals
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 12 Natural Disaster Response- Government of India National Crisis Management Committee(NCMC) under Cabinet Secretary Crisis Management Group(CMG) under Central Relief Commissioner Group of Ministers, Group of Secretaries and High Level Committees-Need base
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 13 GOI Departments for Disaster Response Armed Forces-Ministry of Defence Central Para Military Forces- Ministry of Home Affairs International Response- Ministry of External Affairs
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 14 GOI Departments for Disaster Response Ministries/Departments: Rural Development, Drinking Water Supply Power, Telecom , Health, Urban Development Food & Public Distribution, Shipping Surface Transport, Railways, Civil Aviation Women & Child Development Water Resources, Animal Husbandry India Meteorological Department(IMD)
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 15 DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY- SALIENT FEATURES * Recognition of linkages between natural disasters and development * Connecting of specific programmes like DPAP, DDP, NWDPRA and Wasteland Development Programme for managing natural disasters * Emphasis on forecasting and warning using advanced technology
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 16 CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEME FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT - SALIENT FEATURES * Human resource Development * Setting up of National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM) * Setting up of Disaster Management Faculties in States * Programmes for Community Participation and Public Awareness * Observing National Disaster Reduction Day * Activities to achieve the goals and objectives of IDNDR/ISDR
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 17 External Assistance -Policy No formal appeal for external assistance made for relief External assistance,if offered as solidarity accepted with gratitude Gujarat earthquake- international response overwhelming Bi-lateral agreements suggested by some countries for emergency response
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 18 DISASTER RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS IN THE STATES STATE CABINET STATES CRISIS MANAGEMENT GROUP: HEADED BY CHIEF SECRETARY. INSTITUTION OF RELIEF COMMISSIONERS IN STATES STATES/DISTRICTS CONTINGENCY PLAN S / RELIEF CODES.
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 19 Example: AP cyclone hazard mitigation project outcomes Hazard mitigation studies (international consultants) IMD early warning capacity through Doppler radar Infrastructure creation and restoration Floods drains & embankments Road restoration Storm shelters Electricity transmission and distribution What about system / process capabilities?
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 20 Observations Recognition of linkage between natural hazards and development Connecting developmental programs (DPAP, NWDB) to disaster management Forecasting and warning (technology use) Contingency planning Foodgrain availability Preparedness Adaptive capacity by creating a management system However, focus still on relief; recovery and adaptive capacity not thought through
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 21 Underlying questions How can we evaluate the portfolio of disaster management projects to: Assess implications of climate change for project benefits? Assess implications of project for reducing vulnerability to climate change? Related question: How can we incrementally adjust project design or implementation to enhance climate change related benefits?

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Disaster management in India and its challenges

  • 2. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 2 Why? Climate change is likely to be perceived through experience of extreme weather events Therefore, response to climate change will perhaps happen through adaptation to climate hazards Important to characterize the institutional mechanisms and structures in place for responding to natural (and climate- related) disasters
  • 3. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 3 Mortality due to natural hazards 1990 - 2000
  • 4. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 4 Average annual impacts from natural hazards Mortality: 3600 Crop area: 1.42 million hectares Property (houses): 2.36 million dwellings
  • 5. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 5 Exposure to natural hazards 40 million hectares flood prone (5% of area) 54% area exposed to seismic activity East coast of India and Gujarat (West coast) exposed to cyclone risk A preliminary assessment of exposure to major hazard categories has been done in 1996-1998 (as a part of IDNDR) by the Building Materials Technology Promotion Council of the Ministry of Urban Development. Check: http://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm Trying to put this information in a GIS format
  • 8. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 8 Disaster management Climate hazards within overall context of disaster management Statutory responsibility of state governments Central government provides logistic and financial support Elaborate response mechanism at national level State level responses vary National coordinating body: National Disaster Management Cell (NDMC), Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture (http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/)
  • 9. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 9 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA : NODAL MINISTRIES / DEPARTMENT FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTERS NODAL MINISTRIES Natural Disasters Agriculture Air Accidents Civil Aviation Civil Strife Home Affairs Railway Accidents Railways Chemical Disasters Environment Biological Disasters Health & family Welfare Nuclear Accident Atomic Energy
  • 10. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 10 National response mechanism
  • 11. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 11 MANAGEMENT MECHANISM * Integrated Administrative Machinery * National Contingency Action Plan - identify initiatives by various agencies * Department of Agriculture & Cooperation - the Nodal Department * Central Relief Commissioner - Chief Nodal Officer at National level * State/District Contingency Plans and Relief Manuals
  • 12. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 12 Natural Disaster Response- Government of India National Crisis Management Committee(NCMC) under Cabinet Secretary Crisis Management Group(CMG) under Central Relief Commissioner Group of Ministers, Group of Secretaries and High Level Committees-Need base
  • 13. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 13 GOI Departments for Disaster Response Armed Forces-Ministry of Defence Central Para Military Forces- Ministry of Home Affairs International Response- Ministry of External Affairs
  • 14. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 14 GOI Departments for Disaster Response Ministries/Departments: Rural Development, Drinking Water Supply Power, Telecom , Health, Urban Development Food & Public Distribution, Shipping Surface Transport, Railways, Civil Aviation Women & Child Development Water Resources, Animal Husbandry India Meteorological Department(IMD)
  • 15. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 15 DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY- SALIENT FEATURES * Recognition of linkages between natural disasters and development * Connecting of specific programmes like DPAP, DDP, NWDPRA and Wasteland Development Programme for managing natural disasters * Emphasis on forecasting and warning using advanced technology
  • 16. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 16 CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEME FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT - SALIENT FEATURES * Human resource Development * Setting up of National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM) * Setting up of Disaster Management Faculties in States * Programmes for Community Participation and Public Awareness * Observing National Disaster Reduction Day * Activities to achieve the goals and objectives of IDNDR/ISDR
  • 17. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 17 External Assistance -Policy No formal appeal for external assistance made for relief External assistance,if offered as solidarity accepted with gratitude Gujarat earthquake- international response overwhelming Bi-lateral agreements suggested by some countries for emergency response
  • 18. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 18 DISASTER RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS IN THE STATES STATE CABINET STATES CRISIS MANAGEMENT GROUP: HEADED BY CHIEF SECRETARY. INSTITUTION OF RELIEF COMMISSIONERS IN STATES STATES/DISTRICTS CONTINGENCY PLAN S / RELIEF CODES.
  • 19. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 19 Example: AP cyclone hazard mitigation project outcomes Hazard mitigation studies (international consultants) IMD early warning capacity through Doppler radar Infrastructure creation and restoration Floods drains & embankments Road restoration Storm shelters Electricity transmission and distribution What about system / process capabilities?
  • 20. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 20 Observations Recognition of linkage between natural hazards and development Connecting developmental programs (DPAP, NWDB) to disaster management Forecasting and warning (technology use) Contingency planning Foodgrain availability Preparedness Adaptive capacity by creating a management system However, focus still on relief; recovery and adaptive capacity not thought through
  • 21. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 21 Underlying questions How can we evaluate the portfolio of disaster management projects to: Assess implications of climate change for project benefits? Assess implications of project for reducing vulnerability to climate change? Related question: How can we incrementally adjust project design or implementation to enhance climate change related benefits?