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DNA method for analysing Web Observatories & Social Machines

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Ian Brown
Ian Brown

Web Observatories are proposed as a way to discover and share data and analytics on the Web. But what exactly are they? How many are already out there and what would need to be done to extend an existing system to become a Web Observatory. This work requires a model from which to analyse and compare system that explicitly called Observatories and also those candidate systems we call Observatory-shaped Objects (OSOs)

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DNA: Towards a method for analysing Social Machines & Web Observatories Ian Brown, Wendy Hall, Lisa Harris Web Science Institute Notes: This work is funded by the EPSRC under SOCIAM: the theory & practice of social machines, the Web Science Institute and the Web Science Trust? I'd like to acknowledge the ideas, feedback and support of my colleagues from SOCIAM, the WSI and the Web Science Trust network of Labs (WSTnet) Notes:
This talk is as much about the problems and challenges that drive the proposed?method as it is about the method? Because (observing) the Web is complex - both social and technical Because observing the Web is not all about Web Science Because a usable method is directly driven by the problems is seeks to address Scope Notes: Overview What is the problem (opportunity)? What can you measure/describe? DNA. So what? How can we remain inclusive whilst contributing greater differentiation??How do we account for different approaches?? Does this say anything about Social Machines more widely? Conclusions & Future Work Notes:
"In attempting to go beyond the notional and yet stop before the normative there is a fluid and and almost fragile space?in which we understand what (the) Web Observatory is, what it could be and what it means to Observe.."? Notes: An Observatory The Observatory A Web Observatory The Web Observatory The Web of Observatories The Web Science Observatory A social machine for observing social machines Data on the Web? Data about the Web? Notes:
Real life is and must be full of ?all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration. Notes: Social machines are Web-based socio-technical systems ?in which the human and technological elements play the role of participant machinery with respect to the mechanistic realisation of system-level processes. Notes:
Consider the raw artefact .. Das Ding an sich ... Notes: Notes:
We need to consider how our perceptions are shaped by roles, frames and experiences when we come to agree on a definition for anything Notes: is modified by the perception of the individual of?some/all part(s) of the artefact Notes:
The n-blind men and the <insert artefact here> Note that these people may argue later about a definition Notes: Brilliant Idea! Jack is the ONLY answer .... obvious really Notes:
Bias Notes: So back to our question - if everyone is potentially holding a different view does it make any sense to define Observatories at all ? I submit that it makes little difference if individual or standalone systems decide to adopt the name or align themselves to a?single definition of an Observatory (WO) or not HOWEVER a Web of Observatories? (a virtual W3O) does? require some common orientation to allow for interoperation. Notes:
Not just the Web but also Web Observatory With thanks to David de Roure Notes: Types of social function Epistemic Object Technical ObjectBoundary Object Notes:
Boundary objects are objects which are both plastic enough to adapt to local needs and constraints of the several parties employing them, yet robust enough to maintain a common identity across sites. They are weakly structured in common use, and become strongly structured in individual-site use. Boundary Objects Notes: " .. initial goal was to analyze the nature of co-operative work in the abscence of consensus" Susan Leigh Star Notes:
What are the axes or perspectives that we can use to? distinguish, group or differentiate systems that are Web Observatories WOs or, at least,? Observatory-Shaped Objects OSOs. > What is a WO?? >> How is WO used? >>> Why is a WO needed? Notes: > What is a WO?? >> How is WO used? >>> Why is a WO needed? Form / Functionality Process / Operations Motivations / Roles Notes:
Definition: A list of features, blocks and boundaries in order to define, what a system comprises, what it can do and where it starts and ends ? Notes: Facets of Functionality Notes:
Enhanced Concept Map Notes: Webscience.me perspective?is?everything?.. Web Observatory Facets Feb 2014 Here is a Concept Map for an Observatory highlighted to show which of the features/concepts have been Notes:
Definition: Knife "an instrument composed of a blade fixed into a handle" Notes: The physical form may be quite similar but the application is? very different in each case .. Notes:
Turns out that? "WHAT is a WO?" is not a very interesting question on its own .. Notes: Nature: Defining what a system actually does in terms of exchanges, meaningful operations and how these are framed Notes:
In addition to a list/taxonomy of features we are going to need a vocabulary of? processes/interactions Notes: Settings Use the form below to customize your map. SIZE COLOR LAYOUT OTHER (/) webscience (/webscience) / e5?social?machine?processes Search e5 Social Machine processes SWITCH MAPS Social machines comprise technical, operational (process) and motivational elements. This maps looks at the wider field of Social Machine processes including the external eco-system factors - the three-phase processing cycle (encounter, enhance and execute) and the possible emergent efeects. This gives us the e5 model. e5 Social Machine Processes Notes:
Webscience.me perspective?is?everything?.. From Search to Observation: an update Notes: Archetypes / Aspirations The individuals/groups who are deriving some benefit?from the the Observatory.? Notes:
Notes: DNA WO Reiss Explore Account Logout Support Download Reiss Motivations Edit Reiss Motivations Behaviours Cognitions Emotions Resources Reiss Motivations Search Notes:
Where does the data for these perspectives come from: Definition - literature survey, specs (Deductive) Nature - literature survey explicit and implied (Inductive) Archetype/Ambitions - Case study, Interviews (Abductive)? Notes: Potential objection from the audience ... "What makes you think that the functionality D is driving the usage N which dictates/shapes how people interact and apply this idea A Doesn't DNA enforce a structure or sequence that may not be there?" Notes:
Choose one (or patterns) as your model/theory suggests Notes: Does this model carry over to Social Machines?? non-Webby social machines Emergent or transient social machines Summary Flexible Method / 3D view Covers major perspectives of social objects (Physical, Application, Semantic/Cognitive)? Has a structure (DNA) but allows NDA, AND etc Notes:
Future Work Future work includes systematic review of WOs in different social spaces (academic, business and community) to? validate that the Ds, Ns and As we have gathered exhaust the space for WO we can observe (so far) PoC work to look at the feasibility of mobilising the process work using ODRL and LSC for policy/permission exchange across WOs Synthesising the A interviews into broader theory of Observation? Notes: "In attempting to go beyond the notional and yet stop before the normative there is a fluid and and almost fragile space?in which we understand what (the) Web Observatory is, what it could be and what it means to Observe.."? Notes:
Failure to define leads to confusion, mis-direction and wasted effort Notes:

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DNA method for analysing Web Observatories & Social Machines

  • 1. DNA: Towards a method for analysing Social Machines & Web Observatories Ian Brown, Wendy Hall, Lisa Harris Web Science Institute Notes: This work is funded by the EPSRC under SOCIAM: the theory & practice of social machines, the Web Science Institute and the Web Science Trust? I'd like to acknowledge the ideas, feedback and support of my colleagues from SOCIAM, the WSI and the Web Science Trust network of Labs (WSTnet) Notes:
  • 2. This talk is as much about the problems and challenges that drive the proposed?method as it is about the method? Because (observing) the Web is complex - both social and technical Because observing the Web is not all about Web Science Because a usable method is directly driven by the problems is seeks to address Scope Notes: Overview What is the problem (opportunity)? What can you measure/describe? DNA. So what? How can we remain inclusive whilst contributing greater differentiation??How do we account for different approaches?? Does this say anything about Social Machines more widely? Conclusions & Future Work Notes:
  • 3. "In attempting to go beyond the notional and yet stop before the normative there is a fluid and and almost fragile space?in which we understand what (the) Web Observatory is, what it could be and what it means to Observe.."? Notes: An Observatory The Observatory A Web Observatory The Web Observatory The Web of Observatories The Web Science Observatory A social machine for observing social machines Data on the Web? Data about the Web? Notes:
  • 4. Real life is and must be full of ?all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration. Notes: Social machines are Web-based socio-technical systems ?in which the human and technological elements play the role of participant machinery with respect to the mechanistic realisation of system-level processes. Notes:
  • 5. Consider the raw artefact .. Das Ding an sich ... Notes: Notes:
  • 6. We need to consider how our perceptions are shaped by roles, frames and experiences when we come to agree on a definition for anything Notes: is modified by the perception of the individual of?some/all part(s) of the artefact Notes:
  • 7. The n-blind men and the <insert artefact here> Note that these people may argue later about a definition Notes: Brilliant Idea! Jack is the ONLY answer .... obvious really Notes:
  • 8. Bias Notes: So back to our question - if everyone is potentially holding a different view does it make any sense to define Observatories at all ? I submit that it makes little difference if individual or standalone systems decide to adopt the name or align themselves to a?single definition of an Observatory (WO) or not HOWEVER a Web of Observatories? (a virtual W3O) does? require some common orientation to allow for interoperation. Notes:
  • 9. Not just the Web but also Web Observatory With thanks to David de Roure Notes: Types of social function Epistemic Object Technical ObjectBoundary Object Notes:
  • 10. Boundary objects are objects which are both plastic enough to adapt to local needs and constraints of the several parties employing them, yet robust enough to maintain a common identity across sites. They are weakly structured in common use, and become strongly structured in individual-site use. Boundary Objects Notes: " .. initial goal was to analyze the nature of co-operative work in the abscence of consensus" Susan Leigh Star Notes:
  • 11. What are the axes or perspectives that we can use to? distinguish, group or differentiate systems that are Web Observatories WOs or, at least,? Observatory-Shaped Objects OSOs. > What is a WO?? >> How is WO used? >>> Why is a WO needed? Notes: > What is a WO?? >> How is WO used? >>> Why is a WO needed? Form / Functionality Process / Operations Motivations / Roles Notes:
  • 12. Definition: A list of features, blocks and boundaries in order to define, what a system comprises, what it can do and where it starts and ends ? Notes: Facets of Functionality Notes:
  • 13. Enhanced Concept Map Notes: Webscience.me perspective?is?everything?.. Web Observatory Facets Feb 2014 Here is a Concept Map for an Observatory highlighted to show which of the features/concepts have been Notes:
  • 14. Definition: Knife "an instrument composed of a blade fixed into a handle" Notes: The physical form may be quite similar but the application is? very different in each case .. Notes:
  • 15. Turns out that? "WHAT is a WO?" is not a very interesting question on its own .. Notes: Nature: Defining what a system actually does in terms of exchanges, meaningful operations and how these are framed Notes:
  • 16. In addition to a list/taxonomy of features we are going to need a vocabulary of? processes/interactions Notes: Settings Use the form below to customize your map. SIZE COLOR LAYOUT OTHER (/) webscience (/webscience) / e5?social?machine?processes Search e5 Social Machine processes SWITCH MAPS Social machines comprise technical, operational (process) and motivational elements. This maps looks at the wider field of Social Machine processes including the external eco-system factors - the three-phase processing cycle (encounter, enhance and execute) and the possible emergent efeects. This gives us the e5 model. e5 Social Machine Processes Notes:
  • 17. Webscience.me perspective?is?everything?.. From Search to Observation: an update Notes: Archetypes / Aspirations The individuals/groups who are deriving some benefit?from the the Observatory.? Notes:
  • 18. Notes: DNA WO Reiss Explore Account Logout Support Download Reiss Motivations Edit Reiss Motivations Behaviours Cognitions Emotions Resources Reiss Motivations Search Notes:
  • 19. Where does the data for these perspectives come from: Definition - literature survey, specs (Deductive) Nature - literature survey explicit and implied (Inductive) Archetype/Ambitions - Case study, Interviews (Abductive)? Notes: Potential objection from the audience ... "What makes you think that the functionality D is driving the usage N which dictates/shapes how people interact and apply this idea A Doesn't DNA enforce a structure or sequence that may not be there?" Notes:
  • 20. Choose one (or patterns) as your model/theory suggests Notes: Does this model carry over to Social Machines?? non-Webby social machines Emergent or transient social machines Summary Flexible Method / 3D view Covers major perspectives of social objects (Physical, Application, Semantic/Cognitive)? Has a structure (DNA) but allows NDA, AND etc Notes:
  • 21. Future Work Future work includes systematic review of WOs in different social spaces (academic, business and community) to? validate that the Ds, Ns and As we have gathered exhaust the space for WO we can observe (so far) PoC work to look at the feasibility of mobilising the process work using ODRL and LSC for policy/permission exchange across WOs Synthesising the A interviews into broader theory of Observation? Notes: "In attempting to go beyond the notional and yet stop before the normative there is a fluid and and almost fragile space?in which we understand what (the) Web Observatory is, what it could be and what it means to Observe.."? Notes:
  • 22. Failure to define leads to confusion, mis-direction and wasted effort Notes: