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23-May-17
1
ERGONOMICS APPROACH
TO IMPROVE THE HUMAN
PERFORMANCE
Prof.Dr.H.M.Yani Syafei,MT
yanisyafei@gmail.com Prof.Dr.H.M.Yani Syafei,MT
Research Showcase & Small-
Medium Enterprise Expo
President University, May 2017
LOGO
Subjects of Topic :
1. What is Ergonomics
2. Objectives of Ergonomics
3. Benefits of Ergonomics
4. Potential Factors if ignoring
Ergonomics
5. Importance of Ergonomics
6. System Performance and
Human Performance
7. The existence of Ergonomics
in the Organization
8. Conclusion
yanisyafei@gmail.com Prof.Dr.H.M.Yani Syafei,MT 1

23-May-17
2
LOGO
What is Ergonomics ?
The Ergonomics word is still relatively
unknown by the general public in
Indonesia.
Ergonomics word, comes from the Greek,
(Murrell, 1949) [1] which is the origin of
the word : Ergos (work) and Nomos (law),
so Ergonomics is translated into "the
Working Law".
It gives a broader or a wider meaning to
human activity to do a job.
yanisyafei@gmail.com 2
Prof.Dr.H.M.Yani Syafei,MT
LOGO
What is Ergonomics ?
All human activities that are performed,
both in the factory, office, social life and
other activities, should be organized and
managed in such a way, so as to put a
human being as a human or an natural
figure.
People must show the maximum of their
performance by considering the
“capabilities and limitations” [2].

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3
LOGO
Definition of Ergonomics
According to the International Ergonomics
Association :
“ergonomics (or human factors) is
the scientific discipline concerned
with the understanding of
interactions among humans and other
elements of a system, and the
profession that applies theory,
principles, data and methods to
design in order to optimize human
well-being and overall system
performance”[3].
LOGO
The Objective of Ergonomics
In a simple, Ergonomics can be said to be
a science that can make a something into
comfortable and efficient [4], as described
in Figure.
Not only are the two factors, but it can be
added which is safety, healthy, natural,
logical, and humane .

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LOGO
Objectives of Ergonomics
ERGONOMICS
COMFORT
EFFICIENCY :
(a). Physical
(b). Mental
(c). Production
WELL-BEING
Source : B. Mustafa Pulat, Fundamentals of Industrial Ergonomics, Prentice Hall, 1992, p. 4
LOGO
The Benefits of Ergonomics
The scope of Ergonomics application are
very broad and not limited only in
industry, but it covers all human activities
to be performed, such as in offices, roads,
terminals, hospitals, military, education,
system design, and so on.
Everything that are related to human
activity, then it's where the concept of
ergonomics should be applied.

23-May-17
5
LOGO
 There was never a goal of the project was not for
the human interests, which were all made,
created, and provided for the benefit of humans,
including the creation of the universe for the
human interests.
 A great benefit will be gained by the user
(human), if the application of ergonomics was
based on the approach ergonomics philosophy,
"fitting the job to the man" [5], namely
designing a work in accordance with human
characteristics (appropriate to the nature, human
capabilities and limitations) so that all of the
objective function would be obtained maximally.
LOGO
A lot of cost and money are wasted because
it ignores the importance of ergonomics in
making a product.
Not only producers who lost money because
their products are not preferred by
consumers, but also consumers as users of
the product, have to spend too much
money, because they had purchased a
product that benefits were not proportional
to costs incurred [6], even had to endure a
diseases which was caused by the influence
of products side effects.

23-May-17
6
LOGO
Potential Factors if ignoring
Ergonomics
There are 10 potential adverse factors
that would be perceived by humans, if the
ergonomics are ignored during the design
of products, namely: [2]
 Less production output; Increased lost time;
Higher medical costs; Higher material costs;
Increased absenteeism; Low quality work;
Injuries & Strains; Increased probability of
accidents & errors; Increased labor turnover;
Less spare capacity to deal with emergencies.
LOGO
Potential Factors if ignoring
Ergonomics
This potential factors, which are real
(tangible) only, whereas a lot of benefits
that are not real (intangible benefits) that
would be perceived if the company does
not ignore the importance of ergonomics
in the system design, namely the
increased of job satisfaction and conducive
organizational climate.

23-May-17
7
LOGO
Costs incurred
 Based on the statistical data in the United States, the
total cost incurred in 1985 for the treatment of
employees as a result of the pain and accidents during
work in the industry of $ 22 billion [ 7 ] .
 While in Indonesia , based on data from the Ministry
of Manpower and Transmigration in 2006 , at least
92,200 cases of occupational accidents occur ( based
on claims data of PT. Jamsostek / sosial security) and
put Indonesia in the group of countries that have the
highest cases of occupational accidents in the world
[8].
 This is a proof and reason how the importance of
considering ergonomics in the industry , which the
total cost incurred is immense .
LOGO
The Importance of Ergonomics
Ergonomics looked something to be
simple, practical , efficient , effective ,
comfort , healthy , logical , and humane .
Efforts to establish and implement the
concept of ergonomics in a system must
be built in the long run , not just one-way
(done instantly ).

23-May-17
8
LOGO
The Importance of Ergonomics
Sustainable changes as the improvement
and refinement to make the better system
, then it is possible occur in the
implementation of Ergonomics.
Ergonomics is a science that is dynamic in
line with changes in technology and the
era by positioning the principles and rules
of ergonomics as the basic framework of a
system , in which other attributes required
can be added in the system to improve
the system performance for the better .
LOGO
System Performance and
Human Performance
Poor system performance often leads to
the deterioration of human performance ,
which people can not show the maximum
performance because there is no support
of the system involved [9].
Ergonomics system creation is needed to
stimulate and improve the better human
performance .

23-May-17
9
LOGO
The existence of Ergonomics
in the Organization .
 Ergonomics has provided the benefits to many
organizations that apply and implement the
ergonomics program in its activities .
 In general, the company began a reactive
program ( after the fact ) in applying ergonomics
program , although the best is the proactive
approach ( prior to the work injury or accident).
 This needs to be supported by grass-roots
movement of a good employee and a high
attention of leadership, so that a good application
can be developed and provide a real benefits to
the organization.
LOGO
Conclusion :
1. Ergonomics looked something to be
simple, practical , efficient , effective ,
comfort , healthy , logical , and humane .
2. The scope of Ergonomics application are
very broad and not limited only in
industry or manufacturing , but includes
all human activities to be carried out ,
such as in offices , roads , terminals ,
hospitals , military , factories , education ,
system design , and so on .

23-May-17
10
LOGO
Conclusion :
3. Ergonomics is a science that is dynamic in line with
changes in technology and the era by positioning
the principles and rules of ergonomics as the basic
framework of a system , in which other attributes
required can be added in the system to improve
the system performance for the better .
4. Human behavior is influenced by the system that
is formed , in which the organizations or
environment systems will affect on humans to
behave following to the exists system. Likewise ,
the organizations or environment systems will
affect human performance , whether human
performance will be increasing or decreasing
depends on the system that supports it .
LOGO
References
1. Kroemer, K.H.E, H.B. Kroemer, K.E. Kroemer-Elbert,
2001, Ergonomics : How to Design for Ease and
Efficiency, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
2. Pulat, B. Mustapa, 1992, Fundamentals of Industrial
Ergonomics, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
3. International Ergonomics Association, 2000,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomics>.
4. Adams, Chris, 2009, About.com,What is Ergonomics,
<http://ergonomics.about.com/od/ergonomicbasics/a
/ergo101.htm>.
5. Bridger, R.S., 1995, Introduction to Ergonomics,
McGraw-Hill International Edition, Singapore.

23-May-17
11
LOGO
6. Syafei, Yani, M., 2007, Aplikasi Konsep Ergonomi dalam
Pengembangan Design Produk akan Memberikan Nilai
Jual Produk yang Tinggi & Keunggulan Bersaing,
Seminar Nasional Ergonomi 2007 : Integrasi Ergonomi
di dalam Product Development, Proceeding, Jurusan TI
FT Unpas, Bandung,
<http://www.profilemyanisyafei.blogspot.com>.
7. Accident Facts, 1988, National Safety Council, Chicago.
8. Sinar Harapan, 17 Februari 2007, Kecelakaan Kerja di
Indonesia Tertinggi di Dunia,
<http://www.sinarharapan.co.id/berita/0702/17/eko05
.html>
9. Bailey, Robert W., 1989, Human Performance
Engineering : Using Human Factors/Ergonomics to
Achieve Computer System Usability, Prentice-Hall
International, USA.

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