Essential computer concepts
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This document provides an overview of essential computer concepts, including the components and types of computer systems, data representation, processing hardware, memory, storage, input/output devices, networks, security threats, system software, application software, and cloud computing. It describes the basic functions and components of computers, such as the central processing unit, motherboard, memory, storage media, input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses how data is transmitted and networks are established, examples of system and application software, and the concept of cloud computing.
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Essential computer concepts
- 1. 速 Microsoft Office 2010 Essential Computer Concepts
- 2. XPXPXPObjectives Compare the types of computers Describe the components of a computer system Examine data representation and the ASCII code Learn about processing hardware Define memory and storage Describe input and output peripheral devices 2Essential Computer Concepts
- 3. XPXPXPObjectives Identify the hardware and software that are used for data communications and to establish a network connection Explain how Internet access, email, and the World Wide Web affect the use of computers Describe potential security threats to computers and protection methods Discuss the types of system software and their functions Identify popular application software Learn about cloud computing 3Essential Computer Concepts
- 4. XPXPXPComputer Advertisement Essential Computer Concepts 4
- 5. XPXPXPWhat Is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device that accepts information and instructions from a user, manipulates the information according to the instructions, displays the information in some way, and stores the information for retrieval later 5Essential Computer Concepts
- 6. XPXPXPTypes of Computers Desktop computers Notebook (laptop) computers Tablet PCs Subnotebook computers Netbooks Slate computers Handheld computers Smartphones MP3 players Mainframe computers Supercomputers 6Essential Computer Concepts
- 7. XPXPXPTypes of Computers 7Essential Computer Concepts
- 8. XPXPXPComputer Systems Includes computer hardware and software Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer Software refers to the intangible components of a computer system, particularly the programs, or lists of instructions, the computer needs to perform a specific task The design and construction of the hardware of a particular computer is referred to as its architecture or configuration The technical details about each component are called specifications 8Essential Computer Concepts
- 9. XPXPXPData Representation Data refers to the words, numbers, figures, sounds, and graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas Binary digits (bits) A series of eight bits is called a byte Kilobyte (KB or K) Megabyte (MB) Gigabyte (GB) Terabyte (TB) ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 9Essential Computer Concepts
- 10. XPXPXPData Representation Essential Computer Concepts 10
- 11. XPXPXPProcessing Hardware The motherboard is the main electronic component of the computer Circuit board The microprocessor is one of the most important pieces of processing hardware on the motherboard Cards are removable circuit boards 11Essential Computer Concepts
- 12. XPXPXPMemory Random access memory (RAM) Volatile memory SDRAM Cache memory (RAM cache or CPU cache) Virtual memory 12Essential Computer Concepts
- 13. XPXPXPMemory Read-only memory (ROM) BIOS Boot process Nonvolatile memory Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS) Semipermanent memory 13Essential Computer Concepts
- 14. XPXPXPStorage Media A computer file is a named collection of stored data An executable file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task A data file is created by a user 14Essential Computer Concepts
- 15. XPXPXPStorage Media Magnetic storage media A hard disk contains several magnetic oxide- covered metal platters that are usually sealed in a case inside the computer 15Essential Computer Concepts
- 16. XPXPXPStorage Media Optical storage device CD DVD CD-R CD-RW CD-ROM DVD-R DVD+R DVD-RW DVD+RW BD-RE 16Essential Computer Concepts
- 17. XPXPXPStorage Media Flash memory Solid state storage Flash memory cards USB flash storage device USB flash drive 17Essential Computer Concepts
- 18. XPXPXPInput and Output The data or instructions you type into the computer are called input The result of the computer processing your input is referred to as output Peripheral devices accomplish input and output functions 18Essential Computer Concepts
- 19. XPXPXPInput Devices You use an input device, such as a keyboard or a mouse, to input data and issue commands Keyboard Ergonomic Pointing device Controls the pointer Mouse Scroll wheel Trackball Touchpad Pointing stick Touchscreen Scanner 19Essential Computer Concepts
- 20. XPXPXPOutput Devices Output devices show you the results of processing data Monitor Flat panel LCD LED Printer Laser Inkjet Dot matrix 20Essential Computer Concepts
- 21. XPXPXPData Communications The transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another or to a peripheral device is called data communications Sender and receiver Channel Protocol Device driver (driver) 21Essential Computer Concepts
- 22. XPXPXPData Bus This path between the microprocessor, RAM, and peripherals is called the data bus Controller card Expansion card Expansion slot 22Essential Computer Concepts
- 23. XPXPXPNetworks A network connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices, enabling you to share data and resources with others Network interface card (NIC) LAN WAN WLAN PAN WiMax 23Essential Computer Concepts
- 24. XPXPXPTelecommunications Telecommunications means communicating over a comparatively long distance using a phone line or some other data conduit Modem Digital and analog signals DSL Broadband connections 24Essential Computer Concepts
- 25. XPXPXPThe Internet The Internet is the largest network in the world, connecting millions of people Email World Wide Web Web page Web site 25Essential Computer Concepts
- 26. XPXPXP Security Threats on Your Computer Security refers to the steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized use of or damage to the computer Malware Viruses Antivirus software Spyware Adware Firewall Spoofed site Phishing Pharming 26Essential Computer Concepts
- 27. XPXPXPSystem Software System software helps the computer carry out its basic operating tasks Operating system System resource Multitasking Utilities Programming Languages 27Essential Computer Concepts
- 28. XPXPXPApplication Software Application software enables you to perform specific computer tasks, such as document production, spreadsheet calculations, and database management Document production software 28Essential Computer Concepts
- 29. XPXPXPApplication Software Web site creation and management software Spreadsheet software Database management software 29Essential Computer Concepts
- 30. XPXPXPApplication Software Presentation software 30Essential Computer Concepts
- 31. XPXPXPApplication Software Essential Computer Concepts 31 Photo editing software Video editing software Multimedia authoring software Accounting software Information management software
- 32. XPXPXPComputing in the Cloud Cloud computing means that data, applications, and even resources are stored on servers accessed over the Internet rather than on users computers, and you access only what you need when you need it Windows Live SkyDrive Essential Computer Concepts 32