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Leveraging the Semantic
Web with Drupal 7

Stéphane Corlosquet, Paolo Ciccarese
MIND Informatics
SemTechBiz San Francisco 2012
June 4th, 2012

About the speakers
● Stéphane Corlosquet
● 6 years with Drupal
● Drupal core maintainer (RDF)
● Drupal Security Team member
● Co-authored the
Definitive Guide to Drupal 7
● Co-maintain RDF Extensions,
SPARQL, schema.org
● Member of the RDFa WG

About the speakers
● Paolo Ciccarese, PhD
● Assistant in Neurology at Mass General Hospital
● Research faculty at Harvard Medical School
● Author of 30+ scientific publications
● Senior software and knowledge engineer
● Member of W3C HCLS Interest Group
● Co-chair of the W3C Open Annotation Community
Group

Tutorial outline
● Introduction to Drupal
● What is it good for
● Installation / Hosted Drupal
● Semantic Web and Drupal
● Technology stack
● Use cases, hands on session
● Domeo & Drupal

Drupal
● Dries Buytaert - small news site in 2000
● Open Source - 2001
● Content Management System
● LAMP stack
● Non-developers can build sites
and publish content
● Control panels instead of code

http://www.flickr.com/photos/funkyah/2400889778
/

Drupal
● Open & modular
architecture
● Extensible by modules
● Standards-based
● Low resource hosting
● Scalable

Building a Drupal site

http://www.flickr.com/photos/toomuchdew/3792159077/


● Create the content types
you need

Blog, article, wiki, forum, polls,
image, video, podcast, e-
commerce... (be creative)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/georgivar/4795856532/


● Enable the features you
want

Comments, tags, voting/rating,
location, translations, revisions,
search...

http://www.flickr.com/photos/skip/42288941/

Set how your content is displayed

Thousands of free
contributed modules
● Google Analytics
● Wysiwyg
● Captcha
● Calendar
● XML sitemap
● Five stars
● Twitter
● ...
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kaptainkobold/1422600992/

The Drupal Community

http://www.flickr.com/photos/x-foto/4923221504/

The Drupal Community

“It’s really the Drupal community and not so much
the software that makes the Drupal project what it
is. So fostering the Drupal community is actually
more important than just managing the code base.” -
Dries Buytaert

http://webchick.net/node/80

Who uses Drupal?

http://buytaert.net/tag/drupal-sites

Try Drupal 7
● Download and Install Drupal 7
● Grab latest release http://drupal.org/project/drupal
● LAMP stack:
– Mac OS: http://www.mamp.info/
– Acquia Stack http://acquia.com/downloads

● Drupal Gardens: free Drupal 7 site
http://www.drupalgardens.com/

Why Structured Data in HTML

● Help machines extract relevant
data from HTML
● Can make use of this data in

amazing ways (e.g. enhanced
search results)

Structured Data in HTML
● Add or alter HTML attributes
● Syntaxes
– Microformats (@class, @rel)
– RDFa (@property, @about, @typeof, …)
– Microdata (@itemscope, @itemtype, @itemprop, …)
– RDFa 1.1 & RDFa Lite

Structured Data in HTML
● Evolution and cross-syntax influence

Schema.org
● Describe the type of your content (Person,
Event, Recipe, Product, Book, Movie, etc.)
– 290 types and counting
● Each type has a set of properties
– Common properties: name, description, image, url
– Specific properties depending on the type (see type page
on schema.org)
– 240 properties and counting

Schema.org module for Drupal
● UI instead of code
● Map your content types and fields to the
schema.org terms

http://drupal.org/project/schemaorg

Rich Snippet testing tool
● http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets

Examples in the wild
● Events
– “force11 events”: http://goo.gl/VVhNM
– DrupalCon Munich: http://goo.gl/jgMvw

● Recipes
– “delicious lemon coconut squares”: http://goo.gl/ORdl1
– Apple pie with ingredients: http://goo.gl/wCO1w

Examples in the wild
● University of Waterloo
– School of Public Health and Health Systems launch:
http://goo.gl/Df9hp

● Curling tournament calendar
– European Curling Championships 2012:
http://goo.gl/YXgXl
– World Women’s Curling Championships 2013:
http://goo.gl/BDNZW

Schema.org module

● http://drupal.org/project/schemaorg
– Download module (beta)
– Documentation on drupal.org
– Screencast + examples

Schema.org module

Play time!

http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets

History of RDF in Drupal
● rdf.php (2000, Dries)
● FOAF, vCard (2004, walkah)
● Relationship (2005, dman)
● Semantic Search (2006, hendler)
● RDF (2007, Arto)
● OpenCalais (febbraro, 2008)
● RDF CCK (2008, scor)

Drupal 7 and RDF
● Drupal 7 core is RDFa enabled
●
RDFa output by default on blogs, forums,
comments, etc.  using FOAF, SIOC, DC, SKOS

Architecture
● User driven data model
● Content type => RDF class
● Field => RDF property
● Node => RDF resource

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oriente_Station_Lisboa_roof.jpg

Drupal 7 and RDF
● Contributed module for more features
● RDF Extensions
● Serialization formats: RDF/XML, Turtle, N-Triples
● SPARQL
● Expose Drupal RDF data in a SPARQL Endpoint
● SPARQL Views
● Display remote RDF data in Drupal using SPARQL
● JSON-LD
● Expose Drupal RDF data as JSON-LD (CORS-enabled)
● Features and packaging
● Build distributions / deployment workflow

SPARQL Endpoint
● Indexing

http://drupal.org/project/sparql

SPARQL Endpoint
● Public endpoint available at /sparql
● http://prefix.cc/sioc,rnews.sparql

JSON-LD in Drupal
● Client side as well as server side friendly
● Browser Scripting:
– Native javascript format
– RDFa API in the DOM
● Data can be fetched from anywhere:
– Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) enabled
● Client can mash data
● http://drupal.org/project/jsonld

RDFa 1.1
● RDFa Lite
● RDFa 1.1 Full
● http://rdfa.info/play/

Demos
rNews / SPARQL

PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX rnews: <http://iptc.org/std/rNews/2011-10-07#>

SELECT * WHERE {
?s a rnews:Article;
dc:title ?title.
}

Demos
● Occupy Directory
– http://directory.occupy.net/occupations
– JSON-LD: http://directory.occupy.net/node/19652.jsonld

● Federated General Assembly
– Drupal distribution for occupy movement
– http://wiki.occupy.net/wiki/Federated_General_Assembly

D OM E O : a web-based tool for
semantic annotation of online
documents

As (biomedical) scientists…
• We deal with an increasing amount of
digital resources (documents, images,
videos, datasets, databases… )
• We commonly use annotation but…
– are we really efficient?
– can we leverage machine computation?
– can we share it easily with our
colleagues?
– can we capitalize on the work of
colleagues?

Annotation Framework
(C omponents)
• A nno ta tion O ntolog y (A O ): O WL ��
vocabulary for representing and sharing
annotation of digital resources and their
fragments
– Website http:/purl.org/ home
/ ao/
– P aper http:/www.jbiomedsem.com/
/ content/ S 2/ 4
2/ S

• D O M E O c lient: web application for
producing and sharing manual, semi-
automatic and automatic annotation
– Website http:/annotationframework.org
/
– P aper http:/www.jbiomedsem.com/
/ content/ S 1/ 1
3/ S

Annotation of digital resources

Visually and effectively annotate - better
semantically annotate - any digital resource
and resource fragment, while performing our
regular browsing/ reading activities

http:/ antibodyregis try.org/
/ antibody17/antibodyform.html?
gui_type=advanced&ab_id=2266850

antibodyregistry.org

Leverage text mining and
community curation
R un text mining and entities recognition
algorithms on scientific documents and
persist the results in a standard format
B enefit from crowdsourcing by supporting
curation of manual and automatic annotation

… and more
• E fficiently search and reuse the annotation
– S emantic inference
• S ubscribe to feeds related to topics of
interest
– P roteins, C ells, Authors, P apers…
• R etrieve additional content (mashups)
– E ntrez gene, UniP rot, …

S emantic tagging through
ontologies

S emantic Tag
http:/ purl.obolibrary.org/
/ obo/ R _000004168
P
Label ‘amyloid beta A4 protein’
E xact synonyms ‘AP P ’, ‘amyloidogenic glycoprotein’, …
R elated S ynonyms ‘A4’, ‘AB P P ’,

Is a
http:/ purl.obolibrary.org/
/ obo/ R _000000001
P
Label ‘protein’
D efinition ‘An amino acid chain that… ’

S ource: P rotein Ontology (P R O )
https:/ pir5.georgetown.edu/
/ wiki/ R O
P

AP P s for the S emantic R esources P roject, M ay 2010

Zooming in

AP P s for the S emantic R esources P roject, M ay 2010

Annotation O ntology (AO )
O WL�� vocabulary for representing and sharing
annotation of digital resources and their fragments
Not only for biomedicine!

–Website http:/purl.org/ home
/ ao/
–P aper http:/www.jbiomedsem.com/
/ content/ S 2/ 4
2/ S

A simplified view of AO
AO allows to annotate:
R es o urc es : D ocuments (HTM L, P D F, Word, E xcel), Images,
D atabases, Web S ervices... (and their fragments)
 S pecifying (or not) an:
A nno ta tio n Type : through one of the already available
types (errata, highlight, qualifiers...) or the ones the users
will define.
With (or without) a:
Topic : free text, structured text, UR Is, R D F entities,
R D F graphs, domain ontologies…
Tracing:
P rovena nc e : who created what, when, with which
software, with what expectations…

AlzS WAN: http:/tinyurl.com/
/ 18r

Annotating a document

Annotating a document
fragment

P rotein O ntology – P R O : http:/ purl.org/
/ obo/owl/ R O
P

E xperiments
Workflows
HyQ ue
triples

S WAN O ntology 2.0: http:/ code.google.com/ swan-ontology/
/ p/

Annotation O ntology Network

B iotea

The Living D ocument
P roject

Open Annotation Community Group
Annotation O ntology is going to be replaced
in our applications by the O pen Annotation
M odel developed through the W3C Open
Annotation C ommunity Group

–Website http:/www.w3.org/
/ community/openannotation/
–C ore M odel http:/www.openannotation.org/
/ spec/core/
–E xtensions
http:/www.openannotation.org/
/ spec/extension/

D O M E O: D ocument M etadata
Organizer

S emantic Tags or Q ualifiers [1]

D omeo and the NC B O
Annotator

annotator-service
D omeo allows automatic/ manual annotation with
terms coming from selected ontologies managed by
the B ioP ortal

http:/ www.bioontology.org/
/

R unning NC BO Annotator

Additional text mining services
will be listed here

NC BO Annotator R esults in
D omeo

List of recognized
entities

R esults C uration

C ustomizable

C umulative R esults C uration

One item only
All instances with the same text match
All instances independently from the text
match

S erialization in AO / D F (S hare)
R

UIM A, C lerezza and AO

E valuating P erformance
C omparing Algorithms
Learning
…

Text
Curated
M ining
R esults
AO R D F Text
M ining
R esults

Applications
AO R D F P ublishing

http:/ www.slideshare.net/
/ paolociccarese/domeo-and-text-mining

Combining'Disparate'Sources'of'Data'

h[p://annota7onframework.org/!

Demos
● Domeo + Drupal
– Data mash up from independent, but related sources

Thanks!

● Stéphane Corlosquet: scorlosquet@gmail.com
– @scorlosquet
– http://openspring.net/

● Paolo Ciccarese: paolo.ciccarese@gmail.com

�ݺ�ߣ

Drupal and the semantic web - SemTechBiz 2012

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