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Doors and windows

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Randeep pal Singh
Randeep pal Singh

- Doors and windows are openings in walls that allow access and ventilation. The number and location of doors and windows should be based on functional requirements. - Common door sizes are 1m x 2m for internal and 1.1m x 2m for external residential doors. Public buildings commonly use sizes like 1.2m x 2m. - Doors are classified by construction type, including battened, framed, panelled, flush, and others. Frame, panel, and shutter components are defined.

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Introduction • A door is an opening in a wall that you can open and close. • It is connecting link between the various internal portions of a building
Windows • A window is an opening in a wall or roof to allow light and air into the house.
Location of doors & windows • The no. of doors in a room should be kept minimum since large no. of doors causes obstruction and consume more area in circulation • The location of door should meet functional requirements of a room It should not be located in the center of the length of a wall • A door should preferably be located near the corner of a room nearly 20 cm away from the corner • The size and no. of windows should be decided on the basis of imp. factors such as : distribution of light, control of ventilation and privacy of the occupants
Location of doors & windows • From the point of view of fresh air a window should be located in the prevalent direction of wind • The sill of a window should be located about 70 to 80 cm about floor level of the room
Definition of technical terms • FRAME It is an assembly of horizontal and vertical members forming an enclosure to which the shutters are fixed • SHUTTERS These are the openable parts of a door or window.it is an assembly of styles, panels and rails. • HEAD This is the top or uppermost horizontal part of a frame • SILL This is the lowermost or bottom horizontal part of a window frame. Sills are normally not provided in door frames • HORN These are the horizontal projection of the head and sill of a frame to facilitate the fixing of a frame on the wall opening. The length of horn is kept about 10 to 15cm • STYLE It is the vertical outside member of the shutter of a door or window
Doors and windows
Definition of technical terms • TOP RAIL This is the top most horizontal member of a shutter • LOCK RAIL This is the middle horizontal member of a door shutter to which locking arrangement is fixed • BOTTOM RAIL This is the lowermost horizontal member of a shutter • PANEL This is the area of shutter enclosed between the adjacent rails • JAMB This is the vertical wall face of an opening which support the frame • Mullion This is a vertical member of a frame which is employed to subdivide a window or a door vertically
Doors and windows
Doors and windows
Size of doors The common width-height relation used in India •Height = (width + 1.2) m – Residential buildings: • External……..(1mX2m) to (1.1mX2m) • Internal………(0.9mX2m) to (1mX2m) • Bathrooms….(0.7mX2m) to (0.8mX2m) • Garages………. (2.25mX2.25m) to (2.40mX2.25m) – Public buildings: • 1.2m X 2m 1.2m X 2.1m 1.2m X 2.25 m
Types of doors • Classification on the basis of arrangement of components – Battened & ledged doors – Battened, ledged & braced doors – Battened, ledged & framed doors – Battened, ledged, braced & framed doors • Classification on the basis of method or manner of construction • Framed & panelled doors • Glazed or sash doors • Flush doors • Louvered doors • Wire gauged doors
• Classification on the basis of working operations Revolving doors Sliding doors Swing doors Collapsible steel doors Rolling steel shutter doors • Metal doors Mild steel sheet doors Corrugated steel sheet doors Hollow metal doors Metal covered plywood doors
Battened and ledged doors • Simplest type of door • Suitable for narrow openings • Vertical supports are called as battens and horizontal supports are called as ledges.
Doors and windows
Battened ledged and braced door • Diagonal members are provided to give more rigidity. • Can be used for wider openings
Doors and windows
Battened ledged and framed doors • Frame work for the shutter is provided in the form of verticals known as styles
Battened ledged braced and framed doors • Additional braces are provided diagonally between the ledges to increase its strength
Classification on the basis of method or manner of construction • Framed & panelled doors • Glazed or sash doors • Flush doors • Louvered doors • Wire gauged doors
Framed and panelled door • These types of doors are widely used in almost all types of building since they are strong and give better appearance than batten doors.
Doors and windows
Glazed or sash doors • Provided where additional light is required to be admitted to the room. • Can be fully glazed, partly glazed and partly panelled
Flush doors • Pleasing appearance, simple in construction, better strength, less cost. • Consists of core covered on both sides with plywood.
Wire gauged doors • To check entry of flies or mosquitoes. • Wire mesh is provided in the panels
Classification on the basis of working operations Revolving doors Sliding doors Swing doors Collapsible steel doors Rolling steel shutter doors
Revolving doors • Provide entrance to one and exit to other simultaneously
Doors and windows
Sliding doors • Shutter slides with the help of runners and guide rails
Swing doors • Shutter can move inward and outward.
Collapsible steel doors •For providing increased safety. •Does not require any hinges or frames.
Rolling steel shutter door •Used for godowns, shops. •Horizontal shaft and springs are provided due to which the shutter is opened and closed up by a small pull or push
Mild steel sheet doors • Mild steel plates are welded to the shutter frame.
Hollow metal doors
Metal covered plywood doors • Composite doors made up of mild steel and plywood. • Fire proof

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Doors and windows

  • 1. Introduction • A door is an opening in a wall that you can open and close. • It is connecting link between the various internal portions of a building
  • 2. Windows • A window is an opening in a wall or roof to allow light and air into the house.
  • 3. Location of doors & windows • The no. of doors in a room should be kept minimum since large no. of doors causes obstruction and consume more area in circulation • The location of door should meet functional requirements of a room It should not be located in the center of the length of a wall • A door should preferably be located near the corner of a room nearly 20 cm away from the corner • The size and no. of windows should be decided on the basis of imp. factors such as : distribution of light, control of ventilation and privacy of the occupants
  • 4. Location of doors & windows • From the point of view of fresh air a window should be located in the prevalent direction of wind • The sill of a window should be located about 70 to 80 cm about floor level of the room
  • 5. Definition of technical terms • FRAME It is an assembly of horizontal and vertical members forming an enclosure to which the shutters are fixed • SHUTTERS These are the openable parts of a door or window.it is an assembly of styles, panels and rails. • HEAD This is the top or uppermost horizontal part of a frame • SILL This is the lowermost or bottom horizontal part of a window frame. Sills are normally not provided in door frames • HORN These are the horizontal projection of the head and sill of a frame to facilitate the fixing of a frame on the wall opening. The length of horn is kept about 10 to 15cm • STYLE It is the vertical outside member of the shutter of a door or window
  • 7. Definition of technical terms • TOP RAIL This is the top most horizontal member of a shutter • LOCK RAIL This is the middle horizontal member of a door shutter to which locking arrangement is fixed • BOTTOM RAIL This is the lowermost horizontal member of a shutter • PANEL This is the area of shutter enclosed between the adjacent rails • JAMB This is the vertical wall face of an opening which support the frame • Mullion This is a vertical member of a frame which is employed to subdivide a window or a door vertically
  • 10. Size of doors The common width-height relation used in India •Height = (width + 1.2) m – Residential buildings: • External……..(1mX2m) to (1.1mX2m) • Internal………(0.9mX2m) to (1mX2m) • Bathrooms….(0.7mX2m) to (0.8mX2m) • Garages………. (2.25mX2.25m) to (2.40mX2.25m) – Public buildings: • 1.2m X 2m 1.2m X 2.1m 1.2m X 2.25 m
  • 11. Types of doors • Classification on the basis of arrangement of components – Battened & ledged doors – Battened, ledged & braced doors – Battened, ledged & framed doors – Battened, ledged, braced & framed doors • Classification on the basis of method or manner of construction • Framed & panelled doors • Glazed or sash doors • Flush doors • Louvered doors • Wire gauged doors
  • 12. • Classification on the basis of working operations Revolving doors Sliding doors Swing doors Collapsible steel doors Rolling steel shutter doors • Metal doors Mild steel sheet doors Corrugated steel sheet doors Hollow metal doors Metal covered plywood doors
  • 13. Battened and ledged doors • Simplest type of door • Suitable for narrow openings • Vertical supports are called as battens and horizontal supports are called as ledges.
  • 15. Battened ledged and braced door • Diagonal members are provided to give more rigidity. • Can be used for wider openings
  • 17. Battened ledged and framed doors • Frame work for the shutter is provided in the form of verticals known as styles
  • 18. Battened ledged braced and framed doors • Additional braces are provided diagonally between the ledges to increase its strength
  • 19. Classification on the basis of method or manner of construction • Framed & panelled doors • Glazed or sash doors • Flush doors • Louvered doors • Wire gauged doors
  • 20. Framed and panelled door • These types of doors are widely used in almost all types of building since they are strong and give better appearance than batten doors.
  • 22. Glazed or sash doors • Provided where additional light is required to be admitted to the room. • Can be fully glazed, partly glazed and partly panelled
  • 23. Flush doors • Pleasing appearance, simple in construction, better strength, less cost. • Consists of core covered on both sides with plywood.
  • 24. Wire gauged doors • To check entry of flies or mosquitoes. • Wire mesh is provided in the panels
  • 25. Classification on the basis of working operations Revolving doors Sliding doors Swing doors Collapsible steel doors Rolling steel shutter doors
  • 26. Revolving doors • Provide entrance to one and exit to other simultaneously
  • 28. Sliding doors • Shutter slides with the help of runners and guide rails
  • 29. Swing doors • Shutter can move inward and outward.
  • 30. Collapsible steel doors •For providing increased safety. •Does not require any hinges or frames.
  • 31. Rolling steel shutter door •Used for godowns, shops. •Horizontal shaft and springs are provided due to which the shutter is opened and closed up by a small pull or push
  • 32. Mild steel sheet doors • Mild steel plates are welded to the shutter frame.
  • 34. Metal covered plywood doors • Composite doors made up of mild steel and plywood. • Fire proof