Dysphagia.pdf
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Dysphagia refers to any difficulty swallowing. It has many potential causes including neurological disorders like stroke, muscular disorders, esophageal issues, and cancers. Clinical features depend on where the difficulty occurs - oropharyngeal dysphagia may cause coughing or choking while swallowing, while esophageal dysphagia causes symptoms after swallowing like food getting stuck. Diagnosis involves tests like barium swallows or endoscopy depending on symptoms and risk factors. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, minimizing aspiration risk, and ensuring adequate nutrition.
Dysphagia.pdf
- 1. Dysphagia:Any Difficulty swallowing. 3. I havengeanceasarecentinitiatingtheanswer the Esophagus towards the stomach. 3.5 Motility. Relatedshagia werewears Paine * Aphagia- snability to swallow xody no-phagia painful swallowing. Etiology or causes of Dysphagia 8 - A = sro-Pharyngeal 揃- ReedDysphagia, * Neurological Disorderthe Can 2 - Brain tumor DYS Phagi a I swai e -Stroke 3 - Neuro-Degenrative Diseases 揃 Parkinson Disease 揃 Al-zheimer Disease * Muscular Disorders 1- Progressive Muscular Dystrophies 2= Myasthenia grav is natural hagia, insection of sustain inthe 揃 Epiglottixis 揃 Acute tonsillit is 揃 MucoSitis caused by Radiation therapy or Chemotherapy 2- ovo-Pharyngeal cancer 3- Zenker Diverticulum * GFRD B-Esophageal Dysphagininein * [SoPLageal hypermobility Disorders x Esophagitis * Esophageal webs * [SoPhaSeal Rings "SchatzkiRing" * EsoPhaSeal Cancer X Esophageal Divertical um * As condition"crown Disease" x thyro-megaly X cardiac DYsPhagia * Hiatal hern; a
- 2. Clinical features of Dysphagia, - A- ora-Pharyngeal Dysphagia- Difficulty Initiating swallowing 揃 may be Associated with coughing or a choking Nasal Regurgitation 揃 Re current Pneumonia aspiration 揃 voice changes B-EsoPhageal DysPhagia :.simptoms occur seconds after swallowing 揃 Sensation of food getting stuck within the Esophagus The features for malignancy as the underlying etiology. &GS Bleeding Clematemisis, melena, Anemials a 2. Weight loss 3 50 years I 4 symptom Progression 24 months A 3 Recurrent vomiting 6 Mx. of cancer Diagnosis of Dysphagia.- A- oro-Pharyngeal Dysphagia -> Modified Barium Swallow B-Esophageal DYS Phagia -> Patient with Red flag or Patient > Soy- Endoscopy Patient >50 Y with no Red flags-4W Acid Suppression therapy PPI, He Al C. Neuro-smaging (Stroke, tumor or Neuro-Degenerative Diseases) before Endo ScaPY. CT, MR ?, PFT,X-Ray D- Lab. Studies (Auto-sumune, Inflammatory ( Treatment of DyPhagia:- - focus on symptom control, minimize aspiration Risk and ensure Adequate Nutrition. 5 - Swallowing Rehabilitation - minimize Aspiration Risk 51-Optimization of nutrition (Dief Modifications "May be include Temporary NO tube feeding In Patient with Acute stroke 151 - Mansement underlying cause Pharmacotherapy,PPI, HeAnas, Botox injections, steroids, opioids complication of DYSPhagia:- * Aspiration Pneumonia * cough * Malnutrition [ Surgical a main any in its mini syyyyniniji, yi * Anorexia * Choking