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DISCOMYCETES 
SRIVANI GAYATHRI
Contents 
 Introduction 
 Habitat 
 Classification 
 Apothecium Structure 
 Conclusion 
 Reference
Introduction 
A vast group-2,720 genera and 28,650 species. 
This includes the members with cup-shaped/ 
saucer-shaped, some are club-shaped, 
mushroom-like, sponge-like etc.. 
These produce fructification called 
Apothecium, is the main feature of 
identification. Discomycetes are Ascomycetes with 
apothecium.
Habitat 
Most of the members are saprobes in nature 
but few are parasites, cause serious 
diseases of economic plants. Some are 
coprophillus and also constitute lichens. 
For instance., Sclerotinia fruticola- Brown rot 
in pear 
Quercus -Mycorrhizae 
forming
Classification 
Discomycetes- grossly classified- based on 
the 
presence/ absence of Operculum. 
 Inoperculate 
 Operculate
Ainsworth divided Discomycetes into 6 
orders viz., 
 Pezizales 
 Tuberales 
 Rhytismatales 
 Ostropales 
 Helitiales 
 Cyttariales 
Each order contains some families and few 
genus
Pezizales 
 Largest of operculate Discomycetes usually 
saprobes on soil, dead wood, plant debris/ 
humus 
 Apothecia may be fleshy/ brittle/ leathery 
/ rarely gelatinous 
 The asci are arranged in a distinct 
hymenium with paraphyses 
 Edible- Morchella esculenta
PEZIZA BADIA PEZIZA CEREA
Tuberales 
 Commonly called Truffles 
 Used as food, in liquor making, for scenting 
tobacco, in perfumes etc 
 The ascomata remains closed and are fleshy 
to leathery/ globose with a hymenium 
 Mycorrhizae- Quercus
TUBER RUFUM
Rhytismatales(Phacidiales) 
 Saprobes/ plant 
parasites on leaves and 
wood 
 Produce characteristic 
apothecoid ascocarps 
immersed in a stroma/ 
host tissue 
 Asci are inoperculate 
and apically thick Rhytisma
Ostropales 
 Saprobes / parasites of herbaceous/ woody 
stem 
 Crustose lichen formation 
 Asci- long and cylindrical 
 Young ascal apex, thick, traversed by a pore 
through which ascospores are discharged
Crustose lichen with Apothecia
Helotiales 
 Inoperculate forms 
 Saprobes on soil, dead wood, dung and 
parasites that cause plant diseases 
(Sclerotinia spp.) 
 Ascocarps may be superficial or immersed 
in substratum
Cyttariales 
 Large ascomata-spherical 
to pyriform 
 Asci are operculate 
 Cushion of epiplasm 
remains between 
ascospores 
CYTTARIA ESPINOSAE
Apothecium 
 It is divided into 3 anatomical regions 
- Hymenium 
- Subhymenium 
- Excipulum 
 Hymenium is made of cylindrical/ club-shaped 
asci and paraphyses in a palisade 
layer 
 Subhymenium is a zone of tissue that give 
give rise to asci and paraphyses 
 Excipulum- 2 parts- ectal and medullary
Discomycetes
Stages of Ascospore formation
Conclusion 
The members commonly produce asci within 
apothecium, may be operculate/ 
inoperculate. Morchellaceae under Pezizales 
has the members like mushrooms, which 
resemble the mushrooms.
Reference 
 R.S. MEHROTRA & K.R. ANEJA (2010) 
AN INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY 
Pg no. 363-389 
New Age International (p) Ltd., Publishers 
 JOHN WEBSTER, 1970, 
Introduction to fungi, pg no. 246-272. 
Cambridge university press 
http://www.symbiology.com/pdf/Gargas7 
.pdf
Discomycetes
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Discomycetes

  • 2. Contents Introduction Habitat Classification Apothecium Structure Conclusion Reference
  • 3. Introduction A vast group-2,720 genera and 28,650 species. This includes the members with cup-shaped/ saucer-shaped, some are club-shaped, mushroom-like, sponge-like etc.. These produce fructification called Apothecium, is the main feature of identification. Discomycetes are Ascomycetes with apothecium.
  • 4. Habitat Most of the members are saprobes in nature but few are parasites, cause serious diseases of economic plants. Some are coprophillus and also constitute lichens. For instance., Sclerotinia fruticola- Brown rot in pear Quercus -Mycorrhizae forming
  • 5. Classification Discomycetes- grossly classified- based on the presence/ absence of Operculum. Inoperculate Operculate
  • 6. Ainsworth divided Discomycetes into 6 orders viz., Pezizales Tuberales Rhytismatales Ostropales Helitiales Cyttariales Each order contains some families and few genus
  • 7. Pezizales Largest of operculate Discomycetes usually saprobes on soil, dead wood, plant debris/ humus Apothecia may be fleshy/ brittle/ leathery / rarely gelatinous The asci are arranged in a distinct hymenium with paraphyses Edible- Morchella esculenta
  • 9. Tuberales Commonly called Truffles Used as food, in liquor making, for scenting tobacco, in perfumes etc The ascomata remains closed and are fleshy to leathery/ globose with a hymenium Mycorrhizae- Quercus
  • 11. Rhytismatales(Phacidiales) Saprobes/ plant parasites on leaves and wood Produce characteristic apothecoid ascocarps immersed in a stroma/ host tissue Asci are inoperculate and apically thick Rhytisma
  • 12. Ostropales Saprobes / parasites of herbaceous/ woody stem Crustose lichen formation Asci- long and cylindrical Young ascal apex, thick, traversed by a pore through which ascospores are discharged
  • 13. Crustose lichen with Apothecia
  • 14. Helotiales Inoperculate forms Saprobes on soil, dead wood, dung and parasites that cause plant diseases (Sclerotinia spp.) Ascocarps may be superficial or immersed in substratum
  • 15. Cyttariales Large ascomata-spherical to pyriform Asci are operculate Cushion of epiplasm remains between ascospores CYTTARIA ESPINOSAE
  • 16. Apothecium It is divided into 3 anatomical regions - Hymenium - Subhymenium - Excipulum Hymenium is made of cylindrical/ club-shaped asci and paraphyses in a palisade layer Subhymenium is a zone of tissue that give give rise to asci and paraphyses Excipulum- 2 parts- ectal and medullary
  • 18. Stages of Ascospore formation
  • 19. Conclusion The members commonly produce asci within apothecium, may be operculate/ inoperculate. Morchellaceae under Pezizales has the members like mushrooms, which resemble the mushrooms.
  • 20. Reference R.S. MEHROTRA & K.R. ANEJA (2010) AN INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY Pg no. 363-389 New Age International (p) Ltd., Publishers JOHN WEBSTER, 1970, Introduction to fungi, pg no. 246-272. Cambridge university press http://www.symbiology.com/pdf/Gargas7 .pdf