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EPFLPostermodabsolutelyfinalpdf

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Anush Swaminathan

1. Researchers conducted experiments using a wearable haptic device with multiple vibrators to test whether apparent motion could be used to create a feeling of presence without another person actually being there. 2. Initial experiments tested different membrane thicknesses and vibrator positions to determine optimal parameters for acuity, noise, and pleasantness. 3. Further experiments tested for apparent motion at different body locations but found large variances in vibration amplitudes between subjects, suggesting apparent motion parameters may need to be personalized rather than using standardized values.

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Figure 1 (on the right). Schematic of the vibrator prototype (to the arrows right) with the functionality of the Master-Slave system (to the arrows left) (Adapted from Blanke et. al. Current Biology. 2014). The sensation that somebody is nearby when in fact there is no one present is known as a feeling of presence (FoP).1 Although described by various neurological patients, prior studies of a FoP have been restricted to only certain environments by a large Master-Slave machine.1 One solution is a wearable haptic device using apparent motion, the illusion of motion among standstill objects, to create a FoP. 2 For haptic vibrators utilizing apparent motion to be used in the creation of FoPs, we must first test the existence of objective apparent motion parameters sets applicable to all subjects. Foundations of Wearable Haptics in Manipulating Bodily Consciousness Anush Swaminathan1,2, Myeong Seop Song1, Giulio Rognini1, Simone Gallo1, Olaf Blanke1 1 Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique F辿d辿rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland 2 Boston University, Boston, United States Introduction Post development of the prototype and software, trials were conducted on 5 Subjects to determine the optimal membrane thickness and vibrator position based on 3 parameters: acuity, noise, and pleasantness. Experimental Approach Figures 3 and 4. Display of the pre-trials on the left. The figure on the right demonstrates that Total Apparent Movement = DoS + SoA * (no. of vibrators-1). SoA is Stimulus Onset Asynchrony, and DoS is Duration of Stimulus. Trials were conducted on 10 subjects using the Fast Parameter Tracking Method (FPTM) to locate continuous apparent motion during 10 repetitions in the forearms, neck, and back. Results Experiment 2: Apparent Movement Experiment 1: Membrane Optimization 0. 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6. 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12. 1 2 3 4 SlopeMean Membrane Number Figure 5 (on left). Pre-Trial ANOVA Analysis of Amplitude Slope Mean (a good indicator of membrane sensitivity) v. Membrane Number. Membrane Optimization According to Analysis of Variances, Membranes 2 and 4 (of intermediate thickness) significantly influenced membrane acuity. Membrane 2 subjectively made less noise, and as such was chosen for the apparent motion trials. : p < .00833 in 3 v. 4 and 2 v. 3 (with the Bonferroni Correction Factor 留=0.00833) Apparent Movement 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 Amplitude Vibrator Number A. Neck Average Amplitudes for Vibrators Average SoA 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 Amplitude Vibrator Number B. Back 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 Amplitude Vibrator Number C. ForearmsFigure 6A, 6B, and 6C. Average Vibrator Amplitude and Average SoA v. Membrane Number for the Neck, Back, and the Forearms. Large variance among vibrator amplitudes points against a defined cluster of standard parameters. Non-Normal distributions of cumulative vibration amplitudes also support the evidence. Conclusions and Future Directions 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 To 10 10 To 20 20 To 30 30 To 40 40 To 50 50 To 60 60 To 70 70 To 80 80 To 90 90 and over Count Distribution of Cumulative Vibration Amplitudes in the Neck Figure 7. Display of the sample distribution of vibration amplitudes across the neck. The large variance among vibration amplitudes lends evidence towards the personalization of apparent motion parameters by subject. To further verify the existence of an objective database parameters for apparent motion, parameters from this dataset can be used in trials to ascertain whether inputting the same datasets provide different subjects with the illusion of apparent motion. Once it is verified whether apparent motion parameters must be personalized by subject, further research into the fine-tuning of apparent motion and its interaction with wearable haptics to yield FoPs can be conducted. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Blanke Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, my Postdoctoral supervisors and PhD mentor, ThinkSwiss, and the EPFL for giving me the opportunity to take part in, sponsoring, and organizing the Summer Research program. References 1 Blanke et. al. Current Biology. 2014 Nov 17; 24(22):268-6. 2 Oka et. al. Open journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 2011 August.

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EPFLPostermodabsolutelyfinalpdf

  • 1. Figure 1 (on the right). Schematic of the vibrator prototype (to the arrows right) with the functionality of the Master-Slave system (to the arrows left) (Adapted from Blanke et. al. Current Biology. 2014). The sensation that somebody is nearby when in fact there is no one present is known as a feeling of presence (FoP).1 Although described by various neurological patients, prior studies of a FoP have been restricted to only certain environments by a large Master-Slave machine.1 One solution is a wearable haptic device using apparent motion, the illusion of motion among standstill objects, to create a FoP. 2 For haptic vibrators utilizing apparent motion to be used in the creation of FoPs, we must first test the existence of objective apparent motion parameters sets applicable to all subjects. Foundations of Wearable Haptics in Manipulating Bodily Consciousness Anush Swaminathan1,2, Myeong Seop Song1, Giulio Rognini1, Simone Gallo1, Olaf Blanke1 1 Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique F辿d辿rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland 2 Boston University, Boston, United States Introduction Post development of the prototype and software, trials were conducted on 5 Subjects to determine the optimal membrane thickness and vibrator position based on 3 parameters: acuity, noise, and pleasantness. Experimental Approach Figures 3 and 4. Display of the pre-trials on the left. The figure on the right demonstrates that Total Apparent Movement = DoS + SoA * (no. of vibrators-1). SoA is Stimulus Onset Asynchrony, and DoS is Duration of Stimulus. Trials were conducted on 10 subjects using the Fast Parameter Tracking Method (FPTM) to locate continuous apparent motion during 10 repetitions in the forearms, neck, and back. Results Experiment 2: Apparent Movement Experiment 1: Membrane Optimization 0. 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6. 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12. 1 2 3 4 SlopeMean Membrane Number Figure 5 (on left). Pre-Trial ANOVA Analysis of Amplitude Slope Mean (a good indicator of membrane sensitivity) v. Membrane Number. Membrane Optimization According to Analysis of Variances, Membranes 2 and 4 (of intermediate thickness) significantly influenced membrane acuity. Membrane 2 subjectively made less noise, and as such was chosen for the apparent motion trials. : p < .00833 in 3 v. 4 and 2 v. 3 (with the Bonferroni Correction Factor 留=0.00833) Apparent Movement 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 Amplitude Vibrator Number A. Neck Average Amplitudes for Vibrators Average SoA 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 Amplitude Vibrator Number B. Back 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 Amplitude Vibrator Number C. ForearmsFigure 6A, 6B, and 6C. Average Vibrator Amplitude and Average SoA v. Membrane Number for the Neck, Back, and the Forearms. Large variance among vibrator amplitudes points against a defined cluster of standard parameters. Non-Normal distributions of cumulative vibration amplitudes also support the evidence. Conclusions and Future Directions 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 To 10 10 To 20 20 To 30 30 To 40 40 To 50 50 To 60 60 To 70 70 To 80 80 To 90 90 and over Count Distribution of Cumulative Vibration Amplitudes in the Neck Figure 7. Display of the sample distribution of vibration amplitudes across the neck. The large variance among vibration amplitudes lends evidence towards the personalization of apparent motion parameters by subject. To further verify the existence of an objective database parameters for apparent motion, parameters from this dataset can be used in trials to ascertain whether inputting the same datasets provide different subjects with the illusion of apparent motion. Once it is verified whether apparent motion parameters must be personalized by subject, further research into the fine-tuning of apparent motion and its interaction with wearable haptics to yield FoPs can be conducted. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Blanke Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, my Postdoctoral supervisors and PhD mentor, ThinkSwiss, and the EPFL for giving me the opportunity to take part in, sponsoring, and organizing the Summer Research program. References 1 Blanke et. al. Current Biology. 2014 Nov 17; 24(22):268-6. 2 Oka et. al. Open journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 2011 August.