ºÝºÝߣ

ºÝºÝߣShare a Scribd company logo

Electrical safety training

?Download as PPTX, PDF?
?
Tarkeeb
Tarkeeb

This document provides an overview of electrical safety training. It describes how electricity works and the risks of electrical shock and injury. Key points include: - Electricity travels in closed circuits and shock occurs when the body becomes part of the circuit - Electrical current can cause burns, internal injuries, and involuntary muscle contractions - Even low voltages pose a hazard as muscular contractions may prevent releasing contact - Ground faults are the most common type of shock, which GFCIs can help prevent - Following safety practices like grounding equipment, avoiding power lines, and inspecting cords can help reduce electrical risks.

1 of 19
Downloaded 397 times
Electrical Safety Training TARKEEB Health and Safety Presentations INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS INSTALLATION TARKEEB
Page ? 2 Objectives By the end of the course you will be able to:- ? Describe how electricity works ? Describe how shocks occur ? Describe how electrical current affects the body ? Describe the most common ways individuals are injured using electricity ? Provide solutions to avoid being injured while using electricity
Page ? 3 How Electricity Works? Operating an electrical switch is like turning on a water faucet. Behind the faucet (or switch) there is a source of water (or electricity), a way to transport it, and pressure to make it flow. The faucet's water source is a reservoir or pumping station. A pump provides enough pressure for the water to travel through the pipes. The switch's electrical source is a power generating station. A generator provides the pressure for the electrical current to travel through electrical conductors, or wires
Page ? 4 Electrical Shocks ? Electricity travels in closed circuits, normally through a conductor ? Shock results when the body becomes part of the electrical circuit ? Current enters the body at one point and leaves at another Note: Ground circuits provide a path for stray current to pass directly to the ground, and greatly reduce the amount of current passing through the body of a person in contact with a tool or machine that has an electrical short. Properly installed, the grounding conductor provides protection from electric shock
Page ? 5 How Electrical Current Affects the Body Note: some smaller microwave ovens use 10.0 Amps (10,000 milliamps) and common florescent lights use 1 Amp (1,000 milliamps) Current (Amps) Human Reaction 0.001 Perception level. Just a faint tingle. 0.005 Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average individual can let go. 0.006-0.025 (Women) Painful shock, muscular control is lost. 0.009-0.030 (Men) This is called the freezing current or "let-go" range. 0.050-0.150 Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions. 1 - 4.3 Ventricular fibrillation. 10 Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death.
Page ? 6 Burns The most common shock-related injury is a burn. Burns suffered in electrical incidents may be one or more of the following three types: ? Electrical Burns cause tissue damage, and are the result of heat generated by the flow of electric current through the body. Electrical burns are one of the most serious injuries you can receive and need to receive immediate medical attention. ? High temperatures near the body produced by an electric arc or explosion cause Arc or Flash Burns (also need prompt medical attention) ? Thermal Contact Burns occur when skin comes in contact with overheated electric equipment, or when clothing is ignited in an electrical incident.
Page ? 7 Internal Injuries ? Our bodies use small electrical currents to transmit signals through the nervous system and contract muscles, ? Extra electrical current flowing through the body can cause serious damage. ? Medical problems can include internal bleeding, tissue destruction, and nerve or muscle damage. ? Internal injuries may not be immediately apparent to the victim or observers; however, left untreated, they can result in death
Page ? 8 Involuntary Muscle Contraction ? Muscles violently contract when stimulated by excessive amounts of electricity ? These involuntary contractions can damage muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and may even cause broken bones. ? If the victim is holding an electrocuting object, hand muscles may contract, making it impossible to drop the object. Note: injury or death may result from a fall due to muscle contractions.
Page ? 9 Water and Conduction ? Conductors- Substances with relatively little resistance to the flow of electrical current (e.g., metals). ? Water- influences the conductive properties of some materials ? Dry wood is a poor conductor ? Wood saturated with water becomes a ready conductor Use extreme caution when working with electricity where there is water in the environment or on the skin.
Page ? 10 Human Skin & Resistance ? Dry Conditions Human Skin is Resistant ? Current = Volts/Ohms = 120/100,000 = 1mA (0.001A) ? Barely perceptible level of current ? Wet Conditions Skin¡¯s Resistance drops dramatically ? Current = Volts/Ohms = 120/1,000 = 120mA (0.12A) ? Sufficient current to cause ventricular fibrillation A low voltage electrocution becomes much more hazardous in a wet condition High voltage electrical energy greatly reduces the body's resistance by quickly breaking down human skin. Once the skin is punctured, the lowered resistance results in massive current flow.
Page ? 11 Low Voltage = Hazardous ? Muscular contraction caused by stimulation does not allow a victim to free himself from a circuit ? The degree of injury increases with the length of time the body is in the circuit. ? Thus even relatively low voltages can be extremely dangerous. LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT IMPLY LOW HAZARD! An exposure of 100mA for 3 seconds can cause the same amount of damage as an exposure of 900mA for .03 seconds
Page ? 12 Ground Faults A ground-fault occurs when current flowing to the load (drill, saw, etc.) does not return by the prescribed route. ? In a simple 240 volt circuit, current travels through the black (ungrounded) wire to the load and returns to the source through the white (grounded) wire. If some or all of the current does not travel back through the white wire then it has gone somewhere else, usually to ground. A person¡¯s body can act as the path to ground when a fault occurs. (The Most Common Form of Electrical Shock)
Page ? 13 Ground Faults Protection A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) works by comparing the amount of current going to and returning from equipment along the circuit conductors. When the amount going differs from the amount returning by approximately 5 milliamps, the GFCI interrupts the current within as little as 1/40 of a second. Note: A GFCI will not protect you from line contact hazards (i.e. a person holding two "hot" wires, a hot and a neutral wire in each hand, or contacting an overhead power line). However, it protects against the most common form of electrical shock hazard, the ground-fault. It also protects against fires, overheating, and destruction of wire insulation.
Page ? 14 Ground Faults Protection Use ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) on all 240-volt, single- phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacles that will be used to supply temporary power (i.e. hand tools and other portable equipment). Portable GFCIs, like this one, are available for situations where GFCI protection is not otherwise provided- Important - Plug this end directly into the electrical source, not another flexible cord Follow manufacturers' recommended testing procedure to insure GFCIs are working correctly.
Page ? 15 Grounding - How Do I Avoid Hazards ? Ground all power supply systems, electrical circuits, and electrical equipment ? Do not remove ground pins/prongs from cord- and plug- connected equipment or extension cords ? Use double-insulated tools ? Ground all exposed metal parts of equipment
Page ? 16 Avoid Contact With Power Lines ? Locate power lines in your work area before you begin working ? Prior to digging, call the local authorities to identify and mark any buried lines. ? Keep yourself and all objects at least 3 meters away from all energized power lines. ? Have power lines de-energized and grounded prior to beginning your work. ? Use non-conductive ladders (fiberglass) and other tools.
Page ? 17 Remember ? Visually inspect all electrical equipment before use. ? Remove any equipment with frayed cords, missing ground prongs, cracked tool casings, etc. from service. ? Apply a warning tag to any defective tool and do not use it until it has been properly repaired.
Page ? 18
Tarkeeb Quality Division publication Published: May 2009 Issue 1.0 Revision 0.0 Information compiled by Tarkeeb Quality Division. Copyright ? 2009 by Tarkeeb Quality Division, Integrated Solutions for Telecommunication Systems Installation - Tarkeeb, P.O.Box 235574, Head Office, DSO, Dubai, Telephone No: +971 4 3263623, Facsimile No: +971 4 3263624, Email address: qa@tarkeeb.org This publication is designed to provide information with regard to the subject matter covered. It is distributed with the understanding that the document and its contents should be used solely for information purposes. Tarkeeb holds no liability to the information contained here within nor shall be responsible for the accuracy or damage that may arise from the usage of this document. Additional copies if required should be requested from the Company Quality Division. No part of this Publication may be reproduced all or in part in any form or by any means, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from The Quality Division, Tarkeeb. Copyright notice Publication history Revision Issue Date Document reference Remarks 1.0 0.0 May 13, 2009 1st Publication

More Related Content

Electrical safety training

  • 1. Electrical Safety Training TARKEEB Health and Safety Presentations INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS INSTALLATION TARKEEB
  • 2. Page ? 2 Objectives By the end of the course you will be able to:- ? Describe how electricity works ? Describe how shocks occur ? Describe how electrical current affects the body ? Describe the most common ways individuals are injured using electricity ? Provide solutions to avoid being injured while using electricity
  • 3. Page ? 3 How Electricity Works? Operating an electrical switch is like turning on a water faucet. Behind the faucet (or switch) there is a source of water (or electricity), a way to transport it, and pressure to make it flow. The faucet's water source is a reservoir or pumping station. A pump provides enough pressure for the water to travel through the pipes. The switch's electrical source is a power generating station. A generator provides the pressure for the electrical current to travel through electrical conductors, or wires
  • 4. Page ? 4 Electrical Shocks ? Electricity travels in closed circuits, normally through a conductor ? Shock results when the body becomes part of the electrical circuit ? Current enters the body at one point and leaves at another Note: Ground circuits provide a path for stray current to pass directly to the ground, and greatly reduce the amount of current passing through the body of a person in contact with a tool or machine that has an electrical short. Properly installed, the grounding conductor provides protection from electric shock
  • 5. Page ? 5 How Electrical Current Affects the Body Note: some smaller microwave ovens use 10.0 Amps (10,000 milliamps) and common florescent lights use 1 Amp (1,000 milliamps) Current (Amps) Human Reaction 0.001 Perception level. Just a faint tingle. 0.005 Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average individual can let go. 0.006-0.025 (Women) Painful shock, muscular control is lost. 0.009-0.030 (Men) This is called the freezing current or "let-go" range. 0.050-0.150 Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions. 1 - 4.3 Ventricular fibrillation. 10 Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death.
  • 6. Page ? 6 Burns The most common shock-related injury is a burn. Burns suffered in electrical incidents may be one or more of the following three types: ? Electrical Burns cause tissue damage, and are the result of heat generated by the flow of electric current through the body. Electrical burns are one of the most serious injuries you can receive and need to receive immediate medical attention. ? High temperatures near the body produced by an electric arc or explosion cause Arc or Flash Burns (also need prompt medical attention) ? Thermal Contact Burns occur when skin comes in contact with overheated electric equipment, or when clothing is ignited in an electrical incident.
  • 7. Page ? 7 Internal Injuries ? Our bodies use small electrical currents to transmit signals through the nervous system and contract muscles, ? Extra electrical current flowing through the body can cause serious damage. ? Medical problems can include internal bleeding, tissue destruction, and nerve or muscle damage. ? Internal injuries may not be immediately apparent to the victim or observers; however, left untreated, they can result in death
  • 8. Page ? 8 Involuntary Muscle Contraction ? Muscles violently contract when stimulated by excessive amounts of electricity ? These involuntary contractions can damage muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and may even cause broken bones. ? If the victim is holding an electrocuting object, hand muscles may contract, making it impossible to drop the object. Note: injury or death may result from a fall due to muscle contractions.
  • 9. Page ? 9 Water and Conduction ? Conductors- Substances with relatively little resistance to the flow of electrical current (e.g., metals). ? Water- influences the conductive properties of some materials ? Dry wood is a poor conductor ? Wood saturated with water becomes a ready conductor Use extreme caution when working with electricity where there is water in the environment or on the skin.
  • 10. Page ? 10 Human Skin & Resistance ? Dry Conditions Human Skin is Resistant ? Current = Volts/Ohms = 120/100,000 = 1mA (0.001A) ? Barely perceptible level of current ? Wet Conditions Skin¡¯s Resistance drops dramatically ? Current = Volts/Ohms = 120/1,000 = 120mA (0.12A) ? Sufficient current to cause ventricular fibrillation A low voltage electrocution becomes much more hazardous in a wet condition High voltage electrical energy greatly reduces the body's resistance by quickly breaking down human skin. Once the skin is punctured, the lowered resistance results in massive current flow.
  • 11. Page ? 11 Low Voltage = Hazardous ? Muscular contraction caused by stimulation does not allow a victim to free himself from a circuit ? The degree of injury increases with the length of time the body is in the circuit. ? Thus even relatively low voltages can be extremely dangerous. LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT IMPLY LOW HAZARD! An exposure of 100mA for 3 seconds can cause the same amount of damage as an exposure of 900mA for .03 seconds
  • 12. Page ? 12 Ground Faults A ground-fault occurs when current flowing to the load (drill, saw, etc.) does not return by the prescribed route. ? In a simple 240 volt circuit, current travels through the black (ungrounded) wire to the load and returns to the source through the white (grounded) wire. If some or all of the current does not travel back through the white wire then it has gone somewhere else, usually to ground. A person¡¯s body can act as the path to ground when a fault occurs. (The Most Common Form of Electrical Shock)
  • 13. Page ? 13 Ground Faults Protection A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) works by comparing the amount of current going to and returning from equipment along the circuit conductors. When the amount going differs from the amount returning by approximately 5 milliamps, the GFCI interrupts the current within as little as 1/40 of a second. Note: A GFCI will not protect you from line contact hazards (i.e. a person holding two "hot" wires, a hot and a neutral wire in each hand, or contacting an overhead power line). However, it protects against the most common form of electrical shock hazard, the ground-fault. It also protects against fires, overheating, and destruction of wire insulation.
  • 14. Page ? 14 Ground Faults Protection Use ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) on all 240-volt, single- phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacles that will be used to supply temporary power (i.e. hand tools and other portable equipment). Portable GFCIs, like this one, are available for situations where GFCI protection is not otherwise provided- Important - Plug this end directly into the electrical source, not another flexible cord Follow manufacturers' recommended testing procedure to insure GFCIs are working correctly.
  • 15. Page ? 15 Grounding - How Do I Avoid Hazards ? Ground all power supply systems, electrical circuits, and electrical equipment ? Do not remove ground pins/prongs from cord- and plug- connected equipment or extension cords ? Use double-insulated tools ? Ground all exposed metal parts of equipment
  • 16. Page ? 16 Avoid Contact With Power Lines ? Locate power lines in your work area before you begin working ? Prior to digging, call the local authorities to identify and mark any buried lines. ? Keep yourself and all objects at least 3 meters away from all energized power lines. ? Have power lines de-energized and grounded prior to beginning your work. ? Use non-conductive ladders (fiberglass) and other tools.
  • 17. Page ? 17 Remember ? Visually inspect all electrical equipment before use. ? Remove any equipment with frayed cords, missing ground prongs, cracked tool casings, etc. from service. ? Apply a warning tag to any defective tool and do not use it until it has been properly repaired.
  • 19. Tarkeeb Quality Division publication Published: May 2009 Issue 1.0 Revision 0.0 Information compiled by Tarkeeb Quality Division. Copyright ? 2009 by Tarkeeb Quality Division, Integrated Solutions for Telecommunication Systems Installation - Tarkeeb, P.O.Box 235574, Head Office, DSO, Dubai, Telephone No: +971 4 3263623, Facsimile No: +971 4 3263624, Email address: qa@tarkeeb.org This publication is designed to provide information with regard to the subject matter covered. It is distributed with the understanding that the document and its contents should be used solely for information purposes. Tarkeeb holds no liability to the information contained here within nor shall be responsible for the accuracy or damage that may arise from the usage of this document. Additional copies if required should be requested from the Company Quality Division. No part of this Publication may be reproduced all or in part in any form or by any means, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from The Quality Division, Tarkeeb. Copyright notice Publication history Revision Issue Date Document reference Remarks 1.0 0.0 May 13, 2009 1st Publication