4. A great number of words of
French origin have entered
the English language to
the extent that many Latin
words have come to the
English language.
5. English contains many
words of French origin, such
as art, collage, competition,
force, machine, police,
publicity, role, table, and
many other Anglicized
French words. According to
different sources, around
30% of all English words
have a French origin. This
fact suggests that 80,000
words should appear in this
list.
6. Law and government
Church
Nobility:
Military
Cooking
Culture and luxury goods
Other
7. Law and government
Country 侫娟妍 ,
court-
佞奸嫂奸奸婉 , crime-娑奸婉妝奸婉 ,
government -娟奸媼奸嫋奸娶姨婬娶婉,
judge-佞奸嫂奸嫋娶,
noble-奸妣婉嫋奸娟奸婉,
parliament- 婪奸媼姙奸婀侫婉嫂,
prison- 妁奸婉嫂, state-
婉奸娑奸婉妝 , 婪侫嫂娶姨婬娶婉 ,
14. Also Middle English French loans: a
huge number of words in age, -ance/-
ence, -ant/-ent, -ity, -ment, -tion, con-,
de-, and pre-.
15. Sometimes it's hard to tell
whether a given word came from
French or whether it was taken
straight from Latin. Words for
which this difficulty occurs are
those in which there were no
special sound and/or spelling
changes of the sort that
distinguished French from
Latin.
pupil -Elen Mkrtchyan
16. Arabic loanwords in
English are words
acquired directly from
Arabic or else indirectly by
passing from Arabic into
other languages and then
into English.
Some of these Arabic
loanwords are not of
ancient Arabic origin, but
are loanwords within
Arabic itself, coming into
Arabic from Persian,
Greek or other languages.
17. Candy - 娟娶婉侫嫂 qandi, sugared
Arabic is from Persian qand = "cane
[sugar]", and possibly from Sanskritic
before that, since cane sugar developed in
India.
alcohol -媾婪妍嫂, 奸姙娟娶娑娶姙
,
al-kohl, finely powdered kohl
(stibnite). Crossref kohl in this list. The
meaning evolved from "very fine
granularity" to "very purified".
18. harem -娑奸侫婀
har朝m, women's quarters in a large
household. Arabic root-word means
"forbidden", and thus the word carried
the connotation of a place where men
were forbidden.
lemon -娟妍嫂娶婉
l朝m笛n, citrus fruit. The cultivation
of lemons, limes, and bitter oranges was
introduced to the Mediterranean Basin
by the Arabs in the Middle Ages. The
lemon tree's native origin appears to be
in India but the word "lemon" does not
appear to be Indian.
19. Lilac -婬奸媾奸婀奸婉
l朝lak, from Persian
lilak, variant of nilak =
blueish, from Sanskrit
nila = blue or indigo.
mummy -婀娶婀妍奸
m笛miy, embalmed
corpse; earlier, a
bituminous embalming
substance, from Persian
m笛m = wax.
20. Orange -婉奸妍婉媚
nranj, orange.
Descends from Sanskritic
nra畊ga = orange. The
orange tree came from
India.
sofa -佞妍嫋奸婉, 妁奸妣婀娶
suffah, a sofa, a
couch or bench. This
word was adopted into
Turkish and entered
Western Europe from
Turkish in the 16th
century.
21. Safari-媾奸奸妍
English is from Swahili language
safari = "journey" which is from
Arabic safar = "journey".
Sugar -娵奸奸
sukkar, sugar. Ultimately
from Sanskritic sharkara = sugar.
Among the earliest records in
English are these entries in the
account books of an abbey in
Durham: year 1302 "Zuker
Marok", 1309 "succre
marrokes", 1310 "Couker de
Marrok", 1316 "Zucar de
Cypr[us]".
22. Sumac -媾娶婀奸姚
summq , sumac, species of shrub and
the culinary spice obtained from its fruit.
In the medieval era sumac was used in
herbal medicine and in leather making
and as a dye. Seen in 10th century
Latin,and as such it is one of the earliest
loanwords on this list.
Sultan- 媾娶姙姨奸婉
Vizier- 嫋侫妣妍
Bazaar- 奸姙侫姙婬奸婉 娵娶娟奸
Caravan- 奸奸嫋奸婉
Pupil-Lena Vardanyan
23. Latin is the extinct language of the
Roman Empire. It is an Indo-
European language.
Sixty percent of the
English language comes
from Latin.
25. There are too many
borrowed words
from Latin to
include all of them
here. They can be
grouped into several
types:
26. Business and Commercial
("creditor- 婪奸嫂奸嫂侫, "agenda-
奸娟奸妝),
political ("agitator- 姚奸媼婉妍婢),
legal ("alibi- 奸姙妍妁妍 ),
signs of the Zodiac ("Scorpio-
埒奸妍娚, "Virgo - 埒娶婬媾),
place names ("Britain- 垈妍嫂奸婉妍奸,
"Germany- 坡侫婀奸婉妍奸),
names of months ("March 奸嫂,
"September- 侫婪嫂侫婀妁侫),
non-metric units of length ("mile-
婀娉娶婉, "inch- 佞婬娶婬婀)
27. The following are some of
the commonly used Latin
loanwords in English: