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Earth’s layers

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The Earth is divided into three main layers based on their composition and density: 1. The crust is the solid, outermost layer made of silica and oxygen. It varies in thickness from 5-60 km. 2. Below the crust lies the mantle, the largest layer made of hot, soft rock reaching 2900 km thick. It is divided into the upper and lower mantle. 3. The innermost layer is the core, separated into a liquid outer core made mostly of iron and responsible for Earth's magnetic field, and a solid inner core of iron and nickel.

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Earth’s Layers SC Standard 8-3.1 Summarize the 3 layers of Earth on the basis of relative position , density and composition.
Earth is divided into 3 basic layers: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core These layers are then subdivided into smaller layers.
CRUST : •Is the outermost layer on the earth. (EGG SHELL) •Thickness varies. Under mountains it can be as thick as 60 km and less than 5 km under the ocean. •It is the least dense of all the layers. (lightest layer) •It is made up of silicon and oxygen.
2 TYPES OF CRUST : • Oceanic crust is very dense, made of Basalt. • Continental crust is less dense, made of Granite.
GRANITE BASALT
MANTLE : • Located below the crust. (Egg White) • It is the largest layer (about 2900 km thick). Rock layers are movable. (plastic) • Hot soften rocks made up of more magnesium and iron. • Density increases with depth due to increase in pressure.
MANTLE : Divided into 2 parts • Upper mantle • Lower mantle. • Contains the “Moho” (Mohorovicic discontinunity)
CORE : (Egg Yolk) • Located below the Mantle. • It is divided into 2 layers Outer Core Inner Core
Outer Core : • is liquid and is made up of mostly iron (easily magnetized) • The movement of materials in the liquid O.C. is inferred to be the cause of Earth’s magnetic field! (highlight in your notes) • The O.C. is about 2250 km thick.
Inner Core : • Is the center of the Earth – 1200 km thick. • It’s solid iron and nickel. Most dense layer (heaviest) (highlight in notes) • The increased pressure causes the I.C. to be solid
In your notes lets draw together a diagram of the Earth. CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE
Earth’s layers
Look at the sub-layers of the mantle LITHOSPHERE: • This is the “crunchy” layer of the Earth. • It includes the crust and the very uppermost part of the upper Mantle ASTHENOSPHERE: • Soft – can bend like plastic, layer in the upper portion of the mantle • It is located right below the Lithosphere. Lithosphere floats on this layer (like jello)
Lithosphere CRUST Asthenosphere MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE
In Review: 1.What are the 3 main layers of the Earth? Crust, Mantle, Core 2.Which layer is the least dense? Crust 3.Which core layer is solid iron and nickel? Inner core 4.What is the name given to the “crunchy” layer of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle? Lithosphere 5. The motion in this layer is the reason Earth has a magnetic field. Outer core

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Earth’s layers

  • 1. Earth’s Layers SC Standard 8-3.1 Summarize the 3 layers of Earth on the basis of relative position , density and composition.
  • 2. Earth is divided into 3 basic layers: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core These layers are then subdivided into smaller layers.
  • 3. CRUST : •Is the outermost layer on the earth. (EGG SHELL) •Thickness varies. Under mountains it can be as thick as 60 km and less than 5 km under the ocean. •It is the least dense of all the layers. (lightest layer) •It is made up of silicon and oxygen.
  • 4. 2 TYPES OF CRUST : • Oceanic crust is very dense, made of Basalt. • Continental crust is less dense, made of Granite.
  • 6. MANTLE : • Located below the crust. (Egg White) • It is the largest layer (about 2900 km thick). Rock layers are movable. (plastic) • Hot soften rocks made up of more magnesium and iron. • Density increases with depth due to increase in pressure.
  • 7. MANTLE : Divided into 2 parts • Upper mantle • Lower mantle. • Contains the “Moho” (Mohorovicic discontinunity)
  • 8. CORE : (Egg Yolk) • Located below the Mantle. • It is divided into 2 layers Outer Core Inner Core
  • 9. Outer Core : • is liquid and is made up of mostly iron (easily magnetized) • The movement of materials in the liquid O.C. is inferred to be the cause of Earth’s magnetic field! (highlight in your notes) • The O.C. is about 2250 km thick.
  • 10. Inner Core : • Is the center of the Earth – 1200 km thick. • It’s solid iron and nickel. Most dense layer (heaviest) (highlight in notes) • The increased pressure causes the I.C. to be solid
  • 11. In your notes lets draw together a diagram of the Earth. CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE
  • 13. Look at the sub-layers of the mantle LITHOSPHERE: • This is the “crunchy” layer of the Earth. • It includes the crust and the very uppermost part of the upper Mantle ASTHENOSPHERE: • Soft – can bend like plastic, layer in the upper portion of the mantle • It is located right below the Lithosphere. Lithosphere floats on this layer (like jello)
  • 14. Lithosphere CRUST Asthenosphere MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE
  • 15. In Review: 1.What are the 3 main layers of the Earth? Crust, Mantle, Core 2.Which layer is the least dense? Crust 3.Which core layer is solid iron and nickel? Inner core 4.What is the name given to the “crunchy” layer of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle? Lithosphere 5. The motion in this layer is the reason Earth has a magnetic field. Outer core