This document provides information about droughts and desertification. It begins by outlining the lesson outcomes, which are to define drought and desertification, examine their causes from climate change and human activities, discuss their effects on people and the environment, and design a management plan. It then introduces the topics and provides definitions of drought as a long period of below average rainfall and desertification as fertile land becoming desert. The document discusses the causes of each, including climate factors and human activities like overgrazing. It outlines effects such as food shortages, starvation, and environmental damage. Finally, it discusses management strategies for droughts like monitoring weather and restricting water usage, and for desertification through afforestation and soil management programs.
3. LESSON OUTCOMES
BYTHE END OFTHE LESSON,YOU MUST:
DEFINETHETERMS DROUGHT & DESERTIFICATION.
EXAMINETHE CAUSES OF DROUGHTS & DESERTIFICATION ON
CLIMATE CHANGE & HUMAN LEVEL.
DISCUSSTHE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT & DESERTIFICATION ON
PEOPLE &THE ENVIRONMENT.
DESIGN A MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR DROUGHT &
DESERTIFICATION.
6. DEFINITIONS
DROUGHT
A LONG PERIODOF BELOW
AVERAGE RAINFALL.
CLICK HERETOWATCH AVIDEO
ON DROUGHT & DESERTIFICATION!
DESERTIFICATION
THE PROCESS BYWHICH AN AREA
THAT WAS ONCE FERTILE BECOMES
A DESERT.
7. Causes of Drought
Changing patterns of rainfall
Hight temperatures
Low relative humidity
Greater amounts of sunshine
Less cloud cover
9. Causes of Desertification
Overgrazing
Overcultivation
Deforestation
Population growth- overuse of natural resources.
Poverty- increased pressure on the land- soil fertility lost
Increased evaporation of the soil moisture
10. The Effects of Drought and
Desertification on People
Food shortages
Starvation and malnutrition
Increase in food prices
Job losses
Urbanization
Less workers in the primary sector
11. The Effect of Drought and
Desertification on the environment
Water supply in rivers and lakes as well as underground lessens
Water-more polluted-less fresh water reaches rivers & lakes
Reduced groundwater levels- reduce evapo-transpiration and
increased temps- fewer plants
Damage to natural habitats reduce variety of plants and animals
in an area.
Dry vegetation, high temps & low humility increases frequency
and intensity of veld fires.
12. Management of the effect of droughts
Satellite images
Monitoring weather conditions and alerting people
Construction of water storage facilities
Water restrictions
13. Management of desertification
Afforestation programmes
Proper soil management
Enlisting the support of local farmers