Eskil Wadensjö (SOFI) – Dealing with low wage labour migration in Sweden
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Sweden has experienced three periods of labor immigration since 1945. The first from 1945-1971 saw high- and low-skilled migrants due to transferable and non-transferable skills. The second from 1994 onward included more EU members and expansion. This mainly continued the first period's skill pattern. The third period since 2008 requires a job offer and minimum monthly income for a work and temporary residence permit, with wages and conditions set in collective agreements. Obtaining permanent residence takes four of five years of work (now seven years). However, high minimum wages have reduced demand for low-skilled foreign workers while temporary agricultural workers face difficult conditions.
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Eskil Wadensjö (SOFI) – Dealing with low wage labour migration in Sweden
- 1. Low wage labour immigration – Sweden Eskil Wadensjö SOFI, Stockholm University
- 2. Low skilled – high skilled immigration The first period of labour immigration 1945-1971 • An overrepresentation of high skilled and low skilled migrants • Why? Transferable and non-transferable skills. The second period of labour immigration 1994- • Member of EES/EU • The expansion of EU 2004, 2007 and 2013 • Mainly the same skill pattern of labour migrants 2014-11-14 /Eskil Wadensjö 2
- 3. The third period of labour immigration • From December 15, 2008 • A work permit (and a temporary residence permit) if a job offer • A minimum monthly income (rather low) • Wages and other conditions according to collective agreements or according to the standards in the industry • A permanent residence permit if having worked for four out of five years (now seven years) 2014-11-14 /Eskil Wadensjö 3
- 4. Any problems? • High minimum wages according to agreements lead to a low demand for low-skilled workers from outside EU • Temporary workers in agriculture (difficult conditions for berry pickers) • Conditions not always those that have been promised • Difficult to change employer (and later to change occupation) • Paying for a contract (a new route for refugees to Sweden) 2014-11-14 /Eskil Wadensjö 4