Dropouts in Youth Sports: Causes and Prevention Strategies
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A brief analysis of the rate of dropouts in youth sports, causes for these dropouts, and strategies to prevent these dropouts from occurring.
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Dropouts in Youth Sports: Causes and Prevention Strategies
- 1. Causes and Prevention Strategies for Coaches Sean Lewis
- 2. Overview of the Presentation Reasons for it and strategies to prevent it • Start with dropout statistics and importance of prevention • Expand on the main reasons of youth drop out • Provide coaching strategies to prevent dropout • Suggest any areas of future research
- 3. Why do children start playing sport? • Make new friends? • Play with existing friends? • Most of all, to have FUN!
- 4. Dropout Rates and Reasons to Prevent it Western Australian School Children in 1996 80% 11-12 year olds play sport 57% of 16-17 year olds play sport 42% of dropouts occurred between year 7-8 In the US in 2010 over 20 million children register for sports By age 13, 70% of these kids have stopped playing Study by Ronald Woods in 2005 states that children’s sport is at an all time high, 10-17 year olds at 59% Over 70% of participants drop out before high school
- 5. Dropout Rates and Reasons to Prevent it • Linked to a decreased rate of school dropout when participating in sport • Linked to better grades • Diminishes the growing obesity epidemic
- 6. Causes of youth sport dropouts "If children go • Coaches play a critical role in retention and dropout practice, perform painful drills, and improve their skills, but have no fun, and if the coach constantly • Mostly due to negative hammers at their experiences, a slow cost/benefit situation mistakes, after a while they are going to think, do I really want to be here?". Thomas Tutko, Sport Psychology Professor, San Jose • Programming models set by University, California coaches facilitate dropouts
- 7. Causes of youth sport dropouts The top 10 reasons for quitting the sport. Institute for the Study of Youth Sports at Michigan State University Boys Girls 1. I was no longer interested. 1. I was no longer interested. 2. It was no longer fun. 2. It was no longer fun. 3. The sport took too much time 3. I needed more time to study. 4. The coach played favourites. 4. There was too much pressure 5. The coach was a poor teacher. 5. The coach was a poor teacher. 6. I was tired of playing. 6. I wanted to participate in other non-sport activities. 7. There was too much emphasis on winning. 7. The sport took too much time. 8. I wanted to participate in other non-sport activity. 8. The coach played favourites. 9. I needed more time to study. 9. I was tired of playing. 10. There was too much pressure. 10. Games and practices were scheduled when I could not attend.
- 8. Coaching Strategies to Prevent Dropout • 4 of the top 5 reasons for youth sport drop out was related to lack of interest/fun and bad coaches • Therefore coaches job to emphasise fun • Some studies suggest that that children like competition • Most recent studies suggest it as a large factor of sport drop out
- 9. Coaching Strategies to Prevent Dropout Coaching children and adolescents should focus on three things - Fun and enjoyment - Encourage and praise effort not result - Skill progression Reduce emphasis on competition
- 10. Coaching Strategies to Prevent Dropout Mastery Approach to Coaching - Emphasises maximum effort and improving skills - Focus on techniques for providing positive reinforcement - Encourage effort, Frank Smoll Ph.D. & Ronald Smith Ph.D. demonstrate how to prevent or fix mistake
- 11. Coaching Strategies to Prevent Dropout Pass, Catch, Kick, Tackle - Developed by Digisport, Australian Rugby League Foundation - Multimedia CD-ROM with over 165 different skill activities and games - Main focus for games is fun and enjoyment http://www.digisport.com.au/PassCatchKickTackle.html
- 12. Coaching Strategies to Prevent Dropout • Studies shown that programmed model/rigid training regimes facilitate drop outs • Children and youth athletes should be encouraged to do additional extra curricular activities
- 13. Future Research Directions • Did the child change sport? • Drop from two to one sports? • Continue with some other form of aerobic exercise? • Up to date population based data of Australian children and adolescents. • Did the child return to sport? • At what age and how long for?
- 14. Conclusion • Youth dropout rates in sport is a significant problem • Can be narrowed to a small age group where dropout is especially prevalent • Need to place greater emphasis on fun, effort, skill development, other activities • Less on competition and winning • Likely to see large improvements in retention rates among youth sports