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Disaster mangement

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deepak patel
deepak patel

This document provides information on disaster management and the role of nurses. It defines disasters and their classification. It describes the epidemiology of disasters including primary and secondary agents, how the host and environment can impact disasters. It discusses the phases of disasters and community reactions. It defines disaster management and nursing. It outlines the principles, goals, health effects and management of mass casualties in disasters. It provides examples of disasters in India like the Kerala floods and Mumbai terrorist attacks.

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PRACTICE TEACHING ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT Presented by- Deepak Patel M.Sc. Nursing
Disaster mangement
Disaster mangement
DEFINITION OF DISASTER A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extra-ordinary response from outside the affected community area.
CLASSIFICATION OF DISATER I. NATURAL DISASTER II. MAN-MADE DISASTER
Disaster mangement
Disaster mangement
Disaster mangement
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTER AGENT Primary agents- falling buildings Heat-cold Wind Rising water Smoke Secondary agents- Bacteria and viruses Vectors and rodents
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTER HOST Age Immunization status Pre-existing health problems Degree of mobility Emotional stability
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTER ENVIRONMENT Physical factors- Availability of food, water and shelter Functioning utilities- electricity, telephone services Chemical factors- Leakage of stored chemicals into air, water, soil, ground water, or food supplies Biological factors- Contaminated water Improper waste disposal Insect and rodent proliferation Improper food storage Social factors- Loss of family members Changes in roles Questioning of religious beliefs Social support
I. PRE-IMPACT PHASE II. IMPACT PHASE III. POST IMPACT PHASE
PHASES OF COMMUNITY REACTION TO A DISASTER 1. Heroic Phase 2. Honeymoon Phase 3. Disillusionment Phase 4. Reconstruction Phase
Disaster mangement
DIMENSIONS OF A DISASTER 1. Predictability 2. Frequency 3. Controllability 4. Time 5. Scope and intensity
DEFINITION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Disaster management is defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all the humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lesson the impact of disaster. -International federation of Red-Cross and Red crescent societies.
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT The eight basic fundamental principles are as follows- 1. Prevent the occurrence of the disaster whenever possible. 2. Minimize the number of causalities if the disaster can not be prevented. 3. Prevent further causalities from occurring after the initial impact of the disaster 4. Rescue the victims.
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT 5. Provide first aid to the injured. 6. Evacuate the injured to medical facilities. 7. Provide definitive medical care. 8. Promote reconstruction of lives.
PURPOSES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT 1. Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. 2. Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences. 3. Capacity building 4. Preparedness to deal with any disaster. 5. Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. 6. Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster 7. Evacuate, rescue and relief 8. Rehabilitation and reconstruction
PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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Disaster mangement
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Disaster mangement
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DEFINITION OF DISASTER NURSING Disaster nursing can be defined as the adaptation of professional nursing knowledge skills and attitude in recognizing and meeting the nursing, health and emotional needs of disaster victims. -
GOALS OF DISASTER NURSING The overall goal of disaster management is to achieve the best possible level of health for the people and the community involved in the disaster. Other goals of disaster nursing are as follows- 1. To meet the immediate basic survival needs of populations affected by disaster. 2. To identify the potential for a secondary disaster. 3. To appraise both risks and resources in the environment.
GOALS OF DISASTER NURSING 4. To correct inequalities in access to health care or appropriate resources. 5. To empower survivors to participate in and advocate for their own health well-being. 6. To respect cultural, lingual and religious diversity in individuals and families and to apply this principle in all health promotion activities. 7. To promote the highrst achievable quality of life for survivors. 8. To educate the community about prevention of disease, promotion of hygiene and sanitation.
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER NURSING 1. Rapid assessment of the situation and of nursing needs. 2. Triage and initiation of life saving measure first. 3. The selected use of essential nursing interventions and the elimination of non- essential nursing activities. 4. Adaptation of necessary nursing skills to disaster and other emergency situation. The nurse must be use imagination and resourcefulness in dealing with a lack of supplies, equipment and personnel.
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER NURSING 5. Evaluation of the environment and the mitigation or removal of any health hazards. 6. Prevention of future injury or illness. 7. Leadership in coordinating patient triage, care and transport during times of crises. 8. The teaching supervision and utilization of auxiliary medical personnel and volunteers. 9. Provision of understanding compassion and emotional support to all victims and their families.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER 1. Disaster may cause premature deaths, illness and injuries in the affected communities, generally exceeding the capacity of the local health care system. 2. Disaster may destroy the local health care Infrastructure which will therefore be unable to respond to the emergency. Disruption of routine health care services and prevention initiatives may lead to long term consequences in health outcomes in terms of increased morbidity and mortality.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER 3. Disaster may create environmental imbalances, increasing the risk of communicable diseases and environmental hazards. 4. Disaster may affect the psychological, emotional and social well-being of the population in the affected community. It may range from fear, anxiety, and depression to widespread panic and terror. 5. Disaster may cause shortage of food and cause severe nutritional deficiency.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER 6. Disaster may cause large population movements (refugees) creating a burden on other health care systems and communities. Displaced populations and their host communities are at increasing risk for communication diseases and the health consequences of crowded living conditions.
Disaster mangement
MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Mass causality management is a multisectorial coordination system based on daily utilized procedures, managed by skilled personnel in order to maximize the use of existing recourses; provide prompt and adapted care to the victims; ensure emergency services and hospital return to routine operations as soon as possible.
MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Objectives- The application of triage and tagging procedures in the management of mass causalities. Understand the priorities in triage and tagging and orders the evacuation.
MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Disaster triage- Triage is the process of prioritizing which patients are to be treated first and is the cornerstone good disaster management in terms of judicious use of resources.
MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Need of Disaster triage- 1. Inadequate resources to meet immediate needs. 2. Infrastructure limitations. 3. Inadequate hazard preparation. 4. Limited transport capabilities. 5. Multiple agencies responding 6. Hospital resources overwhelmed.
MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Aims of Disaster triage- 1. To sort patients based on needs for immediate care. 2. To recognized futility. 3. Medical needs will outstrip the immediately available resources. 4. Additional resources will become available given enough time.
MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Principles of Disaster triage- 1. Every patient should receive and triaged by appropriate skilled health care professionals. 2. Triage is a clinic managerial decision and must involve collaborative planning. 3. The triage process should not cause and delay in the delivery of effective clinical care.
MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Advantages of Disaster triage- 1. Helps to bring order and organization to a chaotic scene. 2. It identifies and provides care to those who are in greatest need. 3. Helps make the difficult decisions easier. 4. Assure that resources are used in the more effective manner. 5. May relieve emotional burden away from those doing triage.
MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Types of Disaster triage- 1. Simple triage 2. Advanced triage
MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Triage system and tagging- 0- The decreased who are beyond help 1- The injured who can be helped by immediate transportation 2- The injured whose transport can be delayed 3- Those with minor injuries who need help less urgently
Role of nurse in various phases of disaster management Mitigation Preparedness Response recovery
Disaster mangement
Disaster mangement
Disaster mangement
Disaster mangement
Disaster mangement
Kerala floods august 2018 Mumbai terrorist attacks 2008
Disaster mangement
Disaster mangement

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Disaster mangement

  • 4. DEFINITION OF DISASTER A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extra-ordinary response from outside the affected community area.
  • 5. CLASSIFICATION OF DISATER I. NATURAL DISASTER II. MAN-MADE DISASTER
  • 9. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTER AGENT Primary agents- falling buildings Heat-cold Wind Rising water Smoke Secondary agents- Bacteria and viruses Vectors and rodents
  • 10. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTER HOST Age Immunization status Pre-existing health problems Degree of mobility Emotional stability
  • 11. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTER ENVIRONMENT Physical factors- Availability of food, water and shelter Functioning utilities- electricity, telephone services Chemical factors- Leakage of stored chemicals into air, water, soil, ground water, or food supplies Biological factors- Contaminated water Improper waste disposal Insect and rodent proliferation Improper food storage Social factors- Loss of family members Changes in roles Questioning of religious beliefs Social support
  • 12. I. PRE-IMPACT PHASE II. IMPACT PHASE III. POST IMPACT PHASE
  • 13. PHASES OF COMMUNITY REACTION TO A DISASTER 1. Heroic Phase 2. Honeymoon Phase 3. Disillusionment Phase 4. Reconstruction Phase
  • 15. DIMENSIONS OF A DISASTER 1. Predictability 2. Frequency 3. Controllability 4. Time 5. Scope and intensity
  • 16. DEFINITION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Disaster management is defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all the humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lesson the impact of disaster. -International federation of Red-Cross and Red crescent societies.
  • 17. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT The eight basic fundamental principles are as follows- 1. Prevent the occurrence of the disaster whenever possible. 2. Minimize the number of causalities if the disaster can not be prevented. 3. Prevent further causalities from occurring after the initial impact of the disaster 4. Rescue the victims.
  • 18. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT 5. Provide first aid to the injured. 6. Evacuate the injured to medical facilities. 7. Provide definitive medical care. 8. Promote reconstruction of lives.
  • 19. PURPOSES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT 1. Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. 2. Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences. 3. Capacity building 4. Preparedness to deal with any disaster. 5. Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. 6. Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster 7. Evacuate, rescue and relief 8. Rehabilitation and reconstruction
  • 35. DEFINITION OF DISASTER NURSING Disaster nursing can be defined as the adaptation of professional nursing knowledge skills and attitude in recognizing and meeting the nursing, health and emotional needs of disaster victims. -
  • 36. GOALS OF DISASTER NURSING The overall goal of disaster management is to achieve the best possible level of health for the people and the community involved in the disaster. Other goals of disaster nursing are as follows- 1. To meet the immediate basic survival needs of populations affected by disaster. 2. To identify the potential for a secondary disaster. 3. To appraise both risks and resources in the environment.
  • 37. GOALS OF DISASTER NURSING 4. To correct inequalities in access to health care or appropriate resources. 5. To empower survivors to participate in and advocate for their own health well-being. 6. To respect cultural, lingual and religious diversity in individuals and families and to apply this principle in all health promotion activities. 7. To promote the highrst achievable quality of life for survivors. 8. To educate the community about prevention of disease, promotion of hygiene and sanitation.
  • 38. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER NURSING 1. Rapid assessment of the situation and of nursing needs. 2. Triage and initiation of life saving measure first. 3. The selected use of essential nursing interventions and the elimination of non- essential nursing activities. 4. Adaptation of necessary nursing skills to disaster and other emergency situation. The nurse must be use imagination and resourcefulness in dealing with a lack of supplies, equipment and personnel.
  • 39. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER NURSING 5. Evaluation of the environment and the mitigation or removal of any health hazards. 6. Prevention of future injury or illness. 7. Leadership in coordinating patient triage, care and transport during times of crises. 8. The teaching supervision and utilization of auxiliary medical personnel and volunteers. 9. Provision of understanding compassion and emotional support to all victims and their families.
  • 40. HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER 1. Disaster may cause premature deaths, illness and injuries in the affected communities, generally exceeding the capacity of the local health care system. 2. Disaster may destroy the local health care Infrastructure which will therefore be unable to respond to the emergency. Disruption of routine health care services and prevention initiatives may lead to long term consequences in health outcomes in terms of increased morbidity and mortality.
  • 41. HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER 3. Disaster may create environmental imbalances, increasing the risk of communicable diseases and environmental hazards. 4. Disaster may affect the psychological, emotional and social well-being of the population in the affected community. It may range from fear, anxiety, and depression to widespread panic and terror. 5. Disaster may cause shortage of food and cause severe nutritional deficiency.
  • 42. HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER 6. Disaster may cause large population movements (refugees) creating a burden on other health care systems and communities. Displaced populations and their host communities are at increasing risk for communication diseases and the health consequences of crowded living conditions.
  • 44. MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Mass causality management is a multisectorial coordination system based on daily utilized procedures, managed by skilled personnel in order to maximize the use of existing recourses; provide prompt and adapted care to the victims; ensure emergency services and hospital return to routine operations as soon as possible.
  • 45. MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Objectives- The application of triage and tagging procedures in the management of mass causalities. Understand the priorities in triage and tagging and orders the evacuation.
  • 46. MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Disaster triage- Triage is the process of prioritizing which patients are to be treated first and is the cornerstone good disaster management in terms of judicious use of resources.
  • 47. MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Need of Disaster triage- 1. Inadequate resources to meet immediate needs. 2. Infrastructure limitations. 3. Inadequate hazard preparation. 4. Limited transport capabilities. 5. Multiple agencies responding 6. Hospital resources overwhelmed.
  • 48. MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Aims of Disaster triage- 1. To sort patients based on needs for immediate care. 2. To recognized futility. 3. Medical needs will outstrip the immediately available resources. 4. Additional resources will become available given enough time.
  • 49. MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Principles of Disaster triage- 1. Every patient should receive and triaged by appropriate skilled health care professionals. 2. Triage is a clinic managerial decision and must involve collaborative planning. 3. The triage process should not cause and delay in the delivery of effective clinical care.
  • 50. MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Advantages of Disaster triage- 1. Helps to bring order and organization to a chaotic scene. 2. It identifies and provides care to those who are in greatest need. 3. Helps make the difficult decisions easier. 4. Assure that resources are used in the more effective manner. 5. May relieve emotional burden away from those doing triage.
  • 51. MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Types of Disaster triage- 1. Simple triage 2. Advanced triage
  • 52. MANAGEMENT OF MASS CASUALITIES Triage system and tagging- 0- The decreased who are beyond help 1- The injured who can be helped by immediate transportation 2- The injured whose transport can be delayed 3- Those with minor injuries who need help less urgently
  • 53. Role of nurse in various phases of disaster management Mitigation Preparedness Response recovery
  • 59. Kerala floods august 2018 Mumbai terrorist attacks 2008