Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
39 likes•16,433 views
This document discusses the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. It defines diabetes as a metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action that causes high blood sugar. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by lack of insulin production; type 2 caused by insulin resistance; and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. The magnitude of diabetes is large, with nearly half of all cases found in China, India, and the US. In India specifically, there are 65.1 million people with diabetes, with a prevalence of 8.56% that is projected to increase to 87 million cases by 2030. The epidemiological determinants of diabetes include agent factors like pancreatic disorders, host factors like age and genetics, and environmental risks such
Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus
- 1. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DIABETES MELLITUS Dr.S.AJAY RAJ
- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Explain the definition of Diabetes mellitus. • Differentiate the types of Diabetes. • Describe the magnitude of the problem across the world & in India. • List out the epidemiological determinants of Diabetes Mellitus.
- 3. DEFINITION • A metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both
- 4. WHO Clinical classification of Diabetes mellitus 1.Diabetes mellitus(DM) • Type 1 or Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus • Type 2 or Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus • Malnutrition related diabetes mellitus(MRDM) • Other types(secondary to pancreatic, hormonal, drug-induced, genetic and other abnormalities) 2.Impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) 3.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) 4
- 5. Types of diabetes Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes • Lack of insulin • Autoimmune • Usually children • Insulin resistance • Lifestyle factors • Usually adults • Insulin resistance • During pregnancy • Risks to mother and child
- 6. MAGNITUDE
- 8. Almost half of all people with diabetes live in just three countries China India USA
- 9. Indian scenario • 65.1 million individuals with diabetes • Diabetes Prevalence-8.56% • Diabetes capital of the world • More worryingly, this number is set to increase to 87 million by 2030, more than 15 million more than China, which lies in second place.
- 11. AGENT FACTORS Insulin deficiency caused by: • Pancreatic disorders • Defective insulin production • Destruction of beta cells • Decreased insulin sensitivity • Genetic defects • Autoimmunity
- 12. HOST FACTORS • Age • Sex • Genetic factors • Genetic markers • Immune mechanisms • Obesity • Maternal diabetes
- 14. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS • Sedentary lifestyle • Diet • Dietary fibre • Malnutrition • Alcohol • Viral infections • Chemical agents • Stress • Socioeconomic status • Urbanization
- 16. REFERENCES • Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine-22nd edition • IDF Diabetes Atlas-6th edition
Editor's Notes
- #6: The three main types of diabetes – type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes –occur when the body cannot produce enough of the hormone insulin or cannot use insulin effectively. Insulin acts as a key that lets the body’s cells take in glucose and use it as energy. People with type 1 diabetes, the result of an autoimmune process with very sudden onset, need insulin therapy to survive. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, can go unnoticed and undiagnosed for years. In such cases, those affected are unaware of the long-term damage being caused by their disease. Gestational diabetes, which appears during pregnancy, can lead to serious health risks to the mother and her infant and increase the risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
- #7: 382 million people have diabetes 90% Type II The greatest number of people with diabetes are between 40 and 59 years of age Asians shows more vulnerability Global prevalence-8.3% 80% of people with diabetes live in low and middle income countries Diabetes caused 5.1 million deaths in 2013 Every six seconds a person dies from diabetes 11% of total health spending in adults in 2013.
- #8: Diabetes-Iceberg disease Although increase in incidence and prevalence of type 2 DM have occurred globally, they have been especially dramatic in societies in economic transition, in newly industrialized and developing countries.
- #10: Asian Indians more prone to diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. At least a part of this is due to genetic factors. However, the primary driver of the epidemic of diabetes is the rapid epidemiological transition associated with changes in dietary patterns and decreased physical activity as evident from the higher prevalence of diabetes in the urban population. The personal, social and economic costs of diabetes are huge and are likely to adversely affect India's economic development over the next couple of decades. Unless urgent steps are taken to thwart this burgeoning epidemic, more and more young and middle-aged Indians will fall prey to diabetes in the prime of their lives.
- #16: Why a circle? A positive symbol across cultures, the circle symbolizes life and health. Why blue? The colour blue reflects the sky that unites all nations. The blue border of the circle reflects the colour of the sky and the flag of the United Nations. The blue circle signifies the unity of the global diabetes community in response to the diabetes epidemic.