Evolucion historica2
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The document traces the historical evolution of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Peru and worldwide from 1986 to 2001 based on data from UNAIDS. It shows maps of Latin America and the Caribbean from 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 with changes over time in the prevalence of HIV infection among the adult population in different countries, ranging from 0-0.1% to over 2-8%.
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Communicable Disease
Chapter 12
Chapter 12: Communicable Disease
1
The Importance of Communicable Diseases
31% of the burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries and 40% of all DALYS.
Disproportionately affect the poor.
Enormous economic consequence.
Relevance to MDGs.
Burden of communicable disease is unnecessary, many can be prevented or treated.
DiseaseMortalityHIV/AIDS1.5 millionTB1.5 millionDiarrhea800,000Malaria550,000
Communicable disease account for 31% of the disease burden in low and middle income countries. This burden is disproportionately high in Africa and in low income people. People with higher education are more likely to protect themselves from the disease in compare to low income and less educated people. The economic consequences of infectious diseases are high. In addition to the high cost of the treatment which forces people to live below the poverty level, it also has negative consequences of the economic growth of the country. This high burden of the disease in unnecessary because many of these condition could easily be prevented with low cost interventions like vaccinations.
2
Key Terms, Definitions, and Concepts
Communicable diseases are the ones that are transmitted from human to human, animal to animal, and animal to human. They could be transmitted directly such as through inhalation or indirectly through a vector like mosquito. The control of communicable disease also depends on a number of factors. Among them are vaccination, vector control, improved sanitation, chemotherapy, disease recognition and improved care seeking, and behavioral change.
3
Communicable disease- transmitted from animal to animal, animal to human, or human to human
Spread (direct and indirect) and contracted through food, water, bodily fluids, vector, inhalation, non-traumatic contact, and traumatic contact
Controlled with vaccination, mass chemotherapy, vector control, improved water and sanitation, improved care seeking and disease recognition, case management, and behavioral change
This table contains communicable disease key terms which we need to be familiar with as it relates to the discussion on communicable diseases.
4
The Burden of Communicable Diseases
31% of total deaths, 40% of total DALYs lost annually in low- and middle-income countries
Relative importance compared to non-communicable diseases and injuries varies by region (refer to slide 6-7).
South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have highest relative burden of deaths from communicable diseases.
Relative importance of specific communicable diseases varies by age, too.
In low and middle income countries, 36% of total deaths and 40% of total DALYs lost annually because of communicable diseases.
5
Deaths from Selected Infections and Parasitic Diseases, as Percent of Total Deaths, by Region 2008
Source: http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/ Accessed Jan 19 2016, .
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Chapter 12
Chapter 12: Communicable Disease
1
The Importance of Communicable Diseases
31% of the burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries and 40% of all DALYS.
Disproportionately affect the poor.
Enormous economic consequence.
Relevance to MDGs.
Burden of communicable disease is unnecessary, many can be prevented or treated.
DiseaseMortalityHIV/AIDS1.5 millionTB1.5 millionDiarrhea800,000Malaria550,000
Communicable disease account for 31% of the disease burden in low and middle income countries. This burden is disproportionately high in Africa and in low income people. People with higher education are more likely to protect themselves from the disease in compare to low income and less educated people. The economic consequences of infectious diseases are high. In addition to the high cost of the treatment which forces people to live below the poverty level, it also has negative consequences of the economic growth of the country. This high burden of the disease in unnecessary because many of these condition could easily be prevented with low cost interventions like vaccinations.
2
Key Terms, Definitions, and Concepts
Communicable diseases are the ones that are transmitted from human to human, animal to animal, and animal to human. They could be transmitted directly such as through inhalation or indirectly through a vector like mosquito. The control of communicable disease also depends on a number of factors. Among them are vaccination, vector control, improved sanitation, chemotherapy, disease recognition and improved care seeking, and behavioral change.
3
Communicable disease- transmitted from animal to animal, animal to human, or human to human
Spread (direct and indirect) and contracted through food, water, bodily fluids, vector, inhalation, non-traumatic contact, and traumatic contact
Controlled with vaccination, mass chemotherapy, vector control, improved water and sanitation, improved care seeking and disease recognition, case management, and behavioral change
This table contains communicable disease key terms which we need to be familiar with as it relates to the discussion on communicable diseases.
4
The Burden of Communicable Diseases
31% of total deaths, 40% of total DALYs lost annually in low- and middle-income countries
Relative importance compared to non-communicable diseases and injuries varies by region (refer to slide 6-7).
South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have highest relative burden of deaths from communicable diseases.
Relative importance of specific communicable diseases varies by age, too.
In low and middle income countries, 36% of total deaths and 40% of total DALYs lost annually because of communicable diseases.
5
Deaths from Selected Infections and Parasitic Diseases, as Percent of Total Deaths, by Region 2008
Source: http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/ Accessed Jan 19 2016, .
South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa shares the highes.Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
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If left untreated, HIV can lead to the disease AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the bodys immune system is badly damaged because of the virus.
In the U.S., most people with HIV do not develop AIDS because taking HIV medicine as prescribed stops the progression of the disease.
A person with HIV is considered to have progressed to AIDS when:
the number of their CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3). (In someone with a healthy immune system, CD4 counts are between 500 and 1,600 cells/mm3.) OR
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The Importance of Communicable Diseases
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Enormous economic consequence.
Relevance to MDGs.
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Communicable diseases are the ones that are transmitted from human to human, animal to animal, and animal to human. They could be transmitted directly such as through inhalation or indirectly through a vector like mosquito. The control of communicable disease also depends on a number of factors. Among them are vaccination, vector control, improved sanitation, chemotherapy, disease recognition and improved care seeking, and behavioral change.
3
Communicable disease- transmitted from animal to animal, animal to human, or human to human
Spread (direct and indirect) and contracted through food, water, bodily fluids, vector, inhalation, non-traumatic contact, and traumatic contact
Controlled with vaccination, mass chemotherapy, vector control, improved water and sanitation, improved care seeking and disease recognition, case management, and behavioral change
This table contains communicable disease key terms which we need to be familiar with as it relates to the discussion on communicable diseases.
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The Burden of Communicable Diseases
31% of total deaths, 40% of total DALYs lost annually in low- and middle-income countries
Relative importance compared to non-communicable diseases and injuries varies by region (refer to slide 6-7).
South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have highest relative burden of deaths from communicable diseases.
Relative importance of specific communicable diseases varies by age, too.
In low and middle income countries, 36% of total deaths and 40% of total DALYs lost annually because of communicable diseases.
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Deaths from Selected Infections and Parasitic Diseases, as Percent of Total Deaths, by Region 2008
Source: http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/ Accessed Jan 19 2016, .
South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa shares the highes.Communicable DiseaseChapter 12Chapter 12 Communicab.docx
Communicable DiseaseChapter 12Chapter 12 Communicab.docxdrandy1
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Communicable Disease
Chapter 12
Chapter 12: Communicable Disease
1
The Importance of Communicable Diseases
31% of the burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries and 40% of all DALYS.
Disproportionately affect the poor.
Enormous economic consequence.
Relevance to MDGs.
Burden of communicable disease is unnecessary, many can be prevented or treated.
DiseaseMortalityHIV/AIDS1.5 millionTB1.5 millionDiarrhea800,000Malaria550,000
Communicable disease account for 31% of the disease burden in low and middle income countries. This burden is disproportionately high in Africa and in low income people. People with higher education are more likely to protect themselves from the disease in compare to low income and less educated people. The economic consequences of infectious diseases are high. In addition to the high cost of the treatment which forces people to live below the poverty level, it also has negative consequences of the economic growth of the country. This high burden of the disease in unnecessary because many of these condition could easily be prevented with low cost interventions like vaccinations.
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Key Terms, Definitions, and Concepts
Communicable diseases are the ones that are transmitted from human to human, animal to animal, and animal to human. They could be transmitted directly such as through inhalation or indirectly through a vector like mosquito. The control of communicable disease also depends on a number of factors. Among them are vaccination, vector control, improved sanitation, chemotherapy, disease recognition and improved care seeking, and behavioral change.
3
Communicable disease- transmitted from animal to animal, animal to human, or human to human
Spread (direct and indirect) and contracted through food, water, bodily fluids, vector, inhalation, non-traumatic contact, and traumatic contact
Controlled with vaccination, mass chemotherapy, vector control, improved water and sanitation, improved care seeking and disease recognition, case management, and behavioral change
This table contains communicable disease key terms which we need to be familiar with as it relates to the discussion on communicable diseases.
4
The Burden of Communicable Diseases
31% of total deaths, 40% of total DALYs lost annually in low- and middle-income countries
Relative importance compared to non-communicable diseases and injuries varies by region (refer to slide 6-7).
South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have highest relative burden of deaths from communicable diseases.
Relative importance of specific communicable diseases varies by age, too.
In low and middle income countries, 36% of total deaths and 40% of total DALYs lost annually because of communicable diseases.
5
Deaths from Selected Infections and Parasitic Diseases, as Percent of Total Deaths, by Region 2008
Source: http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/ Accessed Jan 19 2016, .
South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa shares the highes.Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)Avantika Gupta
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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases. It is spread by contact with certain bodily fluids of a person with HIV, most commonly during unprotected sex (sex without a condom or HIV medicine to prevent or treat HIV), or through sharing injection drug equipment.
If left untreated, HIV can lead to the disease AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the bodys immune system is badly damaged because of the virus.
In the U.S., most people with HIV do not develop AIDS because taking HIV medicine as prescribed stops the progression of the disease.
A person with HIV is considered to have progressed to AIDS when:
the number of their CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3). (In someone with a healthy immune system, CD4 counts are between 500 and 1,600 cells/mm3.) OR
they develop one or more opportunistic infections regardless of their CD4 countHepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis B Virussadiaeva
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introduction, virology, epidemiology, clinical features, modes of transmission, treatment, prevention A Community Assessment of Nutritional Needs/Status of HIV/AIDS among Latinos ...
A Community Assessment of Nutritional Needs/Status of HIV/AIDS among Latinos ...Kayoko Takada (Zahn)
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This document summarizes a community assessment of nutritional needs and HIV/AIDS status among Latinos in the San Joaquin Valley region of California. It finds that Latinos, who make up a large portion of the agricultural workforce in the region, face numerous barriers to accessing HIV prevention, screening, and treatment services due to issues like poverty, lack of transportation, and immigration status. The assessment recommends improving access to existing services, increasing collaboration between organizations, and ensuring availability of nutrition assistance programs to support those at high risk of or living with HIV infection.A Community Assessment of Nutritional Needs/Status of HIV/AIDS among Latinos ...
A Community Assessment of Nutritional Needs/Status of HIV/AIDS among Latinos ...Kayoko Takada (Zahn)
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Evolucion historica2
- 1. Evoluci坦n hist坦rica de la epidemia de VIH / SIDA en el Per炭 y en el Mundo Dra. Margot Vidal Anzardo M辿dico Epidemi坦logo Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
- 5. Prevalence of HIV Infection in Adult Population, Latin America and the Caribbean, 1986 Prevalence in adult population 2 - 8% 1 - 2% 0.5 - 1% 0.1 - 0.5% 0 - 0.1% UNAIDS: World HIV/AIDS Epidemics Report 2002
- 6. Prevalence of HIV Infection in Adult Population, Latin America and the Caribbean, 1991 Prevalence in adult population 2 - 8% 1 - 2% 0.5 - 1% 0.1 - 0.5% 0 - 0.1% UNAIDS: World HIV/AIDS Epidemics Report 2002
- 7. Prevalence of HIV Infection in Adult Population, Latin America and the Caribbean, 1996 Prevalence in adult population 2 - 8% 1 - 2% 0.5 - 1% 0.1 - 0.5% 0 - 0.1% UNAIDS: World HIV/AIDS Epidemics Report 2002
- 8. Prevalence of HIV Infection in Adult Population, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2001 Prevalence in adult population 2 - 8% 1 - 2% 0.5 - 1% 0.1 - 0.5% 0 - 0.1% UNAIDS: World HIV/AIDS Epidemics Report 2002