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Espionage by the Numbers

An introduction to Spy Numbers Stations


by Peter Staal
How they work

Whos behind it / cases

Q&A

                      Peter Staal - february 2011
How they work

Anatomy of a message

OTP

Tables

                       Peter Staal - february 2011
How they work

Anatomy of a message

OTP

Tables

                       Peter Staal - february 2011
Anatomy of a message

Interval/callsign
Header
      - Agent-ID
      - Message size
5/4 Figure groups
Redundancy



                       Peter Staal - february 2011
Anatomy of a message

Interval/callsign
Header
      - Agent-ID       328          912
      - Message size   11           66
5/4 Figure groups
Redundancy



                             Peter Staal - february 2011
Anatomy of a message

Interval/callsign
Header
      - Agent-ID       328          912
      - Message size   11           66
5/4 Figure groups
Redundancy



                             Peter Staal - february 2011
How they work

Anatomy of a message

OTP

Tables

                       Peter Staal - february 2011
One-Time-Pad
One-Time-Pad




               Peter Staal - february 2011
One-Time-Pad




               Peter Staal - february 2011
One-Time-Pad




               Peter Staal - february 2011
One-Time-Pad




               Peter Staal - february 2011
One-Time-Pad
74265 34925 23426                cyphertext
18593 47499 45877                OTP
------------------------------   +
82758 71314 68293                cleartext




                                          Peter Staal - february 2011
One-Time-Pad
74265 34925 23426                cyphertext
18593 47499 45877                OTP
------------------------------   +
82758 71314 68293                cleartext


Add (or substract) without carry



                                          Peter Staal - february 2011
How they work

Anatomy of a message

OTP

Tables

                       Peter Staal - february 2011
Tables




         Peter Staal - february 2011
Tables




         Peter Staal - february 2011
Tables




         Peter Staal - february 2011
Tables




         Peter Staal - february 2011
How they work

Whos behind it / cases

Q&A

                      Peter Staal - february 2011
Andy Tower
Spokesman British Department of Trade and Industry- 1997

 These are what you suppose they are.

  People shouldnt be mystified by them.

  They are not for, shall we say, public consumption




                                   Telegraph, January 14, 1997



                                                  Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases


  Law Enforcement cases




                          Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases

  - Erwin van Haarlem / Vaclav Jelinek
       arrested 1988 by British Special Branch

  - WASP-network
     - arrested 1998 by the FBI
     - FBI copied decoding software in 1995

  - Cuban Five (arrested 2001)




                                                  Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases

 - Ana Belen Montes (arrested/charged September 21, 2001)
     - a Senior US Defence Intelligence Agency analyst

 Affidavit:  and received her instructions through
             encrypted shortwave transmissions from Cuba




                                                    Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases

 Kendall & Gwendolyn Myers - arrested and indicted June 4, 2009

 Kendall Myers (agent 202): top intelligence analyst at
                             the State Department.

 Gwendolyn Myers (agent 123 / E-634).

 Spied for about 30 years for Cuba.




                                                          Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases




    Meet the Myers
                      Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases
 Russian Spy Ring (2010)




                           Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases
 Russian Spy Ring (2010)




                           Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases
 Russian Spy Ring (2010)




                           Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases
  References in literature




                             Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases
  References in literature
    - Defector / whistleblower

    - Declassified documents
           - Let the other guy do the talking

    - Former employees

    - End of the Cold War
       - End of Soviet Union
       - End of East-Germany


                                                Peter Staal - february 2011
References in literature
Spycraft: Robert Wallace & H. Keith Melton

               The one-way voice link (OWVL) described a
               covert communications system that
               transmitted messages to an agent's
               unmodified shortwave radio using the high-
               frequency shortwave bands between 3 and
               30 MHz at a predetermined time, date, and
               frequency contained in their
               communications plan.




                                             Peter Staal - february 2011
References in literature
CIA, Inc.: Espionage and the Craft of Business Intelligence
F. W. Rustmann, Jr.




                                               Peter Staal - february 2011
Whos behind it / cases
  References in literature
    - Defector / whistleblower

    - Declassified documents


    - Former employees

    - End of the Cold War
       - End of Soviet Union
       - End of East-Germany


                                 Peter Staal - february 2011
Declassified documents
Polish Ministry of Interior (MSW) II Department (Counterintelligence)




                                                         Peter Staal - february 2011
Declassified documents




                    Peter Staal - february 2011
Declassified documents




                    Peter Staal - february 2011
Declassified documents




                    Peter Staal - february 2011
Declassified documents




                    Peter Staal - february 2011
Declassified documents




                    Peter Staal - february 2011
Declassified documents




                    Peter Staal - february 2011
Declassified documents




                    Peter Staal - february 2011
Declassified documents




Speech / Morse generator   Peter Staal - february 2011
Questions & Answers




                      Peter Staal - february 2011
Peter Staal - february 2011

More Related Content

Lecture - Espionage by the Numbers: Introduction to Number Stations - Delft University 2011

  • 1. Espionage by the Numbers An introduction to Spy Numbers Stations by Peter Staal
  • 2. How they work Whos behind it / cases Q&A Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 3. How they work Anatomy of a message OTP Tables Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 4. How they work Anatomy of a message OTP Tables Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 5. Anatomy of a message Interval/callsign Header - Agent-ID - Message size 5/4 Figure groups Redundancy Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 6. Anatomy of a message Interval/callsign Header - Agent-ID 328 912 - Message size 11 66 5/4 Figure groups Redundancy Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 7. Anatomy of a message Interval/callsign Header - Agent-ID 328 912 - Message size 11 66 5/4 Figure groups Redundancy Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 8. How they work Anatomy of a message OTP Tables Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 10. One-Time-Pad Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 11. One-Time-Pad Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 12. One-Time-Pad Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 13. One-Time-Pad Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 14. One-Time-Pad 74265 34925 23426 cyphertext 18593 47499 45877 OTP ------------------------------ + 82758 71314 68293 cleartext Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 15. One-Time-Pad 74265 34925 23426 cyphertext 18593 47499 45877 OTP ------------------------------ + 82758 71314 68293 cleartext Add (or substract) without carry Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 16. How they work Anatomy of a message OTP Tables Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 17. Tables Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 18. Tables Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 19. Tables Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 20. Tables Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 21. How they work Whos behind it / cases Q&A Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 22. Andy Tower Spokesman British Department of Trade and Industry- 1997 These are what you suppose they are. People shouldnt be mystified by them. They are not for, shall we say, public consumption Telegraph, January 14, 1997 Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 23. Whos behind it / cases Law Enforcement cases Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 24. Whos behind it / cases - Erwin van Haarlem / Vaclav Jelinek arrested 1988 by British Special Branch - WASP-network - arrested 1998 by the FBI - FBI copied decoding software in 1995 - Cuban Five (arrested 2001) Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 25. Whos behind it / cases - Ana Belen Montes (arrested/charged September 21, 2001) - a Senior US Defence Intelligence Agency analyst Affidavit: and received her instructions through encrypted shortwave transmissions from Cuba Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 26. Whos behind it / cases Kendall & Gwendolyn Myers - arrested and indicted June 4, 2009 Kendall Myers (agent 202): top intelligence analyst at the State Department. Gwendolyn Myers (agent 123 / E-634). Spied for about 30 years for Cuba. Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 27. Whos behind it / cases Meet the Myers Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 28. Whos behind it / cases Russian Spy Ring (2010) Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 29. Whos behind it / cases Russian Spy Ring (2010) Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 30. Whos behind it / cases Russian Spy Ring (2010) Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 31. Whos behind it / cases References in literature Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 32. Whos behind it / cases References in literature - Defector / whistleblower - Declassified documents - Let the other guy do the talking - Former employees - End of the Cold War - End of Soviet Union - End of East-Germany Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 33. References in literature Spycraft: Robert Wallace & H. Keith Melton The one-way voice link (OWVL) described a covert communications system that transmitted messages to an agent's unmodified shortwave radio using the high- frequency shortwave bands between 3 and 30 MHz at a predetermined time, date, and frequency contained in their communications plan. Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 34. References in literature CIA, Inc.: Espionage and the Craft of Business Intelligence F. W. Rustmann, Jr. Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 35. Whos behind it / cases References in literature - Defector / whistleblower - Declassified documents - Former employees - End of the Cold War - End of Soviet Union - End of East-Germany Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 36. Declassified documents Polish Ministry of Interior (MSW) II Department (Counterintelligence) Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 37. Declassified documents Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 38. Declassified documents Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 39. Declassified documents Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 40. Declassified documents Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 41. Declassified documents Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 42. Declassified documents Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 43. Declassified documents Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 44. Declassified documents Speech / Morse generator Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 45. Questions & Answers Peter Staal - february 2011
  • 46. Peter Staal - february 2011