Energy 3
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The document discusses several examples of energy transfers: 1) A dropped ball transfers gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy when falling and elastic potential energy when bouncing, with some energy lost as heat each time. 2) When a basketball bounces after a tennis ball drops on it, the basketball transfers some kinetic energy to the tennis ball but is not slowed much due to its greater mass. 3) A dropped basketball does not bounce as high when a tennis ball is dropped on it first, as the tennis ball does not have enough momentum to transfer significant energy back to the basketball.
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The document discusses the three main methods of heat transfer:
1. Thermal conduction, which is the transfer of heat through direct contact of particles in solids.
2. Thermal convection, which is the movement of heat by the circulation of fluids like liquids and gases caused by differences in density due to temperature variations.
3. Radiation, which is the transmission of heat energy through electromagnetic waves that can travel through a vacuum.Heat transfer & Conduction
Heat transfer & ConductionAlan Wrafter
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Thermal energy can be transferred between substances in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of kinetic energy between particles in solids and liquids when one end is heated. The rate of heat transfer by conduction depends on the temperature difference and the material's specific heat capacity, which is the amount of energy needed to change its temperature. Heat always flows naturally from hotter to cooler substances until thermal equilibrium is reached.Thermal Energy & Heat Transfer
Thermal Energy & Heat TransferAlan Wrafter
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Thermal energy, also called heat energy, is the transfer of energy between objects due to a temperature difference. Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius and indicates how hot an object is, while heat is measured in Joules and refers to the quantity of thermal energy transferred. The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to raise its temperature by one degree and one kilogram, and can be used to calculate the energy needed to change an object's temperature. Heat naturally transfers from hotter to cooler objects until they reach thermal equilibrium.Energy Transfers 2
Energy Transfers 2Alan Wrafter
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The document discusses several examples of energy transfers:
1) A dropped ball transfers gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy when falling and elastic potential energy when bouncing, with some energy lost as heat each time.
2) When a basketball bounces after a tennis ball drops on it, the basketball transfers some kinetic energy to the tennis ball but is not slowed much due to its greater mass.
3) A dropped basketball does not bounce as high when a tennis ball is dropped on it first, as the tennis ball does not have enough momentum to transfer significant energy back to the basketball.Energy Transfers 1
Energy Transfers 1Alan Wrafter
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The document discusses different types of energy transfers and the law of conservation of energy. It provides examples of energy transfers, such as a candle transferring chemical energy into heat and light energy. It also discusses the main energy transfers that occur for objects like a car engine (chemical to kinetic and heat) and radio (electrical to sound and heat). The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another, so the total energy input equals the total energy output during a transfer.Ad
Energy 3
- 2. Case 1: Energy transfers of a dropped ballA油falling油ball油transfers gravitational potential energy 油into油kinetic energyWhen the油ball油hits油the油ground,its油shape油changes油and the油kinetic energy 油is油transferred油into油elastic potential energyAs its油shape油is油restored, the elastic potential energy changes油back油into油kinetic energyAs the油ball油gets油higher油in the油air,油kinetic energy 油is油transferred油back油into油gravitational potential energy
- 3. Case 1: Energy transfers of a dropped ballWhen the油ball油bounces back up油into the油air, it does油not go up油to the油same油height油at which it油started.With油each油of the above油transfers油of油energy, some of he油energy油is油wasted油as油heat.In油stage 1油energy油is油lost油because of油air resistance. When the油ball油collides油with the油air molecules, both the油ball油and the油air油are made a油little油warmer.In油stage 2 energy油is油lost油when the油ball油changes油its油shape and the油ball油becomes油warmer.Stage 2油also油loses energy油as油sound油when the油ball油hits油the油ground.Stage 3 loses energy油for the油same reason油as油stage 2.Stage 4 loses energy油for the油same reason油as油stage 1.If the油energy油transfers油were油perfect油and there were油no油energy losses,the油bouncing油ball油would油always return油to the油same油height油at which it油started.It would油carry on油bouncing油like this油forever.This would be called "perpetual motion".Perpetual motion油does油not油exist because there are油always油energy losses油during油transfers.
- 4. Case 2: Dropping a tennis ball on top of basketball油油油油油油油油油油油油油 When the basketball hits the ground it gets pushed back up, and then the tennis ball collides with the basketball.油 The basketball pushes the tennis ball away and transfers some of the basketball's kinetic energy to it.油 If the basketball gave some of its energy to the tennis ball, why did it bounce to about the same height as before?油 油
- 5. Case 2: Dropping a tennis ball on top of basketball油Because the weight or mass of an object has a lot to do with most how much energy it has.油 油If the basketball and tennis ball are moving at the same speed, the basketball has a lot more energy than the tennis ball because it has a lot more mass.油 So when the basketball gave energy to the tennis ball, the basketball only lost a little bit of speed for the same amount of energy that it took to give the tennis ball a lot of extra speed.
- 6. Case 3: Dropping a basketball on top of tennis ball油油When the balls collided, the tennis ball didnt even have enough momentum to push the basketball back upThe tennis ball just slowed the basketball down a little bit before it could hit the groundTherefore the basketball didnt even bounce up to the original height it was dropped from.
- 7. CalculatingGravitationalPotentialEnergyFirst, youmustunderstandthedifferencebetweenmass and weight:Mass油is an油amount油of油substance. It is measured in油kilograms. It tells you油how many油particles (atoms,油ions油or油molecules) you have, not油what they油weigh.Weight油is the油force油of油gravity油pulling油on a油mass.Weight油is a油force, and so it is measured in油Newtons,油not油kilograms.Weight油=油mass油x油gravityOn油Earth油the油force油of油gravity油is油10油N/kg.
- 8. CalculatingGravitationalPotentialEnergyCalculatetheweight of thefollowingobjects:A manweighting 100 kg:A 5 kg watermelon:A girlwhoweights 47 kg:
- 9. CalculatingGravitationalPotentialEnergyTocalculatethegravitationalpotentialenergy of anobject use thefollowingequation:GPE = mass (kg) x gravity (N/ kg) x height (m)Or, becauseweight = mass x gravitywe can also use thefollowing:GPE = weight (N) x height (m)Question: Whatistheunit of measurementfor GPE?
- 11. Case 1: Energy descriptions of a dropped ballWhen the ball is held up, it has a lot of potential energy and no kinetic energy.油 As it falls, it starts losing it's potential energy and speeds up to get more kinetic energy.油 When it hits the floor it has no potential energy, but lots of kinetic energy.油 When the ball hits the ground, it gets squashed, which causes friction between the different rubber molecules that make up the ball, and the friction heats the ball up.油 The ball has lost some kinetic energy and has gained thermal energy.油 油When we see the ball bounce back up almost to its original height, we know that it is always a little bit lower than it started because it has transformed some of that original potential energy to thermal energy.
- 12. The law of conservation of energyEnergy can be transferred in more than one form at a time.The INPUT energy will always equal the total OUTPUT energy.Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be changed from one form to another.
- 13. Kinetic energy58%(Useful spinning of the drill bit)Energy Transfer ValuesElectrical energy100%Kinetic energy22%(Wasted vibration of the drill)Heat energy20%(wasted)