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Into the Depths
We’ve all watched as the unwitting
hero of a horror movie is about to walk
through a darkened hallway and
wanted to yell. ― don’t go in there! Are
you crazy?‖ but what well you do if it
was you?

The next scenario leads us into that
dark world, where the line of simple
thrills and actual fear is blurred.

You are in an old, abandoned building for
years and have discovered a staircase
leading underground. Slowly you make
your way down. Counting the step as you
go. One step…two…how many steps is it
to the bottom of the stairs?

The underground room is pitch black. Then,
from the darkness you hear the from one
another. Is the person weeping softly.
Moaning wordlessly? Or is it a voice
speaking it to you

How do you react on hearing the sound of
this person? Do you try to search the
source ? Is your first instinct to run up
without looking back? Or are you paralyzed
with fear and frozen where you are
standing.

You hear a person now calling your name
and see a figure descending from the light
at the top of the stairs. Who is that person
coming down the stairs?

Key to ― into the depths‖
Abandoned buildings and underground
rooms are highly symbolic of buried
memories and old psychological scars. All
of us have had an experience we’d rather
not recall or a heart-break we thought we’d
forgotten. But the memory is not so easily
erased, and the things we hoped to forget
linger for longer than we’d like to admit.
Your responses to this situation show how
you deal with painful memories of the past.

* The number of steps to the bottom of the
stairs indicates the impact of the
psychological scars you are bearing.
* The sounds you heard out of the
darkness reveal how you got through bad
experiences in your past.
* Your reactions to the sounds in the
darkness shows how you deal with painful
aspects of you own past
* The person who appeared at the top of
the stairs calling your name is someone
you feel you can rely on in times of trouble.

Eidetic memory
Photographic Memory

The word eidetic, referring to extraordinarily
detailed and vivid recall not limited to, but
especially of, visual images,

Come from the Greek
word εἶδος (pronounced [êːdos eidos, "seen") ]
],

 is a medical term, popularly defined as the ability
to recall images, sounds, or objects
in memory with extreme precision and in
abundant volume.

 a person with photographic memory
will precisely recall visual information,
a person with eidetic memory is not
limited to merely visual recall –
theoretically they can recall other
aspects of the event including sensory
information that
is visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory,
and olfactory, as well as other
dimensions.

Andriy Slyusarchuk,

a Ukrainian professor from Lviv, has been reported to
have memorized up to 30 million places
of pi. Although he did not recite them all, the reports
stated that he could recite any randomly selected
sequences
Akira Haraguchi became the person to recite the first
83,431 decimal integers of pi from his memory in July
2, 2005.

John von Neumann

Hungarian-mathematician could recite exactly
word for word any books he had read, including
page numbers and footnotes - even of books he
had read decades earlier.

Sergei Rachmaninov,
 a composer and pianist can recall a musical score after sight reading
twice

 Stephen Wiltshire is able to draw a skyline in detail after a single
helicopter ride

Swami Vivekananda

 was able to memorize ten volumes of
the encyclopedia in only a few days

Kim Peek

 has memorized over 8600 books and has an
encyclopedic knowledge of geography, music, literature,
history, sports and 9 other subjects. Kim Peek is able to
read extremely rapidly by simultaneously scanning 1
page with the left eye while scanning the other page with
the right eye.

Elizabeth
memory documents her writing out poetry in a
foreign language, of which she had no prior
knowledge, years after seeing the original text
 Using her right eye, she looked for several minutes
at a 100 x 100 grid of apparently random dots —
10,000 dots in all. The next day, using her left eye,
she looked at a second grid of 100 x 100 dots. She
then mentally merged this grid with the
remembered one into a 3-D image that most
people needed a stereoscopic viewer and both
grids to see. Reportedly she could recall eidetic
images of a million dots for as much as four hours.

One type of eidetic memory as observed in
children is typified by the ability of an
individual to study an image, for
approximately 30 seconds, and maintain a
nearly perfect photographic memory of that
image for a short time once it has been
removed—indeed such eidetickers claim to
"see" the image on the blank canvas as
vividly and in as perfect detail as if it were
still there.

Does Eidetic or
Photographic Memory
Really Exist?

Researchers and other scientists said that
eidetic memory is a myth because..

The existence of extraordinary
memory skills is reasonably well-
documented, and appears to result
from a combination of innate skills,
learned tactics, and extraordinary
knowledge bases

They believe that those people who
claim to have an eidetic memory
actually simply have a close attention
to detail, an ability to recall things
more vividly than others and a set of
tricks that increases their ability to
remember things

Individuals capable of superior memory were
tested and many were found not to possess
eidetic imagery

A study done by Degroot shows that some
individuals are highly skilled at organizing
information- not actually reproducing the
images they see.

In his study, chess players were asked to
reconstruct certain arrangements of pieces
on a chessboard after looking at the
arrangement for a brief period of time. It
was found that the performance level of an
expert chess player would drop to that of a
novice when the pieces were arranged in a
way that would never actually occur in a
game.

The initially high performance level of the
experts was not due to eidetic imagery;
they were simply able to better organize
and therefore remember the information
because the arrangements could be
associated with pre-existing knowledge of
chess .
 Although some write off eidetic memory as
the ability to organize vast amounts of
information, others have found that this
ability cannot be used to explain all the
cases studied.

Mnemonic Techniques and
Specific Memory Tricks to
improve memory,
memorization

ACRONYMS.
You form acronyms by using each first
letter from a group of words to form a new
word. This is particularly useful when
remembering words in a specified order.
Acronyms are very common in ordinary
language and in many fields.

For example:
LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation).

SENTENCES/ACROSTICS.
Like acronyms, you use the first letter of each
word you are trying to remember. Instead of
making a new word, though, you use the
letters to make a sentence. Here are some
examples:
• My Dear Aunt Sally (mathematical order of
operations: Multiply and Divide before you Add
and Subtract)
• Kings Phil Came Over for the Genes
Special (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
Genus, Species)

RHYMES & SONGS.

 Rhythm, repetition, Do you remember learning the alphabet?

 Many children learn the letters of the alphabet to the tune of
"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star." melody, and rhyme can all aid
memory.

METHOD OF LOCI

 This technique was used by ancient orators to
remember speeches, and it combines the use of
organization, visual memory, and association.
Before using the technique, you must identify a
common path that you walk. This can be the walk
from your dorm to class, a walk around your
house, whatever is familiar. What is essential is
that you have a vivid visual memory of the path
and objects along it.

Once you have determined your path,
imagine yourself walking along it, and
identify specific landmarks that you will
pass. For example, the first landmark on
your walk to campus could be your dorm
room, next may be the front of the
residence hall, next a familiar statue you
pass, etc. The number of landmarks you
choose will depend on the number of things
you want to remember

 Once you have determined your path and
visualized the landmarks, you are ready to use
the path to remember your material. This is done
by mentally associating each piece of
information that you need to remember with one
of these landmarks. For example, if you are
trying to remember a list of mnemonics, you
might remember the first--acronyms--by picturing
SCUBA gear in your dorm room (SCUBA is an
acronym).
 You do not have to limit this to a path. You can
use the same type of technique with just about
any visual image that you can divide into specific
sections. The most important thing is that you
use something with which you are very familiar.

CHUNKING
 This is a technique generally used when remembering
numbers, although the idea can be used for
remembering other things as well. It is based on the
idea that short-term memory is limited in the number of
things that can be contained.
 When you use "chunking" to remember, you decrease
the number of items you are holding in memory by
increasing the size of each item. In remembering the
number string 64831996, you could try to remember
each number individually, or you could try thinking
about the string as 64 83 19 96 (creating "chunks" of
numbers). This breaks the group into a smaller number
of "chunks." Instead of remembering 8

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Eidetic psych104

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