Ekonomik ve parasal birlik

Jun 8, 2012Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes1,273 views

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Avrupa Birliği’nde Ekonomik ve
Parasal Birlik

Merve Hökelek

Euro;

•20. Yüzyılın en önemli gelişmelerinden biri.

•Avrupa birleşik Devletlerine doğru atılmış
önemli bir adım.

Parasal Birlik;

• Sermaye hareketlerine koyulan kısıtlamanın
ortadan kaldırılması

• Ulusal paraların birbirine çevriminde işlem
maliyetlerinin ortadan kaldırılması

• Döviz kuru birliğinden başlayıp tek paraya kadar
uzanan tüm aşamaları kapsar.

Parasal Birliğin Aşamaları

• Döviz kurlarında birlik sağlanması

• Ortak fon mekanizmasının işletilmesi

• Ekonomi politikalarının eşgüdümünün sağlanması

• Tek merkez bankasının faaliyette bulunması

• Üye ülkelerde tek paranın dolaşıma sürülmesi

Optimum Para Sahası Teorisi ve Parasal
Birlik
• Ortak para biriminin uygulanacağı bölgenin özellikleri ne
olacak?

• Üye ülkelerin ekonomik yapıları benzer olmalı

• Üye ülkeler asimetrik dış şoklarla karşılaşmamalı

• Üye ülkelerin birbiriyle önemli ticaret partneri olmalı

• Ülkenin ulusal gelirleri içinde dış ticaretin önemli bir payı
olmalı

Parasal Birliğin Üye Ülke Ekonomileri
Üzerinde Etkisi
• İşlem maliyetlerinin ortadan kalkması

• Döviz kuru belirsizliğinin ortadan kalkması

• Döviz kuru istikrarının fiyat mekanizmasının
etkinliğini sağlaması

• Ekonomik büyüme

Olumsuz Etkiler

• Üye ülkelerin bağımsız para politikası izleme
olanağını kaybetmesi

• Üye ülkelerin ortak para sahası koşullarında
farklılıklar sergilemesi

Madrid Zirvesi

• Tek para uygulamasına geçişin takvimi
belirlenmiştir

• Tek paranın isminin “euro” olması kararı
alınmıştır.

Avrupa Merkez Bankası

•Nihai hedefi euro alanında fiyat
istikrarı sağlamaktır

•Resmi olarak euro bölgesi para
politikasını 1 Ocak 1999’da
yürütmeye başlamıştır

Euro’nun Türkiye’ye Etkileri

• Fiyatlamada euroya geçilmiştir

• Sahteciliğin azaldığı söylenebilir

• Maastricht kriterleri gibi yeni hedefler karşımıza
çıkmıştır

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Ekonomik ve parasal birlik

1. Avrupa Birliği’nde Ekonomik ve Parasal Birlik Merve Hökelek

2. Euro; •20. Yüzyılın en önemli gelişmelerinden biri. •Avrupa birleşik Devletlerine doğru atılmış önemli bir adım.

3. Parasal Birlik; • Sermaye hareketlerine koyulan kısıtlamanın ortadan kaldırılması • Ulusal paraların birbirine çevriminde işlem maliyetlerinin ortadan kaldırılması • Döviz kuru birliğinden başlayıp tek paraya kadar uzanan tüm aşamaları kapsar.

4. Parasal Birliğin Aşamaları • Döviz kurlarında birlik sağlanması • Ortak fon mekanizmasının işletilmesi • Ekonomi politikalarının eşgüdümünün sağlanması • Tek merkez bankasının faaliyette bulunması • Üye ülkelerde tek paranın dolaşıma sürülmesi

5. Optimum Para Sahası Teorisi ve Parasal Birlik • Ortak para biriminin uygulanacağı bölgenin özellikleri ne olacak? • Üye ülkelerin ekonomik yapıları benzer olmalı • Üye ülkeler asimetrik dış şoklarla karşılaşmamalı • Üye ülkelerin birbiriyle önemli ticaret partneri olmalı • Ülkenin ulusal gelirleri içinde dış ticaretin önemli bir payı olmalı

6. Parasal Birliğin Üye Ülke Ekonomileri Üzerinde Etkisi • İşlem maliyetlerinin ortadan kalkması • Döviz kuru belirsizliğinin ortadan kalkması • Döviz kuru istikrarının fiyat mekanizmasının etkinliğini sağlaması • Ekonomik büyüme

7. Olumsuz Etkiler • Üye ülkelerin bağımsız para politikası izleme olanağını kaybetmesi • Üye ülkelerin ortak para sahası koşullarında farklılıklar sergilemesi

8. Madrid Zirvesi • Tek para uygulamasına geçişin takvimi belirlenmiştir • Tek paranın isminin “euro” olması kararı alınmıştır.

9. Avrupa Merkez Bankası •Nihai hedefi euro alanında fiyat istikrarı sağlamaktır •Resmi olarak euro bölgesi para politikasını 1 Ocak 1999’da yürütmeye başlamıştır

10. Ulusal Paraların Dönüşümü

11. Euro Alanı

12. Euro’nun Türkiye’ye Etkileri • Fiyatlamada euroya geçilmiştir • Sahteciliğin azaldığı söylenebilir • Maastricht kriterleri gibi yeni hedefler karşımıza çıkmıştır

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Ekonomik ve parasal birlik

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