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Emulsions
- 1. EMULSIONS
- 2. An emulsion is a mixture of two or more immiscible liquids DISPERSED PHASECOUNTINIOUS PHASE
- 4. Micro Emulsions:- They are the emulsions that contain globules having diameter less than 0.1 micrometer. Multiple emulsions:- Oil in water or water in oil emulsions are dispersed in another liquid medium.
- 5. Should be homogenized Can be made as thick creams which do not flow Usually opaque and may be designed to have a lustrous appearance Inherent instability CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EMULSION
- 7. Continental or Dry Gum Method English or wet Gum Method Bottle or Forbes Bottle Method
- 8. EMULSIFYING AGENTS:- Be stable Be compatible with all other ingredients Be nontoxic Posses little odor, taste and color Not interfere with stability and efficacy of active agent. PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE EMULSIFIERS MUST ALSO
- 9. Examples of emulsifiers HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT ALCOHOLS: steryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl mono stearate, cholestrol. PROTEIN SUBSTANC ES gelatin, egg yolk, casein. FINELY DIVIDED SOLIDS bentonite, magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide. WETTIN G AGENTS anionic, cationic, non-ionic CARBOHY D-RATE MATERIAL S acacia, agar, pectin
- 10. IDENTIFICATION TESTS FOR EMULSIONS:-
- 11. CONDUCTIVITY TEST continuous phase of water runs electricity more than continuous phase of oil. DILUTION TEST based on the solubility of external phase of emulsion.
- 12. DYE-SOLUBILITY TESTFLOURECENCE TEST oils give fluorescence under UV light, while water doesn't
- 14. EMULSIONS are simple, have few Ingredients and are cheap. Reaction medium is mostly water therefore it easily penetrates in the skin. Beside these advantages following are certain uses of the emulsions.
- 15. Wide use in the food industry E .g. Vinaigrette, mayonnaise & milk Medicinal Use:- Emulsions that are more liquid may be used as oral medicine & cream based emulsions are best for topical application.
- 16. Used in beauty products e.g.. Creams and lotions. Used as polymerization e.g. paints and coatings.
- 18. Thermodynamically unstable Improper formulation may lead to creaming and cracking Emulsions have short live Preparation needs to be shaken well before use
- 20. 1) Emulsion can be used to administer orally unpleasant tasting drugs 2) O/W type emulsion has been used for intravenous administration of oils oils and fats
- 21. 3) Bio availability of certain poorly soluble drugs can also be improved by dissolving them in oil and emulsifying 4)Emulsion of both O/W and W/O types has extensively been used to prepare pharmaceutical preparation for external use and cosmetic preparation such as screen and lotions
- 22. MADE BY :- SYEDA NEHAN IQBAL