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Ecology 3

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This document discusses limiting factors in ecology. It defines limiting factors as any environmental factor that limits the growth, metabolic processes, or distribution of organisms through its increase, decrease, absence, or presence. Limiting factors are classified as density independent, such as natural disasters or temperature, or density dependent, like competition or disease. The document also outlines three laws of limiting factors: Liebig's Law of the Minimum, which states that growth is regulated by the scarcest resource; Blackman's Law, which says that multiple factors regulate biological processes; and Shelford's Law of Tolerance, which describes the zone of tolerance and intolerance for organisms.

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By thename of Allah The most Beneficent and Merciful 1 1
LIMITING FACTORS 2
Content A. Other names B. Meaning C. Definition D. Classification E. Concept/Laws F. Temperature as limiting factor 3
A. Other Names Limiting resources Ecological factors Construing factors 4
B. Meaning Latin word; Limitare..to bound factusdone/made 5
C. Definition Any environmental factor that by decrease,increase,absence or presence limits the growth,metabolic process or distribution of organisms or population. 6
D. Classification Density independent factors Factors that limit population size,regardless of population density. They are usually abiotic. Examples: natural disaster,temperature,sunlight,behavior,human activities,etc. Density dependent factors Factor that depends on number of members in population per unit area. They are usually biotic. Examples: competition,predator/prey relationship,disease,crowding,etc. 7
E. Concepts/Laws of limitingfactors 1. LAW OF MINIMUM/LEIBEGS LAW: Introduction: Carl sprenged developed a law,later popularized by Leibeg. Statemant: Growth is regulated by limited factors i.e;resources in scarcity and not by resources in abundance. Origination of law: Originated after studying and observing the crop and plant growth..The study reveal that if we increase the nutrients supply already present in enough amount,it does not affect the plant growthmeans no further growth occurs. 8
2. BLACKMANS LAW: Introduction: Blackman was plant physiologist . Statement: Stated that a number of factors regulating the biological processes but the factors in different amount affect the process on whole. Example: Any of factor if present in scarcity will affect the rate of photosynthesis. 9
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3. LAW OF TOLERANCE/SHELFORDS LAW Statement: stated that its only a factor present in limit that also excess of that some factor can affect growth,development of organism or rate of biological process. Explanation: every factor has its own maximum and minimal limits in every organism and zone of tolerance is range b/w these two limits. Based on this,environmental factors have two zones I. zone of tolerance II. zone of intolerance 11
Two environmental zones Zone of tolerance Any organism grows best in this zone which is favourable for its development. Types: optimum critical minimum critical maximum Zone of intolerance This is unfavourable zone for growth and development of organism. Varies from organism to organism. 12
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Ecology 3

  • 1. By thename of Allah The most Beneficent and Merciful 1 1
  • 3. Content A. Other names B. Meaning C. Definition D. Classification E. Concept/Laws F. Temperature as limiting factor 3
  • 4. A. Other Names Limiting resources Ecological factors Construing factors 4
  • 5. B. Meaning Latin word; Limitare..to bound factusdone/made 5
  • 6. C. Definition Any environmental factor that by decrease,increase,absence or presence limits the growth,metabolic process or distribution of organisms or population. 6
  • 7. D. Classification Density independent factors Factors that limit population size,regardless of population density. They are usually abiotic. Examples: natural disaster,temperature,sunlight,behavior,human activities,etc. Density dependent factors Factor that depends on number of members in population per unit area. They are usually biotic. Examples: competition,predator/prey relationship,disease,crowding,etc. 7
  • 8. E. Concepts/Laws of limitingfactors 1. LAW OF MINIMUM/LEIBEGS LAW: Introduction: Carl sprenged developed a law,later popularized by Leibeg. Statemant: Growth is regulated by limited factors i.e;resources in scarcity and not by resources in abundance. Origination of law: Originated after studying and observing the crop and plant growth..The study reveal that if we increase the nutrients supply already present in enough amount,it does not affect the plant growthmeans no further growth occurs. 8
  • 9. 2. BLACKMANS LAW: Introduction: Blackman was plant physiologist . Statement: Stated that a number of factors regulating the biological processes but the factors in different amount affect the process on whole. Example: Any of factor if present in scarcity will affect the rate of photosynthesis. 9
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  • 11. 3. LAW OF TOLERANCE/SHELFORDS LAW Statement: stated that its only a factor present in limit that also excess of that some factor can affect growth,development of organism or rate of biological process. Explanation: every factor has its own maximum and minimal limits in every organism and zone of tolerance is range b/w these two limits. Based on this,environmental factors have two zones I. zone of tolerance II. zone of intolerance 11
  • 12. Two environmental zones Zone of tolerance Any organism grows best in this zone which is favourable for its development. Types: optimum critical minimum critical maximum Zone of intolerance This is unfavourable zone for growth and development of organism. Varies from organism to organism. 12
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