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Eco 104 abt

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Md Shah Ahsan Leon
Md Shah Ahsan Leon

The document discusses labor force participation rates in Bangladesh based on data from tables 2.4 and 2.5. It finds that participation rates vary by age and gender, starting low for those aged 15-19 and generally increasing until ages 50-54 for males and 45 for females, after which they decline. Participation is also impacted by marital status, with never-married males having the lowest rates and married males the highest. The top five employment sectors for males are agriculture, wholesale/retail trade, transport, and manufacturing, while for females they are agriculture, services, manufacturing, wholesale/retail trade, and education. Lower female participation and wages are attributed to less education, physical strength, and household/social responsibilities

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Answer to the question no. 1 According to the data of the table 2.4, labor force participation rate for the period of 1999-2000,for male and female jointly and separately varies with the age group. Because when they start working in the age of 15 they are inexperienced and their physical capability is not perfect as demand but as they grow they are more experienced by their work and they are more physically eligible for work. They have more energy which can help them to complete their task. When they grow more like in the age of 60 to 63 they are more experienced but they are physically not capable like before. As a result their participation rate will be reduced. Actually their participation rate starts reducing at the age of 50 to53 but at a low rate. Graph: Work force participation rate 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ M & F Male Female
In the graph we can see that participation rate in the age group of 15-19 is lowest for male and female jointly and separately and their participation rate is increasing with their age. But in the age of 50 for male and 45 for female their participation rate start reducing. But in the age of 60 to 63 their participation rate is in decline situation. Answer to the question No.2 According to the table 2.5, At a national level, Marital Status has an impact on the LFPR of men and women. The highest female LFPR is for women who have never married, whereas never married men have a much lower LFPR than married men. Married men have the highest LFPR, while married women have the lowest LFPR of the two marital status groups.
Answer to the question No.3 Top 5 sectors that employ the most no. of male labor 1. Agri, forestry & related 50.2 2. Wholesale & retail trade 16.7 3. Transport, storage, communication service 7.7 4. Manufacturing 7.4 5. Communication and personal service, household & others 3.9 Top 5 sectors that employ the most no. of female labor 1. Agri, forestry & related 45.6 2. Communication and personal service, household & others 18.8 3. Manufacturing 17.7 4. Wholesale & retail trade 6.3 5. Education 3.8
In Bangladesh education rate of male is higher than female and also female are not physically strong than male. Beside that some social and religious responsibility and female are also closely related with household works than male. These are the main reason of differences. Answer to the question No.4 (a) The wages rates for female workers are much lower than those for male workers in Bangladesh (refer table 6.1). The ratio between the male and female wage rate increased in the rural/agricultural sector from 1.4 in 1989 to 1.8 in 1995-96 and was still 1.8 in 1999-2000.In rural area, the wages rates for men have grown much more dramatically than the female wages. In urban areas,, the male-female wage ratio declined –it was 2.2, 1.7 and 1.4 in 1989, 1995-96 and1999-2000. During this ten year period there was a rise in job opportunities for women in urban areas, which was instrumental in raising female wage rates. This rise may be due to increase in skill, experience and educational levels of female. (b) There are several reasons for the low wage rates of woman like less bargaining power, social factors, job segmentation etc. Less bargaining power means they can’t bargain with their boss for their own rights, benefits and compensation.
There are also some social factors in Bangladesh which are the barriers to get the appropriate wage like women are dominated by men for years to years and if they say something about it they will be tortured by physically and mentally.

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Eco 104 abt

  • 1. Answer to the question no. 1 According to the data of the table 2.4, labor force participation rate for the period of 1999-2000,for male and female jointly and separately varies with the age group. Because when they start working in the age of 15 they are inexperienced and their physical capability is not perfect as demand but as they grow they are more experienced by their work and they are more physically eligible for work. They have more energy which can help them to complete their task. When they grow more like in the age of 60 to 63 they are more experienced but they are physically not capable like before. As a result their participation rate will be reduced. Actually their participation rate starts reducing at the age of 50 to53 but at a low rate. Graph: Work force participation rate 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ M & F Male Female
  • 2. In the graph we can see that participation rate in the age group of 15-19 is lowest for male and female jointly and separately and their participation rate is increasing with their age. But in the age of 50 for male and 45 for female their participation rate start reducing. But in the age of 60 to 63 their participation rate is in decline situation. Answer to the question No.2 According to the table 2.5, At a national level, Marital Status has an impact on the LFPR of men and women. The highest female LFPR is for women who have never married, whereas never married men have a much lower LFPR than married men. Married men have the highest LFPR, while married women have the lowest LFPR of the two marital status groups.
  • 3. Answer to the question No.3 Top 5 sectors that employ the most no. of male labor 1. Agri, forestry & related 50.2 2. Wholesale & retail trade 16.7 3. Transport, storage, communication service 7.7 4. Manufacturing 7.4 5. Communication and personal service, household & others 3.9 Top 5 sectors that employ the most no. of female labor 1. Agri, forestry & related 45.6 2. Communication and personal service, household & others 18.8 3. Manufacturing 17.7 4. Wholesale & retail trade 6.3 5. Education 3.8
  • 4. In Bangladesh education rate of male is higher than female and also female are not physically strong than male. Beside that some social and religious responsibility and female are also closely related with household works than male. These are the main reason of differences. Answer to the question No.4 (a) The wages rates for female workers are much lower than those for male workers in Bangladesh (refer table 6.1). The ratio between the male and female wage rate increased in the rural/agricultural sector from 1.4 in 1989 to 1.8 in 1995-96 and was still 1.8 in 1999-2000.In rural area, the wages rates for men have grown much more dramatically than the female wages. In urban areas,, the male-female wage ratio declined –it was 2.2, 1.7 and 1.4 in 1989, 1995-96 and1999-2000. During this ten year period there was a rise in job opportunities for women in urban areas, which was instrumental in raising female wage rates. This rise may be due to increase in skill, experience and educational levels of female. (b) There are several reasons for the low wage rates of woman like less bargaining power, social factors, job segmentation etc. Less bargaining power means they can’t bargain with their boss for their own rights, benefits and compensation.
  • 5. There are also some social factors in Bangladesh which are the barriers to get the appropriate wage like women are dominated by men for years to years and if they say something about it they will be tortured by physically and mentally.