Dr. ufaque batool korai
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This study assessed the availability of essential drugs at 22 Basic Health Units (BHUs) in Larkana district. A questionnaire was used to determine if drugs like Vitamin A, iron/folic acid, ORS packets, antimalarials, antipryretics, and others were physically available. The results found that 59% of antimalarial drugs, 51% of antipryretic drugs, and 16% of ORS packets were not available. Vitamin A supplementation and eye drops in particular were not available at most BHUs. The conclusion is that not all essential drugs are universally available at BHUs in Larkana district after transitioning to PPHI management, and the recommendation is that drugs like Vit
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MODULE 1
Introduction to nutrition in emergencies
PART 2: TECHNICAL NOTES
The technical notes are the second of four parts contained in this module. They provide an introduction to nutrition in emergencies. The technical notes are intended for people involved in nutrition programme planning and implementation. They provide technical details, highlight challenging areas and provide clear guidance on accepted current practices. Words in italics are defined in the glossary.
These technical notes are based on the other HTP modules as well as the following references and related Sphere standards in the box below:
Lancet Nutrition Series, 2008. http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-undernutrition
Integrated Phase Classification system, www.ipcinfo.org
SMART guidelines, www.smartmethodology.org
Young, H., A. Borrel, Hollard, D. & Salama, P. (2004). Public nutrition in complex emergencies. The Lancet, 364: 1899-909. http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/training/predeployment/Public%20health%20nutrition%20in%20complex%20emergencies.pdf
Young & Jaspars (2006). The Meaning and Measurement of Malnutrition in Acute Emergencies. Network Paper Number 56. London: ODI. http://www.ipcinfo.org/attachments/Meaning_and_measurement_of_acute_malnutrition_in_emergencies.pdf
Sphere Handbook, 2011. http://www.sphereproject.org/component/option,com_docman/task,cat_view/gid,70/Itemid,203
IASC Global Nutrition Cluster, http://oneresponse.info/globalclusters/nutrition/Pages/default.aspx
Emergency Nutrition Network publication, Field Exchange. www.ennonline.net/fex
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, http://www.unocha.org
Nutrition Information in Crisis Situations, NICS, http://www.unscn.org/en/publications/nics/
Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) , http://www.fews.net/Pages/default.aspx
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Food security and nutrition assessment standard 2: Nutrition
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Infant and young child feeding standard 1: Policy guidance and coordination
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Infant and young child feeding standard 2: Basic and skilled support
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The document discusses newborn screening for metabolic disorders using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). It begins with the story of Tyler Wayne who died from undiagnosed galactosemia. It then explains that MS/MS allows for early detection of treatable metabolic disorders before symptoms appear, preventing complications. The document outlines the process and benefits of newborn screening as well as the status of screening programs in various countries including the UAE.Expanded Newborn Screening
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The document discusses newborn screening for metabolic disorders. It describes Tyler Wayne's story who died from undiagnosed galactosemia. Metabolic disorders can cause damage if not detected early through newborn screening. The document outlines the benefits of newborn screening such as early detection and treatment before symptoms appear. It describes how tandem mass spectrometry can screen for over 50 treatable disorders simultaneously.Drug Excretion
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The document provides information on commonly used drugs for children, including paracetamol, ibuprofen, midazolam, salbutamol, gaviscon infant, cefotaxime, caffeine citrate, morphine, and flucloxacillin. It discusses the uses, who can receive each drug, how it is administered, cautions, and side effects. Research is cited showing medication errors can occur in up to 17.8% of hospitalized children and identifying reasons for adverse drug reactions is important for prevention strategies.Pediatrics OSCE, RIPE 2013 
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Mother describes the following history:
- 6 year old boy
- No significant past history
- Started having episodes of staring spells 2 months back
- Gradually progressed to generalized tonic clonic seizures
- Seizures last 2-3 minutes followed by postictal confusion
- No fever, trauma preceding seizures
- No developmental delay or regression
- No family history of seizures
OSCE 10 ANSWER
1. Osteogenesis imperfecta
2. Autosomal dominant
3. Defective collagen synthesis
4. Rickets
5. Wormian bones, hearing loss, blue sclera, dentinogenesis imperfecta
OSCE 11 ANSWER
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Toxicology is a field of science that helps us understand the harmful effects of chemicals, substances, or situations, can have on people, animals, and the environment.
Some refer toxicology as the Science of Safety because -evolved from a science focused on studying poisons and adverse effects.
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MODULE 1
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The technical notes are the second of four parts contained in this module. They provide an introduction to nutrition in emergencies. The technical notes are intended for people involved in nutrition programme planning and implementation. They provide technical details, highlight challenging areas and provide clear guidance on accepted current practices. Words in italics are defined in the glossary.
These technical notes are based on the other HTP modules as well as the following references and related Sphere standards in the box below:
Lancet Nutrition Series, 2008. http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-undernutrition
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SMART guidelines, www.smartmethodology.org
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- Gradually progressed to generalized tonic clonic seizures
- Seizures last 2-3 minutes followed by postictal confusion
- No fever, trauma preceding seizures
- No developmental delay or regression
- No family history of seizures
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2. Autosomal dominant
3. Defective collagen synthesis
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5. Wormian bones, hearing loss, blue sclera, dentinogenesis imperfecta
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epidemiology.ppt22Dr Ufaque Batool Korai
油
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events, such as disease. It involves two main types: descriptive epidemiology which studies disease distribution, and analytic epidemiology which aims to explain disease occurrence and elucidate causal mechanisms. Epidemiology is a quantitative, applied science that focuses on groups using systematic and orderly observational methods.studyofaninfantsmind-091009063243-phpapp02
studyofaninfantsmind-091009063243-phpapp02Dr Ufaque Batool Korai
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This document discusses studies of infant minds and consciousness. It explains that obtaining data from infants has been difficult due to a lack of language, but scientists have found other methods. Some studies have found that infants have superior empathy, imagination, and sometimes intelligence compared to adults. Infants absorb all stimuli like a sponge as they lack the mental filters developed with age and experience that adults use to process information and emotions. Understanding these differences can help adults better relate to infants and see that their consciousness is simply different rather than less developed.NEC
NECDr Ufaque Batool Korai
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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of emergency surgery in neonates, particularly preterm infants. It has an overall incidence of 1-5% in NICUs. The pathology involves necrosis of the bowel wall, typically in the terminal ileum and proximal colon. Risk factors include prematurity, enteral feedings, and circulatory instability. Clinically, NEC presents with feeding intolerance and abdominal distension, and can range from mild to severe with systemic involvement. Diagnosis is supported by radiographic findings like pneumatosis intestinalis. Treatment involves stopping feeds, antibiotics, and may require surgery for severe or perforated cases. Prognosis depends on severity, and survivors oftenInfant of Diebetic Mother
Infant of Diebetic MotherDr Ufaque Batool Korai
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This document discusses infants of diabetic mothers. It begins with an introduction that describes how maternal hyperglycemia can cause fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism. It then covers definitions, incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and potential fetal and neonatal complications. The document discusses clinical manifestations, investigations, management, prognosis and prevention. Potential complications for infants of diabetic mothers include macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory distress, cardiac issues, and birth injuries. Care of the infant focuses on monitoring blood sugar and treating any complications.Dr. ufaque batool korai
- 2. TITLE Availability of essential drugs at Basic Health Units (BHUs) of Larkana District. Dr. Ufaque Batool Korai (final year MBBS student of CMC). Prof. Dr. Khurshid Ahmed Abbasi (Head of Paediatrics Department Unit 2 and Visiting professor of Community Medicine, CMC). Dr. Shiraz Shaikh (Faculty of Community Health Sciences AKU). By
- 3. BACKGROUND It is common perception of public that essential drugs are either not available or not being provided at Basic Health Units. Therefore we designed this study to look at the availability of essential drugs in Basic Health Units of Larkana.
- 4. OBJECTIVE To look for the availability of essential drugs at BHUs of Larkana district.
- 5. METHODS AND SETTING Study design: This was a cross sectional study. Study setting: The study was carried out for 1 month (1st January 2011 to 31st January 2011) at 22 BHUs of Larkana district.
- 6. Methods & setting continues.. Sample was calculated by WHO sampling formula. Universal sampling type was used as we had taken all the BHUs of Larkana district under inclusion criteria. Pre-tested questionnaire was used. Total of 22 BHUs were covered in Larkana district.
- 7. Methods & setting continues.. They were visited during morning hours and physical presence/ availability of all essential drugs was personally made.
- 8. PROFORMA Essential drugs Code Answer 1. Vitamin A supplement 1.Yes 2.No 2. Iron and folic acid supplement 1.Yes 2.No 3. O.R.S packets 1.Yes 2.No 4. Chloroquine tab 1.Yes 2.No 5. Paracetamol tab 1.Yes 2.No 6. Mebendazole tab 1.Yes 2.No 7. Chloropheniamine tab 1.Yes 2.No 8. Ear drops 1.Yes 2.No 9. Eye drops 1.Yes 2.No 10. Benzyl benzoate emulsion 1.Yes 2.No 11. Amoxycilin cap/syp 1.Yes 2.No 12. Metronidazole (flagyl) tab/syp 1.Yes 2.No 13. Anti-hypertensive drugs 1.Yes 2.No
- 10. 41% 59% Anti Malarial Drugs Not Available Available
- 11. 51%49% Anti Pyretic Drugs Not Available Available
- 13. Vitamin A supplementation and Eye drops. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Vitamin A Eye Drops 78% 13% 22% 87% Non Available Available
- 14. Oral hypoglycemic drugs were available in (100%) of the BHUs centre. None of the BHUs had the ear drops.
- 15. Conclusion After takeover of BHUs by PPHI, still not all essential drugs are available at every BHU in Larkana district. Particularly Vitamin A, ORS, Eye & Ear drops are not available in all centers.
- 16. Recommendation Hence they should be made available at every BHU, so that these essential drugs can be provided to patients requiring them.