Discussion.pptx
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This document provides guidance on writing the discussion section of a research article. The discussion section analyzes the meaning and importance of results, relating them to the literature review and research questions. It should include interpretation of results, implications, limitations, and recommendations. When interpreting results, the author should identify patterns in the data, compare findings to hypotheses and previous research, and explain unexpected results. The discussion should also discuss implications for theory and practice, acknowledge limitations, and make recommendations for further research based on results. The author is advised to summarize key findings, interpret results in light of other research without exaggerating claims, and avoid introducing new results or undermining their own research.
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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Section A (20 Marks)
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Latest Exam Pattern | 2025 Preparation Guide
Time Management Tips Included!
This video is perfect for students preparing for HSSC-1 Ophthalmic Technology exams under the Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE).
Dont forget to like, share, and subscribe for more solved papers and exam tips!
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Discussion.pptx
- 1. Discussion section.. How to write?? By Dr. Amr Mounir Assistant professor of Ophthalmology, Sohag University
- 2. Background An article is potentially the most efficient means for disseminating your research and establishing a publication record.
- 3. Background The content and structure of your article is determined by the topic you select and the potential reading audience. Your article will add to the academic course in a particular field.
- 4. Research article include (1) Abstract (2) Introduction (3) Methods (4) Results / Results and Discussion (5) Discussion / Conclusion (6) Literature Cited
- 5. Discussion
- 6. Definition (In general) Discussion Consideration of a question in open and usually informal debate A formal treatment of a topic in speech or writing
- 7. It is difficult part to write of the research article
- 8. Discussion in a scientific article The discussion section is where you can analyze the meaning, importance and relevance of your results. It should focus on explaining and evaluating what you found. It shows how it relates to your literature review and research questions.
- 9. Discussion should be directed to one aim Analysis of your research results
- 10. Parts of Discussion Discussion Interpretation Implications Limitations Recommendations
- 11. Interpretation Identifying correlations, patterns and relationships among the data Discussing whether the results met your expectations or supported your hypotheses Compare your findings with previous researches Explaine unexpected results and evaluating their significance Considering possible alternative explanations and making an argument for your position
- 12. Examples for interpretation: - In line with the hypothesis - Contrary to the hypothesized association -The results contradict the claims of Smith (2007) that -The results might suggest that X. However, based on the findings of similar studies, a more plausible explanation isY.
- 13. Implications The discussion should show how your findings fit with existing knowledge, what new results they contribute, and what consequences they have for theory or practice.
- 14. Examples for implications: These results build on existing evidence of The results do not fit with the theory that The experiment provides a new insight into the relationship between These results should be taken into account when considering how to The data contributes a clearer understanding of-
- 15. Limitations Even the best research has some limitations and acknowledging these is important to demonstrate your credibility. Limitations arent about listing your errors, but about providing an accurate picture of what can and cannot be concluded from your study.
- 16. Examples for limitations: The usefulness of the results is limited by The reliability of this data is impacted by Due to the lack of data on X, the results cannot confirm The methodological choices were limited by It is beyond the scope of this study to
- 17. State your recommendations Based on the discussion of your results, you can make recommendations for practical implementation or further research. Sometimes the recommendations are saved for the conclusion. Examples: Further research is needed to establish Future studies should consider
- 18. The intro of discussion..
- 19. Summarize your key findings - Start this chapter by mentioning your research problem and concisely summarizing your major findings. - Dont just repeat all the data you have already reported. - Aim for a clear statement of the overall result that directly answers your main research question. Examples The results indicate that The study demonstrates a correlation between This analysis supports the theory that The data suggests that
- 20. Discussion What is new without exaggerating. Conclusion/summary, perspectives, implications. Research limitations and need for future research. Theoretical implications and possible practical applications.
- 21. Interpret your results in light of other published results
- 22. How to Cite Sources in the Discussion Section It is important to cite sources in the discussion section of your paper as evidence of the claims you are making. There are ways of citing sources in the text so that the reader can find the full reference in the literature cited section at the end of the paper, yet the flow of the reading is not badly interrupted.
- 23. Mistakes you should avoid.. Dont introduce new results you should only discuss the data that you have already reported in the results chapter. Dont make inflated claims avoid overinterpretation and speculation that isnt supported by your data. Dont undermine your research the discussion of limitations should aim to strengthen your credibility, not emphasize weaknesses or failures.
- 24. Home Messages - The discussion section is where you can analyze the meaning, importance and relevance of your results. - It is difficult part to write of the research article. - It includes interpretation, implications, limitations and recommendations. - Interpret your results in light of other published results. - Dont introduce new results, make inflated claims or undermine your results.
- 25. Thank You Hussein Bicar (1913-2002)