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PallaviKumari112

This document discusses the nature and scope of questioned document examination. It defines questioned documents as any document whose authenticity or authorship is in doubt. Common questioned documents include checks, wills, contracts, and letters. The analysis of questioned documents involves examining the document and comparing similarities and differences to known samples to determine if they were produced by the same source. Handwriting analysis is an important part of document examination, as handwriting is unique to each individual. Experts analyze handwriting traits and compare questioned documents to handwriting exemplars. Forgery and counterfeiting are also discussed, as are security features used to prevent fraudulent reproduction of documents like checks and currency.

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Nature and Scope of Questioned Document Examination PALLAVI KUMARI
Document? A document can be anything like Paper Wall Leaf Glass/mirror Stone on which some mark, sign, picture or script is written, engraved or embossed that convey some message. For example: Pyramids of Egypt.
QUETSIONED DOCUMENTS Any document who is under scrutiny or whose genuineness is under doubt or authorship is challenged. Document can be challenged under various conditions like Signatures Handwriting Paper/ink etc.
Common Questioned Documents Checks Certificates Wills Passports Licenses Money Letters Contracts Suicide Notes Receipts Even Lottery Tickets Medical prescriptions Demand drafts Scanned documents Shredded documents Anonymous letter Visas Law deeds Property papers Bus/railway/air tickets Bus/railway passes Seal and stamps Typewritten documents Printed documents Burned documents Extortion notes Fax documents
Document Analysis Document Analysis is the examination and comparison of questioned documents with known material. signature, handwriting, typewriting, or other written mark whose source or authenticity is in dispute or uncertain Experts establish the authenticity of documents and detect any changes, erasures, or obliterations that may have occurred Obliteration- writing over top to smear or make orginal writing unreadable
Handwriting Analysis Like Fingerprints, every persons handwriting is unique and personalized Handwriting is difficult to disguise or forge Good tool for including or excluding persons when determining a match with an exemplar Questioned documents are compared to exemplars to determine matches Exemplars- prewritten handwriting samples from a suspect(s)
Introduction to Handwriting Everyones handwriting exhibits natural variation Writing instruments- pen, pencil, marker ect Mood, age, hurried Brain does writing- methods of writing become subconscious Adults show little variation
Handwriting Examination 1. Two writings came from one person if: their similarities are unique and no unexplainable difference(s) are found 2. Examine the questionable document for detectable traits and record them 3. Obtain a known sample of the suspects writing (an exemplar) 4. Compare and draw conclusions about the authorship of the questionable document
Handwriting Analysis o Evidence in the Courtroom Expert explains how comparisons were made Cross-examination by defense attorney may follow Must be able to justify and defense usually has their own expert witness to try to refute o Shortcomings in Analysis Are the base documents real or fake? Did mood, age, fatigue impact the handwriting? Did experts miss details any details?
Forgery and Fraudulence (Fraud) Forgery- making, altering, or falsifying a persons signature or any other aspect of a document with the intent to deceive another Forged documents include: checks employment records legal agreements licenses wills Fraudulenceforgery for material gain
Check Forgery Check forgery can include: ordering anothers checks from a deposit slip altering a check intercepting anothers check, altering, and cashing it creating a check from scratch
Preventing Check Forgery Chemically sensitive paper Large font size requires more ink and makes alterations more difficult High resolution borders that are difficult to copy Multiple color patterns on paper Embed fibers that glow under different light Use chemical wash detection systems that change color when a check is altered
Counterfeiting o Counterfeiting- When false documents or other items are copied for the purpose of deception o A criminal activity existing since antiquity o Items commonly forged today include: Currency Travelers checks Food stamps Certain bonds Postage stamps
Currency Security features are added to paper currency that scanning cannot reproduce Regular printer paper contains starch. Paper currency contains rag fiber instead of starch. People usually first suspect money as fake because its texture does not feel right
documents (1).pptx

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documents (1).pptx

  • 1. Nature and Scope of Questioned Document Examination PALLAVI KUMARI
  • 2. Document? A document can be anything like Paper Wall Leaf Glass/mirror Stone on which some mark, sign, picture or script is written, engraved or embossed that convey some message. For example: Pyramids of Egypt.
  • 3. QUETSIONED DOCUMENTS Any document who is under scrutiny or whose genuineness is under doubt or authorship is challenged. Document can be challenged under various conditions like Signatures Handwriting Paper/ink etc.
  • 4. Common Questioned Documents Checks Certificates Wills Passports Licenses Money Letters Contracts Suicide Notes Receipts Even Lottery Tickets Medical prescriptions Demand drafts Scanned documents Shredded documents Anonymous letter Visas Law deeds Property papers Bus/railway/air tickets Bus/railway passes Seal and stamps Typewritten documents Printed documents Burned documents Extortion notes Fax documents
  • 5. Document Analysis Document Analysis is the examination and comparison of questioned documents with known material. signature, handwriting, typewriting, or other written mark whose source or authenticity is in dispute or uncertain Experts establish the authenticity of documents and detect any changes, erasures, or obliterations that may have occurred Obliteration- writing over top to smear or make orginal writing unreadable
  • 6. Handwriting Analysis Like Fingerprints, every persons handwriting is unique and personalized Handwriting is difficult to disguise or forge Good tool for including or excluding persons when determining a match with an exemplar Questioned documents are compared to exemplars to determine matches Exemplars- prewritten handwriting samples from a suspect(s)
  • 7. Introduction to Handwriting Everyones handwriting exhibits natural variation Writing instruments- pen, pencil, marker ect Mood, age, hurried Brain does writing- methods of writing become subconscious Adults show little variation
  • 8. Handwriting Examination 1. Two writings came from one person if: their similarities are unique and no unexplainable difference(s) are found 2. Examine the questionable document for detectable traits and record them 3. Obtain a known sample of the suspects writing (an exemplar) 4. Compare and draw conclusions about the authorship of the questionable document
  • 9. Handwriting Analysis o Evidence in the Courtroom Expert explains how comparisons were made Cross-examination by defense attorney may follow Must be able to justify and defense usually has their own expert witness to try to refute o Shortcomings in Analysis Are the base documents real or fake? Did mood, age, fatigue impact the handwriting? Did experts miss details any details?
  • 10. Forgery and Fraudulence (Fraud) Forgery- making, altering, or falsifying a persons signature or any other aspect of a document with the intent to deceive another Forged documents include: checks employment records legal agreements licenses wills Fraudulenceforgery for material gain
  • 11. Check Forgery Check forgery can include: ordering anothers checks from a deposit slip altering a check intercepting anothers check, altering, and cashing it creating a check from scratch
  • 12. Preventing Check Forgery Chemically sensitive paper Large font size requires more ink and makes alterations more difficult High resolution borders that are difficult to copy Multiple color patterns on paper Embed fibers that glow under different light Use chemical wash detection systems that change color when a check is altered
  • 13. Counterfeiting o Counterfeiting- When false documents or other items are copied for the purpose of deception o A criminal activity existing since antiquity o Items commonly forged today include: Currency Travelers checks Food stamps Certain bonds Postage stamps
  • 14. Currency Security features are added to paper currency that scanning cannot reproduce Regular printer paper contains starch. Paper currency contains rag fiber instead of starch. People usually first suspect money as fake because its texture does not feel right