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Colorado Software Summit: October 24 – 29, 2004 © Copyright 2004, IBM Corporation
Chris Laffra — Eclipse Visualization and Performance Monitoring Page 1
Eclipse Visualization and
Performance Monitoring
Chris Laffra
IBM Ottawa Labs
http://eclipsefaq.org/chris

Roadmap
Introduction
Introspection
Java Spider
Visualization
Profiling
Conclusions

Introduction
Eclipse is a massive framework
Learning curve may be steep
How to make sense from 100s of plug-ins
Key to understanding performance are
insights into operating systems, Java
language, and all constructs above
Management of limited resources

Eclipse Concepts

Introspection
To find out what happens in Eclipse, use:
The platform core tools:
• www.developerworks.ibm.com search for ‘Kehn’
A debugger and step into and over methods
Insert System.out.println() calls
A Java profiler based on JVMPI
• JProbe/Yourkit/Hyades/XRay, etc.
A tool/classloader that instruments bytecodes
• AOSD: weave in a concern
• Eclipse monitor based on JikesBT (IBM alphaworks)

Inspect Eclipse: Runtime Spy
Part of
Eclipse
core
Tools
Shows
Plug-in
Load order

Inspect Eclipse: Java Spider
Written by Erich Gamma and Kent Beck
http://www.javaspider.org

Profiling: JVMPI and JVMTI
JVMPI – Java VM Profiling Interface
VM runs slower – less aggressive JIT
Must be able to generate events on demand
JVMPI agent can turn on/off any event at will
Makes VM design less clean
JVMTI – Java VM Testing Interface
Uses bytecode instrumentation done by VM
Choose ahead of time what you want to trace
Clean VM design
May completely confuse JIT

The Cost of Profiling
All profiling processes are intrusive
JVMPI reduces JIT and may completely
change the behavior of the target
Instrumentation can be equally distorting
Sampling technique are less intrusive, but
provide only hot spots and have a hard time
to provide call hierarchies, etc.
Summary: use profiler output only as a hint
to start looking at trouble spots

Profiling Eclipse: Products
OptimizeIt
Quantify
JProbe
Yourkit

Profiling Eclipse: Open Source
Eclipse Profiler (SourceForge)
EJP (SourceForge)
Hyades (Eclipse project)

Profiling Eclipse: XRay
Modeled after “Task Manager”
Low Overhead – Enabling Daily Use
Show Indicators in one Single Graph,
Allow Human Brain to Observe Patterns
Generate Reports with Screendumps

XRay: Vital Statistics
CPU% of
process
Heap Use
in MB
Disk Read
and Write
Windows
Handles
Burn Rate
in MB/s
Combined Graph
Showing CPU,
burn rate, Disk
I/O, Plugin Load,
GC, and Total
Live Objects
Thread View
Showing Activity
Per Thread If It
did Something in
the second shown
Report Area
Showing Details
when a time slot
is selected in
main Graph

XRay: Plug-in Profiling
1
2
3 4
7
1. Browse top-down or
bottom-up
2. Move focus from Plug-
ins to methods
3. Find “Hot” Plug-ins
4. Find “Hot” Callers

XRay: Plug-in Profiling
Data sorted on a plug-in level so a user can
more easily identify their code
Two modes of drilling down:
Find out for a given plug-in who is calling you
Find out all the plug-ins called by your plug-in
Search methods by name and top 1000
Data: CPU time, #calls, #news,
#classloads, bytes read, bytes written

XRay: Comparing 2 Runs
Visual
differentiation
cues
Filtration
mechanism
Concrete
relative
figures

XRay: Finding Methods
Enter
‘ActionSet’
Finds all
methods and
sorts by CPU
Clicking on a
result to show
method in
Profile Tree and
Method Details.

XRay Example:
1. Load empty
workbench
2. Switch to Java
Perspective
(first time)
3. Create a new
Project (first
project). This
triggers Java
indexing and
types caching
(reads rt.jar)
1
.
2
.
3
.

Visualization
Experience has shown that best technique is
to use bytecode instrumentation
Approach is special classloader that takes
bytecodes and inserts extra code
Could use BCEL, JikesBT, or other tools
Need to cache the result to improve startup
time for future runs
May need a process to instrument all Eclipse

JikesBT – Quick Overview
Bytecode represented
as a graph
Makes it very easy to
add calls anywhere
Expensive process,
explodes class file
into complex Java
structure with many
Strings

Interesting Events?
Entering a method
Value of method parameters
Creation of new objects
Call to a method which is known to be
outside of instrumented code
Leaving a method (with return value)

Applet Dashboard Example
Hijack the IE AppletClassloader
Add ability to suspend, kill, trace, and rehost them
Weave in concern to detect network access

Domain-specific Visualization
Take a ‘model’ and add a new ‘view’ by adding a
new concern
Good: Does not
complicate
original code
Allows for
specialized
representations
and control

Howto: Eclipse Visualization
Adding visualization to Eclipse:
Add a new OSGi adaptor to Eclipse
Overload the ‘defineClass’ method:
• Obtain instrumented code from cache, or
• Use bytecode instrumentation
• Call super.defineClass on the result
Implement runtime loaded by bootloader
Connect visualizer to runtime

Eclipse Visualization
Showing Plug-ins when
they are loaded
Indicate activity and
interaction between
plug-ins
Light-weight, little
overhead
Allows for drilling down
into specific plug-ins

1. Filter plug-ins to show
methods traces
2. See time stamps
3. Method names
4. Argument values
5. Call to other plug-ins
6. Object creation
7. Return values

Inspect the entire
Java heap
See what plug-in
objects are
created and when
Inspect values
Find memory
leaks

Simple extension point and wizard allow for
custom visualization.
2 samples: Profiler and Eclipse Disco

Performance Tips
Use the right tools:
Profiler, instrumentation, or System.out
Be Lazy: Avoid “touching” plug-ins, classes
and static initializers (avoid class loading)
Avoid doing things until you really have to
Some things are much slower than others
Don’t go overboard (use 90/10 rule & focus)
Most importantly: Don’t over-generalize!!!

Slow Things in Eclipse/Java
Bad Algorithms. Linear Algorithms.
Deep recursion (due to Java stack)
Things like Hashtable/Vector (synchronized).
Use HashMap/ArrayList instead
Class Loading and Initialization
Lots of object creation/garbage collection
I/O (buffer your reading/writing). Always
test on a ‘cold’ disk.

Slow Things in Eclipse/Java
Method calls (compared to Field access)
Flexible, object-oriented architectures (do
you really need that design pattern here?)
JNI calls (calling them, not running them)
Complex UIs (avoid multiple refreshes) –
GEF is known for deeply recursive layout
Too many threads

Fast Things in Eclipse/Java
Local variables, fields, loops, arrays
Exception clauses (try-catch)
Small code
Running JNI calls or native (AOT) code
Native widgets (think SWT vs. Swing)
Anything that avoids class loading (plug-in
activation, and disk access)
Fastest code is code that is not executed

Final Wise Words
“Simplicity and elegance are
unpopular because they
require hard work and
discipline to achieve and
education to be appreciated.”
-- Edsger Dijkstra

References
http://eclipse.org
http://eclipsefaq.org

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Eclipse Visualization and Performance Monitoring

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