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ELECTRICAL SAFETY. For Education PPT.pdf

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Electrical Safety

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1 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Systems & International Practices V. Venugopala Rao 19th June,2009
2 Statistics † World’s Major Accidents † Causes
3
4 FIRE DAMAGED GODOWN
5 CAUSES OF FIRE ACCIDENTS † Electrical Faults - 22% † Arson - 10% † Hot Work - 13% † Hot Surfaces - 9% † Smoking - 9 % † Friction, Heat, and Sparks - 7% † Spontaneous Combustion - 5% † Static Sparks -2% † Lightning - 1% † Chemical Action -1% † Miscellaneous -Balance (Sparks , Molten , Burners etc. )
6 SYSTEMS & PRACTICES
7 Strategies † Engineering Standardization † Compliance to Statutes as Bare Minimum Requirement † Updating on BATNEEC (Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost) † Aim to Achieve Best International Practices † Knowledge Improvement † Periodical Reviews
8 Unsafe Practices „ Bypassing of RCCBs , Fuses, MCBs etc. „ Earthing defects „ Accessible live parts „ Electrical rubber mats „ Wrong identification of equipment / feeders „ Defective electrical portable tools
9 Multiple Group of Cables & Excessive Cabling † ``If several cables are laid side by side, the spacing between them should be carefully maintained otherwise their current carrying capacities may be seriously effected.’’
10 Work Practices † Selection, procurement of standard equipment † Approved Work Practices † Identification & Labeling † Cable Jointing † HT& LT work by competent persons † Use of approved portable equipment † Use of RCCBs for socket outlets for Portable electrical tools † Effective Earthing System † Lockout & Tag out Procedures † Shrouding of Panels † Padlocking the panels
11 Work Practices (contd) † Use of Positive Interlocks † International Colour Coding Practices † Lightening Protection † Appropriate Cable Routing † Provision of Drawings near Panels
12 Work Practices (contd) „ Storage of combustible materials near electrical equipment / fuse units „ Direct supply from socket „ No Master Isolation Switch outside warehouses „ Improper cable joint procedures / Taped joints „ Earthing defects „ Use of non-standard fuse wires „ Bypassing of protection devices „ Deteriorated insulation
13 Work Practices (Contd) „ Unused openings in live panels, etc. „ Possibility of ground fault / short circuit „ No mechanical protection to cables „ Loose terminations due to improper supports, crimping „ Improper gland installation, wrong lug size eg.in flammable areas. „ Over-rated fuses, wrongly set protection relays, etc
14 Circuit Line Diagrams „ Unauthorized Temporary Installations? „ Updated? „ SLD reflects the actual installation? „ Duly approved by statutory authorities?
15 Portable Electrical Equipment † Use of double Insulated tools / 110V supply † Identification of all equipment † Separate Register for cables, extention leads, domestic & office equipment † RCCB on all socket outlets to ensure disconnection within 0.4 seconds. † Record of monthly testings † Regular checks by competent person once in 6 months † Control of storage ,issue,& usage
16 Work on Electrical Installations † Isolation of equipment with isolators locked † Work on high voltage with authorized persons only † Presence of 2 fully competent persons † Cordoning of area † All work must be fully documented with modifications noted
17 Earthing „ Installation as per approved design? „ Installation and Maintenance as per IS 3043? „ Earth resistance measured periodically? „ Test procedure „ Acceptable earth resistance values „ Is the earthing system modified when electrical installation is modified? „ Are neutral earth pits independent and separate? „ Are earth pits identified? „ Are two and distinct earth connections provided? „ Is the earth continuity tested? „ Is bonding and earthing carried out to avoid ES hazards?
18 Lightning Protection „ Lightning protection system as per IS 2309? „ Numbers of down conductors direct and adequate? „ All the structures and building under the zone of protection? „ While reviewing lightning protection, both the plan and elevation of structures, etc. considered? „ Earthing for the electrical and lightning systems Sepearte „ Storage tanks / chimneys and other special structures protected? „ Earth electrodes- maintenance / periodic tests / acceptable value „ Awareness of basic concepts of lightning such as types of lightning, predictability factor, protection concepts, etc
19 Hazardous Areas „ Hazardous areas classified as per IS 5572? „ Electrical equipments maintained as per IS 2148 and IS 13346? „ Review of area classification in case of process change / plant modification, etc. „ Approval of area classification drawings as per statutory rules „ Maintenance of flame-proof equipments „ Use of ordinary electrical equipment in hazardous areas „ Awareness of O&M personnel about hazardous area and flame-proof equipments
20 Statutory Compliance • Applicability of Rules • Compliance to inspector’s reports • Submission of accident intimation reports, forms, etc. in time • Intimation of inspector before energizing new / changed electrical installation
21 Electrical Preventive Maintenace „ EPM programme in place? „ Is the programme implemented? What is the slippage? „ Are the relevant standards (statutes and non-statutory) referred and incorporated in the EPM programme? „ Electrical Tests, Records, Test Procedure and periodicity (earth resistance, insulation resistance tests) „ EPM programme only documented? „ Transformer tests (dielectric strength, acidity, sludge deposits, dissolved gases, etc.) and periodicity „ Periodic calibration of meters (ammeter, voltmeter, relays, temperature gauges) and test instruments (insulation resistance megger, earth resistance megger, multi-meters, etc.)
22 Review of Electrical Accidents „ Every accident / near-miss electrical accidents investigated in detail? „ Root cause identified and included in the APP (Accident Prevention Programme)? „ Are the recommendations incorporated in the O&M procedures/ work permit „ Are these accident causes given importance in safety training sessions? „ Are the hazard identification techniques such as job safety analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, etc. utilized?
23 Energy Conservation † Adoption of Energy Efficient Units. Eg. Electroflow,Variable Frequency Drives † Mechanical & Electrical Preventive Maintenance systems especially bearings & alignment of M/Cs † Energy Saving Practices
24 Checklist „ Are the necessary PPEs (Personal Protective Equipments) used? „ Interlocks provided for multiple power sources? „ Is the interlocking system in place? „ Are MCC (Motor Control Centers) / PCCs (Power Control Centers) / DBs (Distribution Boards) maintained to avert flash incidents? „ Operational clearance as per IER 51 „ Tripping hazards due to loose cabling/cords, etc. „ Adequacy of illumination in electrical rooms/around panels, DBs, etc. „ Stand-by power supply (Diesel Generator set) Electrical Hazards
25 Clause in Purchase Order ``The Party should comply with the Environment ,Health & Safety Requirements attached to this PO,relevant to their supply of Machinery/equipment’’
26 Contractor Controls † Safety Checks of Contractors’ tools † Incorporating EHS Clause in Work Order and Acknowledgement ``The Contractor should comply with all Environment ,Health & Safety requirements of the company and local statutory regulations at the work site and they deem to accept this clause upon undertaking the work .’’
27 Important International Recommendations † Electrical systems are to be surveyed and the results documented at least every five years. † High voltage systems must be surveyed and the results documented at least every four years. † All electrical systems are to be fitted with the best international safeguards, critical systems must be checked monthly and documented. † All modifications and additional systems are to be approved and documented. † Electrical work must only be carried out by authorised electrical personnel. † Portable electrical, including personal and contractors, equipment must be approved, registered, coded and checked at least once per year.
28 Standards for Reference † Indian Standards published by BIS,India † British Standards published by BSI,UK † Regulations from The Institution of Electrical Engineers,UK † National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) † National Electrical Safety Codes (ANSI/IEEE C2) IEE Wiring Regulations - BS 7671 † Earthing † British Standard Code of Practice for Earthing - BS 7430 from the British Standards Institution † The Safe use of Portable Electrical Apparatus Guidance Note PM 32 from the HSE † UK Electricity at Work Regulation, 1989 † UK Memorandum of Guidance on the Electricity at Work Regulations, 1989
29 Thank You V.Venugopalarao In case of any queries /consultation ,please contact On Mobile : +91-98480 21365

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ELECTRICAL SAFETY. For Education PPT.pdf

  • 1. 1 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Systems & International Practices V. Venugopala Rao 19th June,2009
  • 2. 2 Statistics † World’s Major Accidents † Causes
  • 3. 3
  • 5. 5 CAUSES OF FIRE ACCIDENTS † Electrical Faults - 22% † Arson - 10% † Hot Work - 13% † Hot Surfaces - 9% † Smoking - 9 % † Friction, Heat, and Sparks - 7% † Spontaneous Combustion - 5% † Static Sparks -2% † Lightning - 1% † Chemical Action -1% † Miscellaneous -Balance (Sparks , Molten , Burners etc. )
  • 7. 7 Strategies † Engineering Standardization † Compliance to Statutes as Bare Minimum Requirement † Updating on BATNEEC (Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost) † Aim to Achieve Best International Practices † Knowledge Improvement † Periodical Reviews
  • 8. 8 Unsafe Practices „ Bypassing of RCCBs , Fuses, MCBs etc. „ Earthing defects „ Accessible live parts „ Electrical rubber mats „ Wrong identification of equipment / feeders „ Defective electrical portable tools
  • 9. 9 Multiple Group of Cables & Excessive Cabling † ``If several cables are laid side by side, the spacing between them should be carefully maintained otherwise their current carrying capacities may be seriously effected.’’
  • 10. 10 Work Practices † Selection, procurement of standard equipment † Approved Work Practices † Identification & Labeling † Cable Jointing † HT& LT work by competent persons † Use of approved portable equipment † Use of RCCBs for socket outlets for Portable electrical tools † Effective Earthing System † Lockout & Tag out Procedures † Shrouding of Panels † Padlocking the panels
  • 11. 11 Work Practices (contd) † Use of Positive Interlocks † International Colour Coding Practices † Lightening Protection † Appropriate Cable Routing † Provision of Drawings near Panels
  • 12. 12 Work Practices (contd) „ Storage of combustible materials near electrical equipment / fuse units „ Direct supply from socket „ No Master Isolation Switch outside warehouses „ Improper cable joint procedures / Taped joints „ Earthing defects „ Use of non-standard fuse wires „ Bypassing of protection devices „ Deteriorated insulation
  • 13. 13 Work Practices (Contd) „ Unused openings in live panels, etc. „ Possibility of ground fault / short circuit „ No mechanical protection to cables „ Loose terminations due to improper supports, crimping „ Improper gland installation, wrong lug size eg.in flammable areas. „ Over-rated fuses, wrongly set protection relays, etc
  • 14. 14 Circuit Line Diagrams „ Unauthorized Temporary Installations? „ Updated? „ SLD reflects the actual installation? „ Duly approved by statutory authorities?
  • 15. 15 Portable Electrical Equipment † Use of double Insulated tools / 110V supply † Identification of all equipment † Separate Register for cables, extention leads, domestic & office equipment † RCCB on all socket outlets to ensure disconnection within 0.4 seconds. † Record of monthly testings † Regular checks by competent person once in 6 months † Control of storage ,issue,& usage
  • 16. 16 Work on Electrical Installations † Isolation of equipment with isolators locked † Work on high voltage with authorized persons only † Presence of 2 fully competent persons † Cordoning of area † All work must be fully documented with modifications noted
  • 17. 17 Earthing „ Installation as per approved design? „ Installation and Maintenance as per IS 3043? „ Earth resistance measured periodically? „ Test procedure „ Acceptable earth resistance values „ Is the earthing system modified when electrical installation is modified? „ Are neutral earth pits independent and separate? „ Are earth pits identified? „ Are two and distinct earth connections provided? „ Is the earth continuity tested? „ Is bonding and earthing carried out to avoid ES hazards?
  • 18. 18 Lightning Protection „ Lightning protection system as per IS 2309? „ Numbers of down conductors direct and adequate? „ All the structures and building under the zone of protection? „ While reviewing lightning protection, both the plan and elevation of structures, etc. considered? „ Earthing for the electrical and lightning systems Sepearte „ Storage tanks / chimneys and other special structures protected? „ Earth electrodes- maintenance / periodic tests / acceptable value „ Awareness of basic concepts of lightning such as types of lightning, predictability factor, protection concepts, etc
  • 19. 19 Hazardous Areas „ Hazardous areas classified as per IS 5572? „ Electrical equipments maintained as per IS 2148 and IS 13346? „ Review of area classification in case of process change / plant modification, etc. „ Approval of area classification drawings as per statutory rules „ Maintenance of flame-proof equipments „ Use of ordinary electrical equipment in hazardous areas „ Awareness of O&M personnel about hazardous area and flame-proof equipments
  • 20. 20 Statutory Compliance • Applicability of Rules • Compliance to inspector’s reports • Submission of accident intimation reports, forms, etc. in time • Intimation of inspector before energizing new / changed electrical installation
  • 21. 21 Electrical Preventive Maintenace „ EPM programme in place? „ Is the programme implemented? What is the slippage? „ Are the relevant standards (statutes and non-statutory) referred and incorporated in the EPM programme? „ Electrical Tests, Records, Test Procedure and periodicity (earth resistance, insulation resistance tests) „ EPM programme only documented? „ Transformer tests (dielectric strength, acidity, sludge deposits, dissolved gases, etc.) and periodicity „ Periodic calibration of meters (ammeter, voltmeter, relays, temperature gauges) and test instruments (insulation resistance megger, earth resistance megger, multi-meters, etc.)
  • 22. 22 Review of Electrical Accidents „ Every accident / near-miss electrical accidents investigated in detail? „ Root cause identified and included in the APP (Accident Prevention Programme)? „ Are the recommendations incorporated in the O&M procedures/ work permit „ Are these accident causes given importance in safety training sessions? „ Are the hazard identification techniques such as job safety analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, etc. utilized?
  • 23. 23 Energy Conservation † Adoption of Energy Efficient Units. Eg. Electroflow,Variable Frequency Drives † Mechanical & Electrical Preventive Maintenance systems especially bearings & alignment of M/Cs † Energy Saving Practices
  • 24. 24 Checklist „ Are the necessary PPEs (Personal Protective Equipments) used? „ Interlocks provided for multiple power sources? „ Is the interlocking system in place? „ Are MCC (Motor Control Centers) / PCCs (Power Control Centers) / DBs (Distribution Boards) maintained to avert flash incidents? „ Operational clearance as per IER 51 „ Tripping hazards due to loose cabling/cords, etc. „ Adequacy of illumination in electrical rooms/around panels, DBs, etc. „ Stand-by power supply (Diesel Generator set) Electrical Hazards
  • 25. 25 Clause in Purchase Order ``The Party should comply with the Environment ,Health & Safety Requirements attached to this PO,relevant to their supply of Machinery/equipment’’
  • 26. 26 Contractor Controls † Safety Checks of Contractors’ tools † Incorporating EHS Clause in Work Order and Acknowledgement ``The Contractor should comply with all Environment ,Health & Safety requirements of the company and local statutory regulations at the work site and they deem to accept this clause upon undertaking the work .’’
  • 27. 27 Important International Recommendations † Electrical systems are to be surveyed and the results documented at least every five years. † High voltage systems must be surveyed and the results documented at least every four years. † All electrical systems are to be fitted with the best international safeguards, critical systems must be checked monthly and documented. † All modifications and additional systems are to be approved and documented. † Electrical work must only be carried out by authorised electrical personnel. † Portable electrical, including personal and contractors, equipment must be approved, registered, coded and checked at least once per year.
  • 28. 28 Standards for Reference † Indian Standards published by BIS,India † British Standards published by BSI,UK † Regulations from The Institution of Electrical Engineers,UK † National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) † National Electrical Safety Codes (ANSI/IEEE C2) IEE Wiring Regulations - BS 7671 † Earthing † British Standard Code of Practice for Earthing - BS 7430 from the British Standards Institution † The Safe use of Portable Electrical Apparatus Guidance Note PM 32 from the HSE † UK Electricity at Work Regulation, 1989 † UK Memorandum of Guidance on the Electricity at Work Regulations, 1989
  • 29. 29 Thank You V.Venugopalarao In case of any queries /consultation ,please contact On Mobile : +91-98480 21365