Exam 2 review chapters 4 and 6 (1)
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This document provides a review of material covered in Chapters 4 and 6 of an organic chemistry textbook. Chapter 4 discusses strain theory and the different conformations of cycloalkanes, including chair and boat conformations of cyclohexane and factors that determine stability. Chapter 6 covers nomenclature of alkenes, determining the degree of unsaturation of molecules, relative stability of cis and trans alkene isomers, and the electrophilic addition mechanism. Students should be prepared to draw and name organic structures and identify stable conformations.
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1. This document provides an overview of topics related to alkanes that will be covered on Exam 2, including the general formulas for acyclic and cyclic alkanes, IUPAC naming conventions, and conformations.
2. It reviews how to name straight carbon chains containing 1-10 carbons, and how to use the IUPAC naming system to identify substituents and derive names.
3. Key aspects of conformations are explained, such as how eclipsed, staggered, and anti arrangements affect stability based on steric strain. Newman projections are introduced as a tool for analyzing stability.Stereochemistry of cyclohexane.pptx
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Cyclohexane exists in stable chair and boat conformations. The chair conformation is more stable due to minimal angle and torsional strain. Substituents on cyclohexane can exist in axial or equatorial positions, with the equatorial position generally being more stable due to less 1,3-diaxial interactions. Disubstituted cyclohexanes can exist as cis or trans isomers, with the trans isomer being more stable for 1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes due to less van der Waals strain.Conformations of fused rings
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1) The document discusses the conformations of fused ring cycloalkanes, using decalin as an example. It describes the chair and boat conformations of cyclohexane and why the chair form is more stable.
2) It also discusses the rapid inversion of the cyclohexane ring and the preference for substituents to be in the equatorial position. This provides insight into the stereochemistry of fused ring compounds.
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2) It also discusses the rapid inversion of the cyclohexane ring and the preference for substituents to be in the equatorial position. This provides insight into the stereochemistry of fused ring compounds.
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Exam 2 review chapters 4 and 6 (1)
- 1. Exam 2 Review Chapters 4 and 6<br />Chapter 4 Cycloalkanes<br />-Strain theory: relative amounts of angle strain for cyclopropane-cycloheptane-Puckering, non-planar conformations-Causes of torsional strain, how it relates to conformation, relative energy contributions depending on substituents-Types of steric strain, how it relates to conformation, relative energy contributions depending on substituents<br />Conformation of cyclohexane<br />-Be able to draw a chair conformation, indicate axial and equatorial substituents; and what orientation they in after a ring flip-1,3-diaxial interactions, relative energy contributions depending on substituents, how this predicts which chair conformation is preferred-Know when a boat conformation when you see it and know why its not preferred-Be able to name bicyclic compounds<br />Disubstituted cyclohexanes<br />-Cis versus trans, know if a substituent will be axial or equatorial by where it is located on the ring and whether it is cis or trans to another substituent-Be able to decide which chair conformation is more stable depending on how it is disubstituted-Be able to draw a wedge-dash structure of a substituted cyclohexane from a chair or boat structure<br />-Know which conformation of decalin is most stable<br />Chapter 6 Alkenes and stereochemistry<br />-Nomenclature-aliphatic and cyclic alkenes; be able to give the name or draw a structure from a name-Know when to use cis or trans; E or Z (for tri and tetrasubstituted alkenes) use priority rules for groups on either side of the bond-Saturated molecules- definition and calculating the degree of unsaturation (D.O.U.) of molecules containing C, H, O, N or halogens-Be able to draw a structure from the molecular formula and D.O.U.-Stability of alkenes cis versus trans, di, tri, tetrasubstituted alkenes, hyperconjugation-Electrophilic Addition of HX to alkenes: know the mechanism, carbocation intermediates-which carbocation is more stable 3>2>1> -CH3Remember Homework problems and assignments questions could be possible questions!<br />