This document discusses liquid oral dosage forms, specifically oral solutions and suspensions. It provides details on the formulation, ingredients, advantages, and types of oral solutions and suspensions. Key points include:
- Oral solutions are liquid preparations where the active ingredient and excipients are dissolved in a solvent system. Common types are oral solutions, syrups, elixirs, and mouthwashes.
- Excipients in oral solutions include vehicles, co-solvents, surfactants, preservatives, sweeteners, and viscosity modifiers. Water is a common vehicle and glycerol, alcohols, and propylene glycol are used as co-solvents.
- Oral suspensions are dispers
This document discusses liquid oral dosage forms, specifically oral solutions and suspensions. It provides details on the formulation, ingredients, advantages, and types of oral solutions and suspensions. Key points include:
- Oral solutions are liquid preparations where the active ingredient and excipients are dissolved in a solvent system. Common types are oral solutions, syrups, elixirs, and mouthwashes.
- Excipients in oral solutions include vehicles, co-solvents, surfactants, preservatives, sweeteners, and viscosity modifiers. Water is a common vehicle and glycerol, alcohols, and propylene glycol are used as co-solvents.
- Oral suspensions are dispers
This document provides information about elixirs, including their definition, main ingredients, types, examples, formulation, preparation method, storage, advantages, disadvantages, and quality control tests. Elixirs are clear, sweetened hydro-alcoholic liquid preparations for oral use. They typically contain 5-40% ethyl alcohol, water, glycerin or propylene glycol, flavorings, and preservatives. Medicated elixirs contain active ingredients dissolved in the vehicle, while non-medicated elixirs may only contain alcohol, sweeteners, colors, and preservatives. Quality control tests for elixirs include determining the alcohol concentration and measuring viscosity.
This document provides information about elixirs, including their definition, main ingredients, types, examples, formulation, preparation method, storage, advantages, disadvantages, and quality control tests. Elixirs are clear, sweetened hydro-alcoholic liquid preparations for oral use. They typically contain 5-40% ethyl alcohol, water, glycerin or propylene glycol, flavorings, and preservatives. Medicated elixirs contain active ingredients dissolved in the vehicle, while non-medicated elixirs may only contain alcohol, sweeteners, colors, and preservatives. Quality control tests for elixirs include determining the alcohol concentration and measuring viscosity.
In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of
Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution,
drug dispensing, manufacturing of parenteral preparations, drug information, patient
counselling, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care
In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of
Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution,
drug dispensing, manufacturing of parenteral preparations, drug information, patient
counselling, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care
Elixirs are clear, sweetened liquids containing flavoring substances or active medicinal agents dissolved in water and alcohol. Their primary ingredients include alcohol, water, glycerin, preservatives, sorbital, and flavoring agents. There are two main types - non-medicated elixirs which contain no therapeutic agents, and medicated elixirs which contain active drug ingredients dissolved in the liquid. Elixirs are formulated to be stable, clear solutions and are quality controlled through tests such as measuring alcohol concentration and viscosity. They are commonly used to deliver and mask the taste of other drugs.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened liquids containing flavoring substances or active medicinal agents dissolved in water and alcohol. Their primary ingredients include alcohol, water, glycerin, preservatives, sorbital, and flavoring agents. There are two main types - non-medicated elixirs which contain no therapeutic agents, and medicated elixirs which contain active drug ingredients dissolved in the liquid. Elixirs are formulated to be stable, clear solutions and are quality controlled through tests such as measuring alcohol concentration and viscosity. They are commonly used to deliver and mask the taste of other drugs.
This document discusses aromatic waters, including their types (simple and concentrated), methods of preparation (distillation and solution), therapeutic uses, dosing, storage, and applications in aromatherapy. Aromatic waters can be used as flavoring agents, vehicles for other formulations, and have therapeutic effects when used topically or aromatically. They are versatile preparations with many uses in pharmacy, herbalism, and cosmetics.
This document discusses aromatic waters, including their types (simple and concentrated), methods of preparation (distillation and solution), therapeutic uses, dosing, storage, and applications in aromatherapy. Aromatic waters can be used as flavoring agents, vehicles for other formulations, and have therapeutic effects when used topically or aromatically. They are versatile preparations with many uses in pharmacy, herbalism, and cosmetics.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened, flavored liquid preparations intended for oral use. They contain 10-40% alcohol, which acts as a solvent and preservative. Sugar, flavorings, water, and sometimes colorings and preservatives are also included. Elixirs are either non-medicated or medicated. Non-medicated elixirs are used as flavoring agents or vehicles, while medicated elixirs contain therapeutic agents like antibiotics or sedatives. Elixirs are prepared through simple solution or admixture methods and stored away from heat and light in tightly closed containers.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened, flavored liquid preparations intended for oral use. They contain 10-40% alcohol, which acts as a solvent and preservative. Sugar, flavorings, water, and sometimes colorings and preservatives are also included. Elixirs are either non-medicated or medicated. Non-medicated elixirs are used as flavoring agents or vehicles, while medicated elixirs contain therapeutic agents like antibiotics or sedatives. Elixirs are prepared through simple solution or admixture methods and stored away from heat and light in tightly closed containers.
This document discusses the processing and ingredients of still beverages. It defines different types of still beverages like squash, crush, cordials and describes their key ingredients and specifications according to FSSAI. The main carbohydrate ingredients discussed are sucrose, invert sugar, and glucose syrups. Intense sweeteners like saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame, and sucralose are also compared. Important additional ingredients in still beverages include acids, preservatives, flavors, and colors. The document provides details on these ingredients and their typical usage levels in different still beverage products.
This document discusses the processing and ingredients of still beverages. It defines different types of still beverages like squash, crush, cordials and describes their key ingredients and specifications according to FSSAI. The main carbohydrate ingredients discussed are sucrose, invert sugar, and glucose syrups. Intense sweeteners like saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame, and sucralose are also compared. Important additional ingredients in still beverages include acids, preservatives, flavors, and colors. The document provides details on these ingredients and their typical usage levels in different still beverage products.
This document discusses three non-nutritive sweeteners: stevioside, glycyrrhizin, and thaumatin. It describes their sources, preparation methods, properties, and evaluation tests. Stevioside is extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana and is 160-170 times sweeter than sucrose. Glycyrrhizin is obtained from licorice root and has a liquorice taste. Thaumatin is a protein extracted from the fruit of Thaumatococcus danielli and is 750-1600 times sweeter than sucrose. All three are high intensity sweeteners that are used as sugar substitutes and flavor enhancers in foods and beverages.
This document discusses three non-nutritive sweeteners: stevioside, glycyrrhizin, and thaumatin. It describes their sources, preparation methods, properties, and evaluation tests. Stevioside is extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana and is 160-170 times sweeter than sucrose. Glycyrrhizin is obtained from licorice root and has a liquorice taste. Thaumatin is a protein extracted from the fruit of Thaumatococcus danielli and is 750-1600 times sweeter than sucrose. All three are high intensity sweeteners that are used as sugar substitutes and flavor enhancers in foods and beverages.
This document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It provides examples of common acids like vinegar and sulfuric acid, and bases like sodium hydroxide and baking soda. Indicators are substances that are used to test whether something is acidic or basic. Natural indicators mentioned include litmus, red cabbage juice, and turmeric paper. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in base. The document also discusses olfactory indicators that change smell in acids and bases, with vanilla given as an example. Finally, it mentions synthetic indicators like phenolphthalein and methyl orange that change color between acid and base.
This document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It provides examples of common acids like vinegar and sulfuric acid, and bases like sodium hydroxide and baking soda. Indicators are substances that are used to test whether something is acidic or basic. Natural indicators mentioned include litmus, red cabbage juice, and turmeric paper. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in base. The document also discusses olfactory indicators that change smell in acids and bases, with vanilla given as an example. Finally, it mentions synthetic indicators like phenolphthalein and methyl orange that change color between acid and base.
Tinctures are liquid extracts made using alcohol or glycerin to dissolve active compounds from plants or chemicals. Alcohol is the most common solvent as it can extract many compounds and acts as a preservative. Tinctures contain 1 part drug to 5 parts solvent and the alcohol content typically ranges from 25-60%. Common tinctures include orange, benzoin, and opium which are used for their flavoring, stimulant, and analgesic properties respectively. Tinctures are classified based on solvent, presence of active compounds, and method of administration such as oral or topical. They are prepared through maceration, percolation, or simple solution and must be properly stored, labeled, and dosed.
Tinctures are liquid extracts made using alcohol or glycerin to dissolve active compounds from plants or chemicals. Alcohol is the most common solvent as it can extract many compounds and acts as a preservative. Tinctures contain 1 part drug to 5 parts solvent and the alcohol content typically ranges from 25-60%. Common tinctures include orange, benzoin, and opium which are used for their flavoring, stimulant, and analgesic properties respectively. Tinctures are classified based on solvent, presence of active compounds, and method of administration such as oral or topical. They are prepared through maceration, percolation, or simple solution and must be properly stored, labeled, and dosed.
Digital Tools with AI for e-Content Development.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
油
This ppt is useful for not only for B.Ed., M.Ed., M.A. (Education) or any other PG level students or Ph.D. scholars but also for the school, college and university teachers who are interested to prepare an e-content with AI for their students and others.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened liquids containing flavoring substances or active medicinal agents dissolved in water and alcohol. Their primary ingredients include alcohol, water, glycerin, preservatives, sorbital, and flavoring agents. There are two main types - non-medicated elixirs which contain no therapeutic agents, and medicated elixirs which contain active drug ingredients dissolved in the liquid. Elixirs are formulated to be stable, clear solutions and are quality controlled through tests such as measuring alcohol concentration and viscosity. They are commonly used to deliver and mask the taste of other drugs.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened liquids containing flavoring substances or active medicinal agents dissolved in water and alcohol. Their primary ingredients include alcohol, water, glycerin, preservatives, sorbital, and flavoring agents. There are two main types - non-medicated elixirs which contain no therapeutic agents, and medicated elixirs which contain active drug ingredients dissolved in the liquid. Elixirs are formulated to be stable, clear solutions and are quality controlled through tests such as measuring alcohol concentration and viscosity. They are commonly used to deliver and mask the taste of other drugs.
This document discusses aromatic waters, including their types (simple and concentrated), methods of preparation (distillation and solution), therapeutic uses, dosing, storage, and applications in aromatherapy. Aromatic waters can be used as flavoring agents, vehicles for other formulations, and have therapeutic effects when used topically or aromatically. They are versatile preparations with many uses in pharmacy, herbalism, and cosmetics.
This document discusses aromatic waters, including their types (simple and concentrated), methods of preparation (distillation and solution), therapeutic uses, dosing, storage, and applications in aromatherapy. Aromatic waters can be used as flavoring agents, vehicles for other formulations, and have therapeutic effects when used topically or aromatically. They are versatile preparations with many uses in pharmacy, herbalism, and cosmetics.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened, flavored liquid preparations intended for oral use. They contain 10-40% alcohol, which acts as a solvent and preservative. Sugar, flavorings, water, and sometimes colorings and preservatives are also included. Elixirs are either non-medicated or medicated. Non-medicated elixirs are used as flavoring agents or vehicles, while medicated elixirs contain therapeutic agents like antibiotics or sedatives. Elixirs are prepared through simple solution or admixture methods and stored away from heat and light in tightly closed containers.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened, flavored liquid preparations intended for oral use. They contain 10-40% alcohol, which acts as a solvent and preservative. Sugar, flavorings, water, and sometimes colorings and preservatives are also included. Elixirs are either non-medicated or medicated. Non-medicated elixirs are used as flavoring agents or vehicles, while medicated elixirs contain therapeutic agents like antibiotics or sedatives. Elixirs are prepared through simple solution or admixture methods and stored away from heat and light in tightly closed containers.
This document discusses the processing and ingredients of still beverages. It defines different types of still beverages like squash, crush, cordials and describes their key ingredients and specifications according to FSSAI. The main carbohydrate ingredients discussed are sucrose, invert sugar, and glucose syrups. Intense sweeteners like saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame, and sucralose are also compared. Important additional ingredients in still beverages include acids, preservatives, flavors, and colors. The document provides details on these ingredients and their typical usage levels in different still beverage products.
This document discusses the processing and ingredients of still beverages. It defines different types of still beverages like squash, crush, cordials and describes their key ingredients and specifications according to FSSAI. The main carbohydrate ingredients discussed are sucrose, invert sugar, and glucose syrups. Intense sweeteners like saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame, and sucralose are also compared. Important additional ingredients in still beverages include acids, preservatives, flavors, and colors. The document provides details on these ingredients and their typical usage levels in different still beverage products.
This document discusses three non-nutritive sweeteners: stevioside, glycyrrhizin, and thaumatin. It describes their sources, preparation methods, properties, and evaluation tests. Stevioside is extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana and is 160-170 times sweeter than sucrose. Glycyrrhizin is obtained from licorice root and has a liquorice taste. Thaumatin is a protein extracted from the fruit of Thaumatococcus danielli and is 750-1600 times sweeter than sucrose. All three are high intensity sweeteners that are used as sugar substitutes and flavor enhancers in foods and beverages.
This document discusses three non-nutritive sweeteners: stevioside, glycyrrhizin, and thaumatin. It describes their sources, preparation methods, properties, and evaluation tests. Stevioside is extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana and is 160-170 times sweeter than sucrose. Glycyrrhizin is obtained from licorice root and has a liquorice taste. Thaumatin is a protein extracted from the fruit of Thaumatococcus danielli and is 750-1600 times sweeter than sucrose. All three are high intensity sweeteners that are used as sugar substitutes and flavor enhancers in foods and beverages.
This document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It provides examples of common acids like vinegar and sulfuric acid, and bases like sodium hydroxide and baking soda. Indicators are substances that are used to test whether something is acidic or basic. Natural indicators mentioned include litmus, red cabbage juice, and turmeric paper. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in base. The document also discusses olfactory indicators that change smell in acids and bases, with vanilla given as an example. Finally, it mentions synthetic indicators like phenolphthalein and methyl orange that change color between acid and base.
This document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It provides examples of common acids like vinegar and sulfuric acid, and bases like sodium hydroxide and baking soda. Indicators are substances that are used to test whether something is acidic or basic. Natural indicators mentioned include litmus, red cabbage juice, and turmeric paper. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in base. The document also discusses olfactory indicators that change smell in acids and bases, with vanilla given as an example. Finally, it mentions synthetic indicators like phenolphthalein and methyl orange that change color between acid and base.
Tinctures are liquid extracts made using alcohol or glycerin to dissolve active compounds from plants or chemicals. Alcohol is the most common solvent as it can extract many compounds and acts as a preservative. Tinctures contain 1 part drug to 5 parts solvent and the alcohol content typically ranges from 25-60%. Common tinctures include orange, benzoin, and opium which are used for their flavoring, stimulant, and analgesic properties respectively. Tinctures are classified based on solvent, presence of active compounds, and method of administration such as oral or topical. They are prepared through maceration, percolation, or simple solution and must be properly stored, labeled, and dosed.
Tinctures are liquid extracts made using alcohol or glycerin to dissolve active compounds from plants or chemicals. Alcohol is the most common solvent as it can extract many compounds and acts as a preservative. Tinctures contain 1 part drug to 5 parts solvent and the alcohol content typically ranges from 25-60%. Common tinctures include orange, benzoin, and opium which are used for their flavoring, stimulant, and analgesic properties respectively. Tinctures are classified based on solvent, presence of active compounds, and method of administration such as oral or topical. They are prepared through maceration, percolation, or simple solution and must be properly stored, labeled, and dosed.
Digital Tools with AI for e-Content Development.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
油
This ppt is useful for not only for B.Ed., M.Ed., M.A. (Education) or any other PG level students or Ph.D. scholars but also for the school, college and university teachers who are interested to prepare an e-content with AI for their students and others.
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Finals of Kaun TALHA : a Travel, Architecture, Lifestyle, Heritage and Activism quiz, organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
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APM People Interest Network Conference 2025
- Autonomy, Teams and Tension
- Oliver Randall & David Bovis
- Own Your Autonomy
Oliver Randall
Consultant, Tribe365
Oliver is a career project professional since 2011 and started volunteering with APM in 2016 and has since chaired the People Interest Network and the North East Regional Network. Oliver has been consulting in culture, leadership and behaviours since 2019 and co-developed HPTM速an off the shelf high performance framework for teams and organisations and is currently working with SAS (Stellenbosch Academy for Sport) developing the culture, leadership and behaviours framework for future elite sportspeople whilst also holding down work as a project manager in the NHS at North Tees and Hartlepool Foundation Trust.
David Bovis
Consultant, Duxinaroe
A Leadership and Culture Change expert, David is the originator of BTFA and The Dux Model.
With a Masters in Applied Neuroscience from the Institute of Organisational Neuroscience, he is widely regarded as the Go-To expert in the field, recognised as an inspiring keynote speaker and change strategist.
He has an industrial engineering background, majoring in TPS / Lean. David worked his way up from his apprenticeship to earn his seat at the C-suite table. His career spans several industries, including Automotive, Aerospace, Defence, Space, Heavy Industries and Elec-Mech / polymer contract manufacture.
Published in Londons Evening Standard quarterly business supplement, James Caans Your business Magazine, Quality World, the Lean Management Journal and Cambridge Universities PMA, he works as comfortably with leaders from FTSE and Fortune 100 companies as he does owner-managers in SMEs. He is passionate about helping leaders understand the neurological root cause of a high-performance culture and sustainable change, in business.
Session | Own Your Autonomy The Importance of Autonomy in Project Management
#OwnYourAutonomy is aiming to be a global APM initiative to position everyone to take a more conscious role in their decision making process leading to increased outcomes for everyone and contribute to a world in which all projects succeed.
We want everyone to join the journey.
#OwnYourAutonomy is the culmination of 3 years of collaborative exploration within the Leadership Focus Group which is part of the APM People Interest Network. The work has been pulled together using the 5 HPTM速 Systems and the BTFA neuroscience leadership programme.
https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/apm-people-network/about/
APM event hosted by the South Wales and West of England Network (SWWE Network)
Speaker: Aalok Sonawala
The SWWE Regional Network were very pleased to welcome Aalok Sonawala, Head of PMO, National Programmes, Rider Levett Bucknall on 26 February, to BAWA for our first face to face event of 2025. Aalok is a member of APMs Thames Valley Regional Network and also speaks to members of APMs PMO Interest Network, which aims to facilitate collaboration and learning, offer unbiased advice and guidance.
Tonight, Aalok planned to discuss the importance of a PMO within project-based organisations, the different types of PMO and their key elements, PMO governance and centres of excellence.
PMOs within an organisation can be centralised, hub and spoke with a central PMO with satellite PMOs globally, or embedded within projects. The appropriate structure will be determined by the specific business needs of the organisation. The PMO sits above PM delivery and the supply chain delivery teams.
For further information about the event please click here.
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Finals of Rass MELAI : a Music, Entertainment, Literature, Arts and Internet Culture Quiz organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
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Prelims of Kaun TALHA : a Travel, Architecture, Lifestyle, Heritage and Activism quiz, organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
2. Definition
Elixirs are clear, sweetened and flavoured hydro
alcoholic liquid preparations intended for oral use
Main ingredients include ethyl alcohol, glycerin or
propylene glycol, flavouring agents, colouring
agents,water and some suitable preservatives
3. Types of Elixirs
Non- Medical (flavoured Elixirs)- Used as flavouring
agents or syrups containing lemon juice, orange
juice, raspberry juice.
Medical Elixirs - These contain potent medications
e.g paracetamol, isoniazid, antibiotics,
antihistamine or sedatives etc.
4. Formulation of Elixirs
When formulating elixirs, the following must be
considered.
1. Vehicle- Water, Alcohol, syrups,glyy, sorbitol and
propylene glycol
2. Adjuncts- used to improve stability, efficacy and
palatability
Chemical stability- Citric acid and disodium
Preservatives- 20% alcohol, methy paraben , propyl
paraben
5. Colouring agents- Coal tar dyes
Flavouring agents- Black currant syrup, raspberry
syrup, lemon,orange
Sweeterners- Sugar usually sucrose
Example
Rx
Chloral hydrates 40g
Purified Water. 20ml
Black currant syrup 200ml
Syrup. to 1000ml
Make an elixir , send : 30ml
6. Label:
One teaspoonful to be given at night
Storage
The elixirs are stored in well closed air tight glass
container at cool dry place protected fry light
7. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Everybody's a genius
~Albert Einstein