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Drug discovery and development

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This document discusses the history and methods of drug discovery. It outlines that early drugs were discovered from herbal remedies or serendipitously, but that now molecular targets are understood. The document then reviews the history of drug discovery from herbal drugs in the early 1900s to modern techniques like combinatorial chemistry, robotics, and automation. It describes the main methods of drug discovery and the steps of the process from target selection to clinical trials. It also discusses recent developments in gene therapy and orphan drugs, which are developed specifically for rare diseases.

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Drug discovery and development
Introduction In the past most drugs have been discovered either by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. But now we know diseases are controlled at molecular and physiological level. Also shape of an molecule at atomic level is well understood. Information of Human Genome
Drug discovery and development
History of Drug Discovery : Pre 1919 Herbal Drugs Serendiptious discoveries 1920s, 30s Vitamins Vaccines 1940s Antibiotic Era R&D Boost due to WW2 1950s New technology, Discovery of DNA 1960s Breakthrough in Etiology 1970s Rise of Biotechnology Use of IT 1980s Commercialization of Drug Discovery Combinatorial Chemistry 1990s Robotics Automation
Drug Discovery methods Drugs Discovery methods: Random Screening Molecular Manipulation Molecular Designing Drug Metabolites Serendipity
Steps Of Drug Discovery Target Selection Lead Discovery Medicinal Chemistry In Vitro Studies In Vivo Studies Clinical Trials Cellular & Genetic Targets Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics Synthesis and Isolation Combinatorial Chemistry Assay Development High Throughput Screening Library Development SAR Studies In Silico Screening Chemical Synthesis Drug Affinity and Selectivity Cell Disease Models MOA Lead Candidate Refinement Animal models of Disease States Behavioural Studies Functional Imaging Ex-Vivo Studies Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Phase-IV
Gene Therapy Technique for correcting defective genes. It is the process of inserting genes into cells to treat diseases. Gene therapy is used to correct a deficient phenotype.
Recent Developments Nanotechnology + gene therapy yielded treatment to torpedo cancer Results of world's first gene therapy for inherited blindness show sight improvement New Method of Gene Therapy Alters Immune Cells for Treatment of Advanced Melanoma Dual Gene Therapy Suppresses Lung Cancer in Preclinical Test
Orphan Drugs: An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease. National Organization for Rare Disorders European Organization for Rare Diseases
Advantages: Tax incentives. Enhanced patent protection and marketing rights. Clinical research financial subsidization. Rise in research and developmen. Crown Corporation.
Orphan Drugs Act: 4th January 1983 6000 Orphan Diseases Unprofitable Drug Development Affecting < 2,00,000 Persons Orphan Drug Status to 1,090 Drugs 1985 Amendment- Marketing Exclusivity Tourette Syndrome An Orphan Disease
Drug discovery and development

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Drug discovery and development

  • 2. Introduction In the past most drugs have been discovered either by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. But now we know diseases are controlled at molecular and physiological level. Also shape of an molecule at atomic level is well understood. Information of Human Genome
  • 4. History of Drug Discovery : Pre 1919 Herbal Drugs Serendiptious discoveries 1920s, 30s Vitamins Vaccines 1940s Antibiotic Era R&D Boost due to WW2 1950s New technology, Discovery of DNA 1960s Breakthrough in Etiology 1970s Rise of Biotechnology Use of IT 1980s Commercialization of Drug Discovery Combinatorial Chemistry 1990s Robotics Automation
  • 5. Drug Discovery methods Drugs Discovery methods: Random Screening Molecular Manipulation Molecular Designing Drug Metabolites Serendipity
  • 6. Steps Of Drug Discovery Target Selection Lead Discovery Medicinal Chemistry In Vitro Studies In Vivo Studies Clinical Trials Cellular & Genetic Targets Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics Synthesis and Isolation Combinatorial Chemistry Assay Development High Throughput Screening Library Development SAR Studies In Silico Screening Chemical Synthesis Drug Affinity and Selectivity Cell Disease Models MOA Lead Candidate Refinement Animal models of Disease States Behavioural Studies Functional Imaging Ex-Vivo Studies Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Phase-IV
  • 7. Gene Therapy Technique for correcting defective genes. It is the process of inserting genes into cells to treat diseases. Gene therapy is used to correct a deficient phenotype.
  • 8. Recent Developments Nanotechnology + gene therapy yielded treatment to torpedo cancer Results of world's first gene therapy for inherited blindness show sight improvement New Method of Gene Therapy Alters Immune Cells for Treatment of Advanced Melanoma Dual Gene Therapy Suppresses Lung Cancer in Preclinical Test
  • 9. Orphan Drugs: An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease. National Organization for Rare Disorders European Organization for Rare Diseases
  • 10. Advantages: Tax incentives. Enhanced patent protection and marketing rights. Clinical research financial subsidization. Rise in research and developmen. Crown Corporation.
  • 11. Orphan Drugs Act: 4th January 1983 6000 Orphan Diseases Unprofitable Drug Development Affecting < 2,00,000 Persons Orphan Drug Status to 1,090 Drugs 1985 Amendment- Marketing Exclusivity Tourette Syndrome An Orphan Disease