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eapplesson1.pptx English for academic and professional purposes
- 1. English for Academic and Professional Purposes Senior High School Applied - Academic Unit 1: The Nature of Academic Texts Lesson 1 Academic Language used from Various Disciplines
- 2. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT An academic text is a written language that provides information, which contain ideas and concepts that are related to the particular discipline 2
- 3. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Academic Text 3 They also include information from credible sources which are, in turn, properly cited. They also include a list of references used in developing the academic paper.
- 4. Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 4 1. Differentiate language used in academic texts from various disciplines. 2. Determine the structure of a specific academic text. 3. Explain the specific ideas contained in various academic texts. 4. Use knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs. 5. Use various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts.
- 5. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 1. What is the easiest writing assignment you have done so far? 2. How about the most difficult writing assignment you have done? 3. Based on your answer, what do you think is academic writing and its differences from other kinds of writing? Essential Questions 5
- 6. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT The Academic Disciplines Structure The basic structure that is used by an academic text is consist of three (3) parts introduction, body, and conclusion which is formal and logical. This kind of structure enables the reader to follow the argument and navigate the text. In academic writing a clear structure and a logical flow are imperative to a cohesive text. 6
- 7. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT The Academic Disciplines 7 Tone This refers to the attitude conveyed in a piece of writing. The arguments of others are fairly presented and with an appropriate narrative tone. When presenting a position or argument that disagrees with ones perspectives, describe the argument accurately without loaded or biased language.
- 8. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT The Academic Disciplines 8 Language It is important to use unambiguous language. Clear topic sentences enable a reader to follow your line of thinking without difficulty. Formal language and the third person point-of-view should be used. Technical language appropriate to area of study may also be used, however, it does not mean using big words just for the sake of doing so.
- 9. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT The Academic Disciplines 9 Thesis-driven The starting point of an academic text is a particular perspective, idea or position applied to the chosen research problem, such as establishing, proving, or disproving solutions to the questions posed for the topic.
- 10. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Features of Academic Texts: 10 1. Complex - Written language has no longer words, it is lexically more varied vocabulary. - Written texts are shorter and the language has more grammatical complexity, including more subordinate clauses and more passives. 2. Formal - Should avoid colloquial words and expressions. 3. Precise - Facts are given accurately and precisely.
- 11. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Features of Academic Texts: 11 4. Objective - has fewer words that emphasize on the information you want to give and the arguments you want to make - mostly use nouns (adjectives), rather than verbs (adverbs) 5. Explicit - It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related. 6. Accurate - Uses vocabulary accurately - Most subjects have words with narrow specific meanings
- 12. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Features of Academic Texts: 12 7. Hedging - It is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject, or the strength of the claims you are making. 8. Responsible - You must be responsible for and must be able to provide evidence and justification for any claims you make. 9. Organize - Well-organized. - It flows easily from one section to the next in a logical fashion.
- 13. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Features of Academic Texts: 13 10. Plan - Well-planned. - It usually takes place after research and evaluation, according to specific purpose and plan.
- 14. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 1. To locate a main idea; 2. To scan for information; 3. To identify gaps in existing studies; 4. To connect new ideas to existing ones; 5. To gain more pieces of information; 6. To support a particular writing assignment; and, 7. To deeply understand an existing idea Purposes in Reading an Academic Text 14
- 15. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 1. State critical questions and issues; 2. Provide facts and evidence from credible sources; 3. Use precise and accurate words while avoiding jargon; 4. Take an objective point of view; 5. List references; and, 6. Use cautious language. Factors to Consider in Writing Academic Text 15
- 16. Tips 16 As you encounter different articles and texts in your classes, take note of the vocabulary and jargon used in various disciplines. Doing so can help you be more familiar with them should you re-encounter them.
- 17. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Example 2 Below are examples of how a discipline frames the topic of social media. Natural and Applied Sciences: Which programming language is best used in creating a social media website? Social Sciences: How can instances of cyberbullying in social media be reduced? The Academic Disciplines 17
- 18. Remember 18 There are many differences in academic writing, from cited sources to the narrative tone or the voice used by the writer. Always keep an open mind and an observant eye when reading different academic texts.
- 19. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Connections across Disciplines The disciplines are not so different in their development and purpose. Disciplines were developed and designed to help us make sense of our world and its phenomena. 19
- 20. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Knowledge is gained when a practitioner can build on a previously established body of work from their discipline. Research requires you to use sources that touch on a similar topic or line of thinking that you are studying. Connections across Disciplines 20
- 21. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Pay attention to details in your different classes to see if you can find similarities and connections between them. You can become better at knowing how your specialization can fit with the rest of the world. Connections across Disciplines 21
- 22. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Articulating Different Positions in Academic Writing All disciplines already have a number of debates, studies, and the like that have been going on for years. There are existing binary oppositions in each discipline that can help you make more sense of the different issues and topics you might encounter. 22
- 23. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT It might seem that certain binary oppositions are more suited to a particular discipline, but it is not impossible for these binaries to be applied elsewhere. Articulating Different Positions in Academic Writing 23
- 24. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Example Business: surplus - shortage Humanities: theism - atheism Natural and Applied Sciences: logic - faith Social Sciences: hope - despair Articulating Different Positions in Academic Writing 24
- 25. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 1. Choose a chapter or lesson from another subject you are currently taking. 2. Take the time to read it once more, this time taking note of the focus, vocabulary, techniques, and formatting that is used. 3. Then, answer the following questions. 25
- 26. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 1. What kind(s) of questions are being asked? 2. What issues are being tackled or discussed? 3. How does the chapter/lesson discuss or share information from its discipline? 26
- 27. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Questions 1. What fields can be found under the discipline of the humanities? 2. What fields can be found under the discipline of the social sciences? 27
- 28. ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT How can binary oppositions help you in your academic writing? Question 28
- 29. Wrap Up Academic disciplines have different branches with their own vocabularies, styles, and modes of communication. Connections can always be found between the different academic disciplines. 29
- 30. Wrap Up Binary oppositions can help you understand issues and problems youll encounter in any discipline. 30
- 31. Bibliography 31 Exploring Academic Disciplines. ER Services. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-jeffersoncc-styleguide/chapter/exploring-acad emic-disciplines/ Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Academic Writing Style. Research Guides. Accessed February 20, 2020. https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/academicwriting. Purdue Writing Lab. Writing in Psychology Overview. Purdue Writing Lab. Accessed February 20, 2020. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/writing_in_the_social_sciences/writi ng_in_psychology_experimental_report_writing/index.html . Writing in the Humanities. Lumen Learning. Accessed February 20, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-writing/chapter/writing-in-the-humaniti es/ . Writing in the Natural and Social Sciences: The Research Paper and the IMRAD Model. Lumen Learning. Accessed February 20, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-writing/chapter/writing-in-the-natural-a nd-social-sciences-the-research-paper-and-the-imrad-model/
Editor's Notes
- #2: Articles Published in scholarly journals, this type of academic text offers results of research and development that can either impact the academic community or provide relevance to nation building. Theses, Dissertations These are personal researches written by a candidate for a college or university degree.
- #6: Using imperatives in writing can be a powerful tool to create a cohesive text by providing clear instructions or directives to the reader. ORGANIZING INFORMATION- imparatives can be used to organized information within a text. For instance first, then . Provides a clear sequence of steps for the reader to follow.
- #7: Overall the tone in academic text sets the expectation for how information is presented and received in scholarly communication. It emphasizes clarity, objectivity, and professionalism to engage readers and convey complex ideas effectively.
- #9: Overall a thesis driven approach in writing emphasizes the importance of central argument that guides the structure , content and development of the text. By focusing on clear thesis statement and building cohesive argument, writers can create persuasive and well-structured pieces of writing that engage readers and effectively convey their ideas.
- #27: Answers: The fields under the discipline of the humanities are art, creative writing, languages, literature, music, philosophy, religion, and theater. The fields under the discipline of the social sciences are anthropology, education, geography, history, law, political science, psychology, and sociology.
- #28: Model Answer: Binary oppositions are often good guides in understanding the many issues and debates that are already active in our chosen disciplines. In being more familiar with binary oppositions, especially those my discipline is concerned with, I can be guided by them when writing my arguments and presenting my evidence in my papers.