ENDOCRINE.pptx
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The document summarizes several endocrine glands and their functions. It discusses the pituitary gland, which has three lobes that secrete hormones. It also describes the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, and pancreas. The adrenal glands produce corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.
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By the end of the lecture, students should be able to:
Describe briefly development of the thyroid & parathyroid glands.
Describe the shape, position, relations and structure of the thyroid gland.
Describe the shape, position, blood supply & lymphatic drainage of the parathyroid glands.
List the blood supply & lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland.
Describe the most common congenital anomalies of the thyroid gland.
List the nerves endanger with thyroidectomy operation.
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1. Hypertension is defined as persistently elevated arterial blood pressure (BP).
2. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition in which the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health complications.
3. WHO Definition of Hypertension
a. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension is defined as:
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) 140 mmHg
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) 90 mmHg
b. Based on repeated measurements under standardized conditions.
Risk factors
Obesity A sedentary lifestyle
Diabetes mellitus High intakes of salt or alcohol
Family history Stress
Cigarette smoking Low birth weight
Hypertension is described as essential (primary, idiopathic) or secondary to other diseases.
Irrespective of the cause, hypertension commonly affects the kidneys.
Essential hypertension
1. A condition of persistently elevated blood pressure without a known secondary cause, often associated with genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors.
Benign (chronic) hypertension
1. The rise in blood pressure is usually slight to moderate and continues to rise slowly over many years.
2. Sometimes complications, such as heart failure, cerebrovascular accident or myocardial infarction are the first indication of hypertension, but often the condition is symptomless and is only discovered during a routine examination.
Malignant (accelerated) hypertension
1. This is a rapid and aggressive acceleration of hypertensive disease.
2. Diastolic pressure in excess of 120 mmHg is common.
3. The effects are serious and quickly become apparent, e.g. haemorrhages into the retina, papilloedema (oedema around the optic disc), encephalopathy (cerebral oedema) and progressive renal disease, leading to cardiac failure.
Secondary hypertension
Hypertension resulting from other diseases accounts for 5% of all cases.
I. Kidney disease
Raised blood pressure is a complication of many kidney diseases. In kidney disease, there is salt and water retention, sometimes with excessive renin activity.
II. Endocrine disorders
a) Adrenal cortex
Secretion of excess aldosterone and cortisol stimulates the retention of excess sodium and water by the kidneys, raising the blood volume and pressure.
b) Adrenal medulla
Secretion of excess adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) raises blood pressure, e.g. phaeochromocytoma .
III. Stricture of the aorta
Hypertension develops in branching arteries proximal to the site of a stricture, e.g congenital
coarctation.
IV. Drug treatment
Hypertension may be a side-effect of some drugs, e.g. corticosteroids and oral contraceptives.
Effects and complications of hypertension
The effects of long-standing and progressively rising blood pressure are serious.
Hypertension predisposes to atherosclerosis and has specific effects on particular organs.
Heart
Alana Song Hawaii - A Medical Assistant
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With a Social Selling Index (SSI) of 60 on LinkedIn, Bao demonstrates a mastery of digital engagement that sets him apart in an industry often slow to adopt change. His score, a reflection of his strong personal brand, is not just about numbersit represents a deeper commitment to connecting with others, building meaningful relationships, and leveraging those relationships to drive real-world results. In an age where online networking is key to success, Bao has made social selling a cornerstone of his leadership approach.
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Best VITELLIFORM MACULOPATHY (BEST Diseases)
It's an an award winning ppt
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Dr. Tran Quoc Bao, CEO of Prima Saigon, has been the transformative force behind City International Hospitals rise as a leading medical tourism destination in Vietnam. Featured in Voice of America, US News, Yahoo, Travel & Leisure, Berkshire, and The New York Times, Baos visionary leadership is reshaping the healthcare landscape, drawing tens of thousands of international patients to Vietnam.
Upon taking charge at City International Hospital, Bao faced the challenge of elevating its profile and attracting foreign patients while maintaining world-class care. His solution? Infusing cutting-edge technology and delivering a seamless patient experience. Baos ability to blend healthcare excellence with innovative technology, particularly through AI-driven diagnostics and treatment tools, has positioned the hospital as a global leader in precision medicine.
Beyond technological advancements, Bao has prioritized enhancing the medical tourism experience. He has forged strategic partnerships and launched innovative marketing campaigns that make City International Hospital a top destination for patients worldwide. This comprehensive approach has led to a significant influx of foreign patients, particularly from neighboring countries, seeking high-quality medical care in Vietnam.
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Author:
Attuluri Vamsi Kumar
Assistant Professor,
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences,
Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing (RIPANS),
Undertaken by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Govt. of India
LAB MANUAL APPLIED HEMATOLOGY
M.Sc. Medical Laboratory Sciences (Blood Banking)
Department of Medical Lab Sciences
Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing (RIPANS)
Undertaken by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Govt. of India
Program Details:
Program Name: M.Sc. MLS (Blood Banking)
Semester: 2
Batch: 2024
Subject Name: Applied Hematology
Subject Code: MLTH-P206
About this Lab Manual:
This Lab Manual on Applied Hematology is designed to serve as a comprehensive practical guide for M.Sc. Medical Laboratory Sciences (Blood Banking) students at RIPANS. It provides a structured framework for laboratory techniques, diagnostic methodologies, and applied hematological procedures, ensuring a hands-on approach to understanding blood-related disorders and transfusion science.
This manual covers advanced hematological investigations, staining techniques, bone marrow examinations, and specialized blood testing methods essential for a professional career in blood banking and hematology laboratories. Each experiment is presented with a detailed principle, methodology, interpretation guidelines, and viva questions, allowing students to grasp fundamental and advanced concepts with ease.
Key Features of this Manual:
鏝 Step-by-Step Experimental Procedures Clear, well-structured protocols to enhance laboratory skills.
鏝 Principles & Applications Explanation of core hematological principles and their real-world applications.
鏝 Clinical Relevance Interpretation of lab findings in diagnosing hematological disorders.
鏝 Observation & Analysis Structured observation tables to record findings systematically.
鏝 Viva Questions & Answer Key Helps in exam preparation and enhances conceptual clarity.
鏝 Reference Textbooks Standard books suggested for further in-depth learning.
Who Should Use This Manual?
This manual is intended for M.Sc. Medical Laboratory Sciences (Blood Banking) students and faculty members at RIPANS. It is a valuable resource for trainees, researchers, and professionals in hematology and transfusion medicine.
Through this structured and practical approach, students will develop a deeper understanding of hematological investigations, laboratory techniques, and diagnostic procedures, ultimately preparing them for clinical, research, and diagnostic settings.
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ENDOCRINE.pptx
- 9. HORMONES SECRETED BYTHE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
- 20. Pars distalis Pars tuberalis Pars intermedia
- 24. Chromophil Cells
- 29. POSTERIOR PITUITARY OR NEUROHYPOPHYSIS
- 32. o Pars nervosa Also called the neural lobe or posterior lobe, this region constitutes the majority of the posterior pituitary and is the storage site of oxytocin and vasopressin. Sometimes (incorrectly) considered synonymous with the posterior pituitary, the pars nervosa includes Herring bodies and pituicytes Herring bodies or neurosecretory bodies are structures found in the posterior pituitary. They represent the terminal end of the axons from the hypothalamus, and hormones are temporarily stored in these locations. They are neurosecretory terminals. Pituicytes are glial cells of the posterior pituitary. Their main role is to assist in the storage and release of neurohypophysial hormones
- 35. oInfundibular stalk Also known as the infundibulum or pituitary stalk, the infundibular stalk bridges the hypothalamic and hypophyseal systems. , part of the inferior boundary of the hypothalamus in the brain, is attached to the infundibulum. The median eminence is a small swelling on the tuber cinereum, posterior to and atop the pituitary stalk. It lies in the area roughly bounded on its posterolateral region by the cerebral peduncles, and on its anterolateral region by the optic chiasm.
- 42. Blood supply
- 43. THYROID GLAND
- 67. production of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid. Zona fasciculata Situated between the glomerulosa and reticularis, the cells of the zona fasciculata synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids Zona reticularis The inner most cortical layer, the zona reticularis produces androgens.
- 68. Glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids sex hormones (androgens)
- 69. adrenaline and nor adrenaline
- 71. PANCREAS
- 73. natomical relations of the pancreasTable quiz Anterior Stomach, lesser sac (omental bursa), transverse mesocolon, superior mesenteric artery Posterior Aorta, inferior vena cava, right renal artery, right and left renal veins, superior mesenteric vessels, splenic vein, hepatic portal vein, left kidney, left suprarenal gland Superior Splenic artery Lateral Spleen Medial Duodenum (descending and horizontal parts)
- 77. hepatic portal vein splenic veins.
- 81. THANKYOU