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Enumerati
on
? An enumeration defines a common type
for a group of related values.
? Enumerations in Swift are much more
flexible as
compared to other languages.
? You do not have to provide a value for
each
case of the enumeration.
? enum keyword is used to define an

Enumerati
on
? The value of each case in enumeration
can be a String, a character, an Integer or
floating point number is called associated
value.
? Enumerations are preferred over structures,
when there is finite set of values.
? Similar to other languages enumerations in
Swift can also have raw values.

Enumeration
Syntax
? Syntax:
enum EnumerationName:
RawType
{
// enumeration definition goes
here
}

Enumeration
Example
enum WeakDays
{
case Monday
case Tuesday
case
Wednesday
case Thursday
case Fridaycase Saturday,
Sunday}
case keyword is used to
introduce new
enumeration cases.

Enumeration
Example
? Once you assign to an enum value, you
can reassign to another value without re-
specifying the enum name.
? Example:
var enumVar =
enum.case1 enumVar
= .case2

Enumeration
Exampleenum direction
{ case east, west, north,
south } var move =
direction.east switch move
{ case .east:
print("Moving to
east")
case .west:
print("Moving to
west")
case .north:
print("Moving to north")
case .south:
Output
Moving to east

Enumeration with raw
values
enum numbers:Int
{
case one = 1
case two = 2
case three =
3
}
print(numbers.one.rawValu
e)
print(numbers.two.rawValu
e)
Output
1
2
3

values
enum fruitColor:String
{
case mango =
"Yellow"
case apple = ��Red"
}
print(fruitColor.mango.rawVal
ue)
print(fruitColor.apple.rawValu
e)
Output
Yellow
Red

values
enum numbers:Int
{
case one = 1
case two,
three
}
print(numbers.one.rawValu
e)
print(numbers.two.rawValu
e)
print(numbers.three.rawVal
Output
1
2
3
Note: When integers are used for raw values, they
auto-increment if no value is specified

valuesenum fruitColor:String
{
case mango =
"Yellow" case apple
= "Red" case
orange
}
print(fruitColor.mango.rawVal
ue)
print(fruitColor.apple.rawValu
e)
Output
Yellow
Red
orange
Note: When Strings are used for raw values, they
itself treat as raw value if no value is specified

valuesenum area:Float
{
case length = 1.0
case breadth
}
print(area.length.rawValue
)
print(area.breadth.rawValu
e)
Output
Error
Note: When non-integers are used for raw values
once, it is must to assign raw value for each case.

valuesenum area:Float
{
case length
case breadth
case
dimensions
}
print(area.length.rawValue)
print(area.breadth.rawValue)
print(area.dimensions.rawVa
lue)
Output
0.0
1.0
2.0

Enumeration with Associated
valuesenum
enum1{ case
name(String)
case
ageSal(Int,Int)
}
var person =
enum1.name("Raman")
person = .ageSal(26,30000)
switch person
{ case .name(let n):
print("Welcome (n)")
case .ageSal(let n, let r):
print("Age: (n), Salary:
Output
Age: 26
Salary: 30000

Associated Values Vs Raw
Values
Associated Values Raw Values
Different Datatypes
E.g: enum {10,0.8,"Hello"}
Same Datatypes
E.g: enum {10,35,50}
Values are created based
on constant or
variable
Values should be literals
only
Varies when declared
each
time
Value for member is same,
can��t
be changed (i.e. immutable)

Structur
es
? Structure can define properties to store
values.
? Structure can define methods to
provide functionality.
? Structure are always copied when they
pass around in the code.
? Structure can define initializers to set up
their initial state.

Structur
es? Structure encapsulates data some related
data values.
? Structure pass their members by the values
not by
reference.
? Structure can define subscripts to provide
access
to their values using subscript syntax.

Structures
Example
struct Laptop
{
var color =
"Black" var
processor = "i7"
var price = 38000
}
var dellD15 =
Laptop()
print(dellD15.color)
print(dellD15.process
Output
Black
i7
38000

Structures with
subscriptstruct multi
{ let m: Int
subscript(i: Int) ->
Int
{
return m * i
}
}
let result = multi(m:
2) print(result[8])
Output
16

Structures
Example
struct Person {
var fName:
String
var lName:
Stringinit(fName: String, lName: String)
{ self.fName =
fName self.lName
= lName
}
}
var john = Person(fName: "John", lName:
Output
John' last name is Watson

Class
es
? A class is a blueprint or template for an
instance
of that class.
? The term "object" is often used to refer to
an
instance of a class.
? In Swift, however, classes and structures
are very similar, and therefore it's easier
and less confusing to use the term

Class
es
? A class is collection of properties and
methods.
? Classes in Swift are of reference type.
? Classes having all the things that structure
have
and some additional features also.
? Type casting enables you to check and
interpret the type of a class instance at

Class
es
? Initializer enable an instance of class to
initialize
with some values.
? De-initializers enable an instance of a class
to
free up any resources it has assigned.
? Reference counting allows more
than one reference to a class
instance.

Class
Exampleclass Person
{ var age = 20
var gender =
"Male" var name =
"Raman" func
show()
{ print(age)
print(gende
r)
print(name)
}
}
Output
20
Male
Raman

Initializer and De-
initializer
? Initializer enable an instance of class to
initialize
with some values.
? To create an initial value.
? To assign default property value within the
property definition.
? To initialize an instance for a particular data type 'init()'
is
used.
? De-initializers enable an instance of a class
to
free up any resources it has assigned.

Class with init
Exampleclass Person
{
var age:Int
var gender:String
var name:String
init()
{ age = 20
gender =
"male" name
= "Raman"
}
Output
}
20
Male
Raman
func show()
{ print(age)
print(gende
r)
print(name)
}
var ob =

init having
parametersclass
Person{ var fName: String
var lName: String
init(fName: String, lName:
String){ self.fName =
fName
self.lName =
lName
}
func
show()
{print("Welcome (fName) (lName).")
}
}
var ram =
Person(fName:"Ram",lName:"Sharma")
ram.show()
Output
Welcome Ram Sharma.
self property to refer to
the current instance

init and deinit
Examplevar cnt = 0 // for reference
counting class myClass
{
init()
{ cnt = cnt+1 }
deinit
{ cnt = cnt-1 }
}
var ob:myClass? =
myClass()
print(cnt)
ob = nil
print(cn
Output
1
0

Identity
Operator
? Used to find out if two constants or
variables refer to exactly the same
instance of a class or not.
? For this two types of operators are there:
? Identical to (===)
? Not identical to (!==)

Identity
Operatorclass Person
{
var age = 20
}
var ram = Person()
print(ram.age)
var sham =
Person()
print(sham.age)
print(ram ===
sham) print(ram
!== sham)
Output
20
20
false
true

Identity Operator
Exampleclass Person
{
var age = 20
}
var ram = Person()
print(ram.age)
var sham =
ram
print(sham.ag
e)
print(ram ===
sham)
Output
20
20
true
false

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Enumerations, structure and class IN SWIFT

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