Distal End Radius Fractures - Colles, Smiths & Bartons
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ORTHOPEDICS Definition, Mechanism, Clinal features, Diagnosis and treatment of Colles, Smiths and Bartons Fracture in Distal end Radius.
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monteggia fracture
monteggia fractureGaurav Mehta
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This document discusses Monteggia fractures, which involve a fracture of the ulna bone in the forearm combined with a dislocation of the radial head. It begins with a historical description of the injury and provides details on epidemiology and classifications. Bado's classification system from 1958 divides Monteggia fractures into four main types based on the direction of radial head dislocation and location of the ulna fracture. The document discusses mechanisms of injury, clinical evaluation, radiographic assessment, non-operative and operative management approaches, potential complications, and emphasizes the importance of anatomic reduction and stabilization of both the ulna fracture and radial head dislocation.Shaft of humerus fracture
Shaft of humerus fractureBipulBorthakur
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1) Fractures of the humeral shaft can result from a fall on an outstretched hand or direct blow to the arm.
2) Treatment involves either hanging casts or surgery depending on the severity of the fracture and any complications.
3) Complications can include injury to the radial nerve and non-union of the bone fragments, so careful assessment of nerve function is important both before and after treatment.InterTrochanteric Fractures
InterTrochanteric FracturesKevin Ambadan
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An intertrochanteric fracture occurs between the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur. It commonly results from a fall in elderly osteoporotic patients. While internal fixation is usually required, sliding hip screws are the most widely used implant due to their ability to stabilize both stable and unstable fracture patterns. Complications can include malunion, cut out of fixation screws, and failure of the implant.smith fractures
smith fracturesAlhassan Alsalem
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Smith fractures are fractures of the distal radius where the distal fragment is displaced anteriorly, opposite to a Colles' fracture. They account for less than 3% of radius fractures and occur most commonly in young males and elderly females. Smith fractures can be extra-articular, intra-articular, or a fracture-dislocation. Patients present with wrist injury and a 'garden spade' deformity rather than the 'dinner fork' deformity of a Colles' fracture. X-rays show the distal fragment displaced anteriorly. Treatment involves closed reduction, casting, and possible fixation for unstable fractures.Galeazzi fracture dislocation
Galeazzi fracture dislocationrashree-singh
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Galeazzi fracture-dislocation is a fracture of the distal or middle third of the radius shaft combined with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. It most often occurs in males due to indirect trauma from a fall on an outstretched hand with rotation. Radiographs show the radial fracture and dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Treatment involves open reduction and internal fixation of the radial fracture with a plate while restoring length and stability of the distal radioulnar joint. The forearm is then immobilized in supination for 4-6 weeks to heal.Cubitus varus deformity
Cubitus varus deformityramachandra reddy
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Cubitus varus, or gunstock deformity, is caused by malunion of supracondylar fractures and results in the forearm being deviated inward at the elbow with loss of the carrying angle. It is a triplanar deformity involving varus, hyperextension, and internal rotation. Treatment options include observation for young children, hemiepiphysiodesis to alter growth, and corrective osteotomy. The lateral closing wedge osteotomy is commonly used to safely correct the varus deformity through removal of a lateral wedge. Other techniques include medial opening wedge, oblique, dome, and step-cut osteotomies. Postoperative management focuses on immobilizing the arm in extensionShoulder dislocation
Shoulder dislocationSCGH ED CME
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Shoulder dislocations have been documented as far back as ancient Egypt. The most common type is anterior dislocation, which accounts for 60% of cases. Reduction techniques described include external rotation, scapular manipulation, Milch, Stimson, traction-countertraction, and Spaso. Post-reduction, most patients are immobilized for 3 weeks if under 30 or begin mobilization after 1 week if over 30. Recurrent dislocation is a major complication, seen in 50-90% of patients under 20.Supracondylar Fractures
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An Introduction, Biomechanics, Radiological Diagnosis, Management of Suracondylar Fractures of Children.supracondylar fracture humerus in children
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Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most common elbow injuries in children, making up approximately 60% of cases. They typically occur as a result of a fall onto an outstretched hand in children aged 5-7 years old. Radiographs are used to classify fractures as non-displaced (Type I), displaced with an intact posterior cortex (Type II), or completely displaced (Type III). Posteromedial displacement is more common than posterolateral. Physical examination focuses on evaluating neurovascular status and detecting any S-shaped deformity, with nerve injuries occurring in up to 16% of cases.Elbow dislocations
Elbow dislocationsAjith John
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1. Elbow dislocations are most commonly caused by falls onto an outstretched hand and involve the disruption of the lateral and medial collateral ligaments and elbow capsule.
2. Simple elbow dislocations without fractures are typically treated non-operatively with closed manipulation and immobilization for less than 3 weeks to avoid stiffness.
3. Operative treatment is considered if closed reduction cannot be maintained or for recurrent dislocations and involves repair of the lateral collateral ligaments through bone tunnels or anchors. Fracture shaft of femur
Fracture shaft of femurPrakat Aryal
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The document discusses fracture of the shaft of the femur. It begins by describing the anatomy of the femur bone and its role in weight bearing. It then discusses the clinical presentation, mechanisms, imaging, and management of femoral shaft fractures. Femoral shaft fractures are typically caused by high-energy trauma and present with thigh pain and swelling. Imaging includes x-rays to diagnose the fracture. Management involves resuscitation, splinting, and either non-operative treatment with traction or operative treatment with intramedullary nailing or plating depending on the fracture pattern and patient factors.Ankle fractures
Ankle fracturesDr.Anshu Sharma
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Ankle fractures are common injuries that require careful evaluation to identify bony and soft tissue damage. The ankle is a complex hinge joint supported by ligaments and the tibia, fibula, talus, and deltoid ligament. Classification systems like Lauge-Hansen and Weber are used to characterize fracture patterns and guide management, which may involve closed treatment for stable injuries or surgery to restore ankle anatomy and stability for unstable fractures. Radiographs are important for diagnosis but CT or MRI may be needed to fully evaluate injury extent.Radial nerve palsy
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The document provides information about the radial nerve including its anatomy, course, branches and clinical presentations of radial nerve palsies. It discusses the radial nerve's origin from the brachial plexus and branches in the arm and forearm. Common causes of radial nerve palsy include fractures and entrapment in the radial tunnel. Clinical features, investigations, treatment including splinting and tendon transfers, and postoperative management are outlined. Surgical techniques for nerve repair and reconstructive procedures are also described.Supracondylar fracture of humerus
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This document discusses supracondylar fractures of the humerus, which occur most commonly in children ages 5-10 years old. It describes the anatomy of the elbow joint and mechanisms of injury for supracondylar fractures. The Gartland classification system grades the fractures from non-displaced to severely displaced. Treatment depends on the fracture type, with non-displaced fractures treated conservatively and displaced fractures requiring closed or open reduction with pin fixation. Complications can include vascular injury, nerve injury, compartment syndrome, malunion, and elbow stiffness.Colles' fracture 
Colles' fracture akond1986
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Mahashin akond presented on Colles' fracture, which is a break in the distal part of the radius bone 2.5cm above the articular surface. Colles' fractures most commonly occur in young adults and those over 40 years old from falls or direct blows. Treatment involves reduction, immobilization with a plaster cast or surgery, followed by physiotherapy to regain range of motion, strength, and function. Complications can include malunion, tendon rupture, osteoporosis, and delayed healing, though most fractures heal within 6-8 weeks with proper treatment and rehabilitation.Tuberculosis of hip
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Colles fractureDr.Monica Dhanani
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Colles' fracture is a fracture of the distal radius near the wrist. It often results in dorsal displacement of the distal fragment and occurs most commonly in women over 40 from falls on an outstretched hand. Clinical features include pain, swelling, and the classic "dinner fork deformity". Treatment depends on the degree of displacement, with undisplaced fractures treated conservatively in a cast and displaced fractures requiring manipulative closed reduction and casting or open surgical fixation with plates. Complications can include joint stiffness, malunion, subluxation, and nerve damage if not properly treated.Congenital talipes equinovarus (club foot/ctev) ppt by Dr Pratik
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This document provides an overview of Legg Calve Perthes disease, including its definition, demographics, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, classifications, management, and surgical procedures. Some key points:
- It is avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children, most common in ages 4-8 years. Positive family history and low birth weight are risk factors.
- Clinical features include hip/thigh pain aggravated by movement. Imaging shows stages from avascular necrosis to fragmentation to regeneration/healing.
- Conservative management includes bracing for young/mild cases. Surgical containment is used for more severe/older cases to encourage spherical remodeling.
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This is a short presentation on avascular necrosis of femoral head. This presentation gives brief description of causes of AVN, investigations and modes of treatment options available.
AVN TREATMENT IN HYDERABAD
Core decompression for AVN
Stem cell treatment for AVN
Surgery for AVN
Avascular necrosis treatment options
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Fractures of distal end radius
Fractures of distal end radiusMahak Jain
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This document provides information on fractures of the distal end of the radius bone. It discusses the history, incidence, anatomy, classification, diagnosis, and treatment options for these fractures. Distal radius fractures most commonly result from falls on an outstretched hand and occur in three main age groups. Treatment depends on factors like fracture pattern and stability, and may involve closed reduction with casting or surgical options like percutaneous pinning, plating, or external fixation. The goals of treatment are to restore function, alignment, and stability while avoiding complications.Humeral shaft fractures
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Humeral shaft fractures are fractures of the upper arm bone between the shoulder and elbow. They make up 3-5% of all fractures. Most heal with conservative care like splinting or bracing, though some require surgery. Risk of complications is higher with more displaced or open fractures. Treatment depends on fracture type and stability, with options including splinting, bracing, plating, nailing, or external fixation. Potential complications include nonunion, malunion, nerve injuries, and joint stiffness.Forearm fractures
Forearm fracturesMohamed Fazly
油
The document discusses the anatomy and classification of forearm fractures. It describes the radius and ulna bones of the forearm and their articulations. Forearm fractures can be classified as proximal, middle, or distal, and can affect one or both bones. Common types include radial shaft fractures, Galeazzi fractures, and Monteggia's fractures. Assessment involves neurovascular and range of motion exams. Treatment depends on the fracture type but may include immobilization, closed reduction, open reduction and internal fixation, or external fixation.Patella fracture
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油
This document summarizes information about fractures of the patella. It describes the anatomy of the patella and mechanisms of injury, which can include direct trauma from a fall or indirect trauma from forceful quadriceps contraction. Clinical evaluation involves examining for pain, swelling, abrasions, and limited knee movement. Fractures are classified as undisplaced or displaced. Investigations may include x-rays, CT scans, bone scans, and MRIs. Treatment depends on the type of fracture, and may involve casting, tension band wiring, or patellectomy. Complications can include non-union, avascular necrosis, osteoarthritis, or knee stiffness.Clinical Examination of Hip
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The document provides information on clinical examination of the hip joint. It begins with anatomy of the hip joint and associated muscles and ligaments. It then discusses elements of history taking including pain characteristics. The physical examination section covers inspection of gait, limb posture and length, palpation of bony landmarks and muscles, range of motion testing, and special tests like Trendelenburg test. Measurements of limb length discrepancies both apparent and true are also described.Perthes disease
Perthes diseaseMannan Ahmed
油
This document provides information about Perthes' disease, including:
- It is characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children.
- Risk factors include being male and between ages 5-10 years old.
- Imaging studies like x-rays are used to diagnose and monitor the stages of avascular necrosis, fragmentation, ossification, and remodeling.
- Differential diagnosis depends on whether the condition is unilateral or bilateral.
- Treatment aims to prevent deformity through nonsurgical or surgical methods depending on the severity.Distal end radius, monteggia and galleazi fractures.
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The document provides information about the radial nerve including its anatomy, course, branches and clinical presentations of radial nerve palsies. It discusses the radial nerve's origin from the brachial plexus and branches in the arm and forearm. Common causes of radial nerve palsy include fractures and entrapment in the radial tunnel. Clinical features, investigations, treatment including splinting and tendon transfers, and postoperative management are outlined. Surgical techniques for nerve repair and reconstructive procedures are also described.Supracondylar fracture of humerus
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This document discusses supracondylar fractures of the humerus, which occur most commonly in children ages 5-10 years old. It describes the anatomy of the elbow joint and mechanisms of injury for supracondylar fractures. The Gartland classification system grades the fractures from non-displaced to severely displaced. Treatment depends on the fracture type, with non-displaced fractures treated conservatively and displaced fractures requiring closed or open reduction with pin fixation. Complications can include vascular injury, nerve injury, compartment syndrome, malunion, and elbow stiffness.Colles' fracture
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Mahashin akond presented on Colles' fracture, which is a break in the distal part of the radius bone 2.5cm above the articular surface. Colles' fractures most commonly occur in young adults and those over 40 years old from falls or direct blows. Treatment involves reduction, immobilization with a plaster cast or surgery, followed by physiotherapy to regain range of motion, strength, and function. Complications can include malunion, tendon rupture, osteoporosis, and delayed healing, though most fractures heal within 6-8 weeks with proper treatment and rehabilitation.Tuberculosis of hip
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油
Tuberculosis of the hip is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. It typically affects people aged 20-30 years old. The infection spreads hematogenously from a primary focus and causes destruction of bone and joints over several years. Clinical features include limping, decreased range of motion, and deformities in advanced cases. Imaging shows osteopenia, joint space narrowing, and bone erosion. Treatment involves chemotherapy for at least 6-9 months along with local measures like joint aspiration and traction. Surgery may be needed for debridement, arthrodesis, or arthroplasty in advanced cases.Colles fracture
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油
Colles' fracture is a fracture of the distal radius near the wrist. It often results in dorsal displacement of the distal fragment and occurs most commonly in women over 40 from falls on an outstretched hand. Clinical features include pain, swelling, and the classic "dinner fork deformity". Treatment depends on the degree of displacement, with undisplaced fractures treated conservatively in a cast and displaced fractures requiring manipulative closed reduction and casting or open surgical fixation with plates. Complications can include joint stiffness, malunion, subluxation, and nerve damage if not properly treated.Congenital talipes equinovarus (club foot/ctev) ppt by Dr Pratik
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- It is avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children, most common in ages 4-8 years. Positive family history and low birth weight are risk factors.
- Clinical features include hip/thigh pain aggravated by movement. Imaging shows stages from avascular necrosis to fragmentation to regeneration/healing.
- Conservative management includes bracing for young/mild cases. Surgical containment is used for more severe/older cases to encourage spherical remodeling.
- ProceduresNeck of femur fractures
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This is a short presentation on avascular necrosis of femoral head. This presentation gives brief description of causes of AVN, investigations and modes of treatment options available.
AVN TREATMENT IN HYDERABAD
Core decompression for AVN
Stem cell treatment for AVN
Surgery for AVN
Avascular necrosis treatment options
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Hip surgery in hyderabad
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The document provides information on clinical examination of the hip joint. It begins with anatomy of the hip joint and associated muscles and ligaments. It then discusses elements of history taking including pain characteristics. The physical examination section covers inspection of gait, limb posture and length, palpation of bony landmarks and muscles, range of motion testing, and special tests like Trendelenburg test. Measurements of limb length discrepancies both apparent and true are also described.Perthes disease
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･ Watch Now: https://www.nuaire.com/resources/best-sampling-practices-cleanroom-usp-797
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- 2. Colles Fracture Smiths Fracture Bartons Fracture
- 3. Described by Abraham Colles in 1814. It is the most common of all fractures in elderly. Usually in older women. Fall on a out stretched hand.
- 4. Colles Fracture It is a Transverse fracture of the distal end of the radius at its Cortico-Cancellous Junction with typical Dorsal Displacement of the distal fragment.
- 5. Distal end of the radius articulates with the carpal bones and the ulna Normally the articular surface of radius faces ventrally and medially. Tip of radial styloid is 1cm distal to the tip of the ulnar styloid. Relevant Anatomy
- 6. Mechanism of Action History of fall on an outstretched hand Force is applied in the length of the forearm with the wrist in extension Fracture occurs transversely at the cortico-cancellous junction.
- 7. The distal fragment collapses into- Dorsal Displacement Dorsal Tilt Lateral/Radial Displacement Lateral/ Radial Tilt Supination Impaction of Fragments Also associated with extension and shortening.
- 8. Associated injuries Fracture of styloid process of ulna Rupture of the Ulnar collateral ligament Rupture of the triangular Fibro-cartilage complex (TFCC) of ulna. Rupture of the interosseos, radio-ulnar ligament causing radio-ulnar subluxation.
- 9. Clinical Features Pain, tenderness, swelling and irregularity of the lower end of radius. Dinner Fork Deformity Radial styloid comes at the level of the ulnar styloid.
- 11. Radiological findings Transverse fracture of the distal end radius at cortico- cancellous junction. The distal fragment shows a)Dorsal tilt & displacement Lateral View b)Lateral tilt & Displacement AP View Maybe associated with communition or broken ulnar styloid process.
- 14. Treatment Undisplaced Fractures Immobilization in below elbow plaster cast for 6 week Displaced Fractures Closed Manipulation reduction followed by immobilization in Colles Cast Communited Fractures 1. Transfixed using two K- Wires within the plaster 2. External fixator 3. Locking compression plate
- 15. Closed reduction and manipulation Under general or regional anesthesia. Shaking Hand Position a.Firm longitudinal traction to disimpact. b.Distal fragment into palmar flexion and Ulnar deviation.
- 16. Colles Cast Colles Cast is used to immobilize undisplaced or reduced fracture. It is below elbow cast with a.Palmar Flexion b.Ulnar Deviation a. b.
- 20. Complications Early Circulatory Problems Carpal tunnel syndrome Median Nerve injury Reflex sympathetic dystrophy TFCC injury Subluxation of inferior radio ulnar joint Late Malunion Delayed Union and Non-union Stiffness Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon rupture
- 21. Smiths Fracture Reverse of Colles Fracture Ventral tilt and displacement of the Distal fragment
- 22. Clinical features - Garden Spade Deformity X-Ray Ventral tilt and displacement Treatment- Conservative - closed reduction and proper cast immobilization for 6 weeks. Surgical - K-wire or plate is used.
- 24. Bartons Fracture Intra- Articular fracture of distal radius. Depending upon the type of displacement- a)Volar Bartons (Anterior type) b)Dorsal Bartons (Posterior type)
- 25. Extends from articular surface of the radius to either its anterior and posterior cortices. The small distal fragment is displaced along with the carpals. Treatment a) Closed Reduction and Plaster Cast b) Internal Fixation by Plate or K-wire
- 26. Apleys System of Orthopaedics and Fractures 9th edition Essential Orthopaedics Maheshwari & Mhaskar 5th edition