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JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Outline of AQR Operation
Frame
401 1/3
4. Exciter Behavior in AQR Operation
**401 Outline of AQR Operation **
T畛ng quan v畛 b畛 AQR.
4. Exciter Behavior in AQR Operation.
Ho畉t 畛ng c畛a b畛 AQR.
Now, lets look at the behavior of the exciter during AQR operation, a system used almost as much as AVR.
B但y gi畛 ch炭ng ta h達y xem x辿t ho畉t 畛ng c畛a AQR m h畉u h畉t c叩c h畛 th畛ng k鱈ch t畛 畛u s畛 d畛ng b畛 ny.
AQR operation is the situation where the exciter controls excitation current so as to ensure that the generator
reactive power is maintained at the set level.
B畛 AQR lm vi畛c trong tr動畛ng h畛p h畛 th畛ng k鱈ch t畛 i畛u ch畛nh d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 sao cho c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng
c畛a m叩y ph叩t n畉m trong v湛ng gi叩 tr畛 畉t.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
55
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Outline of AQR Operation
Frame
401 2/3
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
When going to AQR operation, the AQR is switched ON, although it was cut out of the circuit during AVR
operation.
Khi 動a b畛 AQR vo lm vi畛c ta v畉n kho叩 AQR sang v畛 tr鱈 ON, m畉c d湛 n坦 b畛 c畉t kh畛i m畉ch trong su畛t qu叩
tr狸nh b畛 AVR lm vi畛c.
Activate 40AQR!
Im activating 40AQR!
40AQR activated  Check!
40AQR is activated!
Tokyo Electric Power Company
56
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Outline of AQR Operation
Frame
401 3/3
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
As a result, the contact of this 43-57X has been switched to this side and 90R has been set based on the control
signal from AQR.
Nh動 ch炭ng ta 達 bi畉t, c叩c ti畉p i畛m 43-57X s畉 chuy畛n m畉ch nh動 h狸nh v畉 v i畛n tr畛 90R s畉 動畛c i畛u ch畛nh
d畛a tr棚n t鱈n hi畛u i畛u khi畛n t畛 AQR.
That is to say, that on the exciter circuit, this 90R is set by the system voltage under parallel AVR operation,
and under AQR operation, 90R is set by the control signal from the AQR.
Nh動 v畉y c坦 th畛 n坦i 畛i v畛i h畛 th畛ng k鱈ch th鱈ch, i畛n tr畛 90R 動畛c 畉t b畉ng i畛n 叩p h畛 th畛ng 畛 ch畉 畛 AVR,
c嘆n 畛 ch畉 畛 AQR n坦 動畛c 畉t b畛i t鱈n hi畛u i畛u khi畛n t畛 AQR.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
57
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Reactive Power & Excitatn Current
Frame
402 1/8
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
**402 Reactive Power & Excitatn Current **
C担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch t畛.
Lets look at the behavior of the exciter circuit during AQR operation.
Ch炭ng ta h達y xem x辿t s畛 thay 畛i c畛a d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 khi b畛 AQR lm vi畛c.
During AQR operation, this AQR detects the reactive power based on generator voltage and current.
Khi b畛 AQR 動畛c 動a vo lm vi畛c, n坦 s畉 nh畉n c担ng o c担ng su畉t v担 c担ng d畛a vo d嘆ng i畛n v i畛n 叩p c畛a
m叩y ph叩t.
It compares the detected reactive power and the settings of these two setter units.
Sau 坦 s畉 so s叩nh c担ng su畉t v担 c担ng ny v畛i c叩c gi叩 tr畛 畉t c畛a hai i畛n tr畛 gi畛i h畉n l 57R(a) v 57R(b).
If there is a difference, a control signal is sent to 90R to eliminate this difference.
N畉u c坦 s畛 kh叩c nhau th狸 m畛t t鱈n hi畛u i畛u khi畛n s畉 動畛c g畛i t畛i i畛u ch畛nh gi叩 tr畛 i畛n tr畛 90R 畛 lo畉i tr畛 s畛
kh叩c bi畛t 坦.
90R uses the AVR to increase or decrease the exciting current and adjust the reactive power.
Khi gi叩 tr畛 畉t i畛n tr畛 90R thay 畛i th狸 b畛 AVR s畉 i畛u ch畛nh tng ho畉c gi畉m d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 do 坦 達 i畛u ch畛nh
c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
58
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Reactive Power & Excitatn Current
Frame
402 2/8
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
During AQR operation mode.
Trong ch畉 畛 AQR.
The generator output and the generator voltage are constant, but you can see that the exciting current is
changing in line with the changes of the reactive power of the generator.
C担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng v i畛n 叩p 畉u c畛c m叩y ph叩t 動畛c gi畛 kh担ng 畛i tuy nhi棚n d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch t畛 v c担ng su畉t
ph畉n kh叩ng thay 畛i tuy畉n t鱈nh v畛i nhau.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
59
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Reactive Power & Excitatn Current
Frame
402 3/8
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Reactive power of the generator and exciting current.
M畛i quan h畛 gi畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch th鱈ch.
To understand the role of the AQR, the correlation of these two must be made clear.
畛 hi畛u 動畛c vai tr嘆 c畛a b畛 AQR th狸 m畛i quan h畛 gi畛a c叩c 畉i l動畛ng ny c畉n 動畛c s叩ng t畛.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
60
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Reactive Power & Excitatn Current
Frame
402 4/8
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
The correlation of the voltage of the generator and the exciting current during AVR operation is like this, as we
have already seen.
M畛i quan h畛 gi畛a i畛n 叩p m叩y ph叩t v d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch th鱈ch trong ch畉 畛 AVR 動畛c th畛 hi畛n nh動 tr棚n h狸nh v畉
(h狸nh 1).
So, how do you envisage the correlation of reactive power and exciting current during AQR operation?
B畉n h達y d畛 o叩n xem, m畛i quan h畛 gi畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 trong ch畉 AQR?
Click on the graph which you think best expresses this correlation.
H達y k鱈ch chu畛t vo h狸nh m b畉n cho l 炭ng.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
61
鐔
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Reactive Power & Excitatn Current
Frame
402 5/8
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
the upper right graph鐚
Yes, that is correct.
鐚the left right graph鐚
No, that is not correct.
鐚the lower right graph鐚
No, that is not correct. This is not minus exciting current.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
62
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Reactive Power & Excitatn Current
Frame
402 6/8
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
The correlation of reactive power and exciting current is like this.
M畛i quan h畛 gi畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng k鱈ch th鱈ch th畛 hi畛n nh動 h狸nh v畉.
Lets look at the movement of the meter needles once again during AQR operation.
Ch炭ng ta h達y c湛ng xem l畉i s畛 di chy畛n c畛a kim ch畛 c叩c 畛ng h畛 m畛t l畉n n畛a trong ch畉 畛 AQR.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
63
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Reactive Power & Excitatn Current
Frame
402 7/8
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
During AQR operation mode.
Trong ch畉 畛 AQR.
The generator output and the generator voltage are constant, but you can see that the exciting current is
changing in line with the changes of the reactive power of the generator.
C担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng v i畛n 叩p m叩y ph叩t l kh担ng 畛i, tuy nhi棚n nh動 b畉n th畉y d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch t畛 thay 畛i tuy畉n
t鱈nh v畛i c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
64
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Reactive Power & Excitatn Current
Frame
402 8/8
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Now, well look at the mechanism involved.
B但y gi畛 ch炭ng ta h達y xem xet v畛 c畉u t畉o c畛a b畛 AQR.
First of all, lets consider the nature of reactive power.
Tr動畛c h畉t, ch炭ng ta t狸m hi畛u b畉n ch畉t c畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
65
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Voltage & Current Phase Difference
Frame
403 1/3
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
**403 Voltage & Current Phase Difference **
G坦c l畛ch pha gi畛a i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n.
Depending on the system load, the electric power provided from a generator may not all be utilized effectively.
Tu畛 thu畛c vo ph畛 t畉i m c担ng su畉t m叩y ph叩t ph叩t ra c坦 th畛 kh担ng hon ton l c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng.
You already know that active power and reactive power exist.
Nh動 b畉n 達 bi畉t l c坦 c畉 c担ng su畉t h畛u c担ng v c担ng su畉t v担 c担ng.
Lets conduct an experiment to make this clearer.
Ch炭ng ta h達y d畉n ra m畛t th鱈 nghi畛m 畛 lm r探 i畛u ny.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
66
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Voltage & Current Phase Difference
Frame
403 2/3
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Resistance, coils and capacitors.
These are the three main elements of system load.
T畉i c坦 3 ph畉n t畛 ch畛 y畉u l i畛n tr畛, cu畛n d但y v t畛 i畛n.
We will connect each of them to a single phase AC power source and allow current to flow.
Lets look at the changes that occur in voltage and current.
B但y gi畛 ch炭ng ta s畉 n畛i m畛i ph畉n t畛 坦 m畛t c叩ch ri棚ng r畉 vo m畉ch xoay chi畛u m畛t pha v cho d嘆ng i畛n i
qua.
i畛u g狸 s畉 x畉y ra 畛i v畛i i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n.
In the resistance circuit, voltage and current change in the same phase.
畛i v畛i m畉ch thu畉n tr畛 th狸 d嘆ng i畛n v i畛n 叩p l 畛ng pha.
The coil circuit.
The current has a 90-degree phase lag compared to the voltage.
畛i v畛i m畉ch thu畉n c畉m d嘆ng i畛n ch畉m pha 900
so v畛i i畛n 叩p.
Looking at the capacitor circuit, the current has a 90-degree phase advance compared to the voltage.
畛i v畛i m畉ch thu畉n dung, d嘆ng i畛n v動畛t pha 900
so v畛i i畛n 叩p.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
67
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Voltage & Current Phase Difference
Frame
403 3/3
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
The difference in phase between voltage and current generates the reactive power.
S畛 l畛ch pha gi畛a d嘆ng i畛n v i畛n 叩p t畉o ra c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
68
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Resistance & Power
Frame
404 1/2
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
**404 Resistance & Power **
i棚n tr畛 v c担ng su畉t.
In the resistance circuit, voltage and current changed in the same phase.
畛i v畛i m畉ch thu畉n tr畛, i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n c湛ng pha.
Thus, the positive and negative states of voltage and current are always the same.
Do v畉y i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n c湛ng d畉u v畛i nhau trong m畛i th畛i i畛m.
Power can be calculated by multiplying voltage and current, and so power is constantly positive  and it is
shown in this section.
C担ng su畉t 動畛c t鱈nh b畉ng t鱈ch c畛a i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n v do 坦 lu担n d動董ng v 動畛c th畛 hi畛n nh動 h狸nh v畉.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
69
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Resistance & Power
Frame
404 2/2
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
This power is consumed by the resistance, and it gives off heat as the work load.
C担ng su畉t ny ti棚u t叩n b畛i i畛n tr畛 d動畛i d畉ng nhi畛t nhi畛t nng.
This is active power.
但y g畛i l c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
70
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Coils & Power
Frame
405 1/3
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
**405 Coils & Power **
Cu畛n kh叩ng v c担ng su畉t.
When AC power is applied to the coil, a current flows.
Khi i畛n 叩p xoay chi畛u 動畛c 畉t vo cu畛n d但y, c坦 d嘆ng i畛n i qua.
However, as we have already learned  changes in the magnetic field are generated due to the changes in the
current.
Tuy nhi棚n nh動 ta 達 bi畉t, i畛n tr動畛ng thay 畛i ph畛 thu畛c vo s畛 thay 畛i c畛a d嘆ng i畛n.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
71
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Coils & Power
Frame
405 2/3
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
In accordance with Lenzs Law, at that time EMF is generated to oppose the changes in the magnetic field, and
due to the EMF, there is a lag in the changes in the current compared to the voltage.
Theo 畛nh lu畉t Lenz, s畛c i畛n 畛ng 動畛c sinh ra 畛 ch畛ng l畉i s畛 thay 畛i c畛a tr動畛ng i畛n t畛 v do v畉y d嘆ng
i畛n s畉 ch畉m pha so v畛i i畛n 叩p.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
72
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Coils & Power
Frame
405 3/3
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
In the experiment, there was a 90-degree lag.
Trong th鱈 nghi畛m ny, d嘆ng i畛n s畉 ch畉m pha so v畛i i畛n 叩p m畛t g坦c l 900
As a result, as we see here, the positive and negative power offset each other, and the power consumed by the
coil becomes zero.
Nh動 ch炭ng ta th畉y, c担ng su畉t 但m v d動董ng b畉ng nhau do 坦 t畛ng c担ng su畉t ti棚u t叩n l 0.
That is to say, even if current flows in the coil, it does no work.
Nh動 th畉 c坦 th畛 n坦i r畉ng khi c坦 d嘆ng i畛n i qua cu畛n d但y n坦 "kh担ng g但y 畉nh h動畛ng g狸".
However, in reality the coil generates this amount of power.
Tuy nhi棚n, trong th畛c t畉 cu畛n d但y c畛a m叩y ph叩t l畉i mang m畛t nng l動畛ng r畉t l畛n.
The power that is generated by this phase difference does no external work, and this power is reactive power.
C担ng su畉t 動畛c t畉o ra b畛i s畛 kh叩c pha s畉 kh担ng t叩c d畛ng l棚n 畛i t動畛ng kh叩c v c担ng su畉t ny 動畛c g畛i l
c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
As the current lags behind the voltage, this is known as lagging reactive power.
D嘆ng i畛n ch畉m pha so v畛i i畛n 叩p t畉o n棚n c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
73
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Capacitors & Power
Frame
406 1/2
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
**406 Capacitors & Power **
T畛 i畛n v c担ng su畉t.
So, what will happen if AC voltage is applied to the capacitor?
i畛u g狸 s畉 x畉y ra n畉u i畛n 叩p xoay chi畛u 動畛c 畉t l棚n t畛?
Click on the switch.
H達y k鱈ch chu畛t l棚n kho叩 坦ng m畉ch.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
74
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Capacitors & Power
Frame
406 2/2
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
When AC voltage is applied to the capacitor, the capacitor will alternate between charging and discharging,
and a current will flow.
Khi i畛n 叩p xoay chi畛u 動畛c 畉t l棚n t畛, t畛 i畛n s畉 ph坦ng n畉p theo chu k畛 v nh動 v畉y cho d嘆ng i畛n i qua.
In the experiment, the current is in advance of the voltage by 90-degrees.
Theo th鱈 nghi畛m ta th畉y d嘆ng i畛n v動畛t tr動畛c i畛n 叩p 1 g坦c 900
.
As a result, the positive and negative elements of the power are offset, as was the case with the coil, and the
power consumed by the capacitor is zero.
Nh動 ch炭ng ta th畉y, ph畉n c担ng su畉t 但m v d動董ng b畉ng nhau t動董ng t畛 nh動 tr動畛ng h畛p c畛a cu畛n d但y, c担ng su畉t
ti棚u hao tr棚n t畛 b畉ng kh担ng.
These areas show the reactive power.
Ph畉n di畛n t鱈ch ch畛 ra tr棚n h狸nh v畉 th畛 hi畛n c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
In the case of a capacitor, the current is in advance of the voltage, and this is known as leading reactive power.
Nh動 v畉y th鱈 nghi畛m v畛i t畛 d嘆ng i畛n v動畛t pha so v畛i i畛n 叩p.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
75
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Active Power & Reactive Power
Frame
407 1/2
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
** 407 Active Power & Reactive Power **
C担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng v c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
The actual system load is mainly the combined sum of the resistors and coil elements. The power supplied
from the generator is divided into active power P and lag reactive power Q.
Trong th畛c t畉 t畉i th動畛ng bao g畛m 2 thnh ph畉n l i畛n tr畛 v i畛n c畉m. C担ng su畉t ph叩t ra t畛 m叩y ph叩t 動畛c
chia thnh hai ph畉n c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng P v c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng Q.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
76
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Active Power & Reactive Power
Frame
407 2/2
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
The sizes of these are each expressed by the length of arrows, and the resultant power is the apparent power
Ps.
畛 l畛n c畛a m畛i thnh ph畉n c担ng su畉t 動畛c bi畛u di畛n b畛i 畛 l畛n c畛a c叩c v辿ct董, t畛ng hai v辿c t董 ny l v辿ct董
c担ng su畉t ton ph畉n hay c嘆n g畛i l c担ng su畉t bi畛u ki畉n, Ps.
Depending on the capacity of the generator, it must be operated so that this apparent power Ps is contained
within this range.
Tu畛 thu畛c vo c担ng su畉t c畛a m叩y ph叩t m n坦 ph畉i lm vi畛c trong v湛ng cho ph辿p n棚n c担ng su畉t bi畛u ki畉n c滴ng
ph畉i n畉m trong gi畛i h畉n ch畛 ra tr棚n h狸nh v畉.
For example, when it is necessary to acquire this much active power, the lagging reactive power can only rise
to a maximum of this size.
Gi畉 s畛, khi ph畛 t畉i 嘆i h畛i tng l動畛ng c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng th狸 c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng ph叩t ra (+Q) ch畛 c坦 th畛 tng
畉n gi叩 tr畛 l畛n nh畉t theo chi畛u 動畛c ch畛 ra tr棚n h狸nh v畉.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
77
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Demag & Magnetization Effect
Frame
408 1/7
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
**408 Demag & Magnetization Effect**
Hi畛u 畛ng kh畛 t畛 v hi畛u 畛ng tr畛 t畛.
The nature of reactive power has now become clear to you, and so we will now look at the relationship of
reactive power and exciting current.
畉n 但y b畉n 達 bi畉t t動董ng 畛i r探 v畛 b畉n ch畉t c畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng, b但y gi畛 ch炭ng ta h達y xem x辿t m畛i
quan h畛 gi畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛.
Lets consider the situation when disturbances such as changes in the system load cause changes in the lagging
reactive power.
Gi畉 s畛 do m畛t nhi畛u lo畉n no 坦 c畛a h畛 th畛ng, ch畉ng h畉n t畉i c畛a h畛 th畛ng thay 畛i lm thay 畛i l動畛ng c担ng
su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
When changes occur in the lagging reactive power, the current flowing in the generators stators changes, and
changes in the magnetic field occur.
Khi c坦 s畛 thay 畛i v畛 c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng, d嘆ng i畛n ch畉y qua cu畛n d但y stato c畛a m叩y ph叩t thay 畛i v do
坦 lm thay 畛i t畛 th担ng.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
78
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Demag & Magnetization Effect
Frame
408 2/7
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
For example, when the lagging reactive power increases, the direction of its magnetic field becomes opposite
to the magnetic field of the rotor and works as a demagnetization effect.
V鱈 d畛, khi c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng ph叩t tng, chi畛u c畛a t畛 tr動畛ng stato ng動畛c v畛i chi畛u t畛 tr動畛ng r担to v g但y ra
hi畛u 畛ng kh畛 t畛.
As a result, the magnetic field in the generator weakens, and if this continues, the generator voltage would
drop.
K畉t qu畉 lm cho tr動畛ng i畛n t畛 y畉u i v n畉u c畛 ti畉p t畛c th狸 i畛n 叩p c畛a m叩y ph叩t s畉 gi畉m.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
79
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Demag & Magnetization Effect
Frame
408 3/7
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
So, if exciting current is increased and the rotor magnetic field is strengthened, the strength of the magnetic
field in the generator would be maintained, and the generator voltage can be maintained at the set level.
V狸 v畉y, n畉u tng d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 v t畛 tr動畛ng r担to tng th狸 t畛 tr動畛ng m叩y ph叩t c坦 th畛 動畛c gi畛 畛n 畛nh v nh動 th畉
i畛n 叩p c畛a m叩y ph叩t c滴ng 動畛c gi畛 畛 gi叩 tr畛 畉t.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
80
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Demag & Magnetization Effect
Frame
408 4/7
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Conversely, when the lagging reactive power decreases, a magnetization effect is set up, and so by decreasing
exciting current, the rotor magnetic field is weakened.
Ng動畛c l畉i, khi c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng ph叩t gi畉m, hi畛u 畛ng tr畛 t畛 動畛c thi畉t l畉p v do 坦 b畉ng c叩ch gi畉m d嘆ng
k鱈ch th鱈ch, t畛 tr動畛ng r担to tr畛 n棚n nh畛 h董n.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
81
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Demag & Magnetization Effect
Frame
408 5/7
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Tokyo Electric Power Company
82
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Demag & Magnetization Effect
Frame
408 6/7
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Tokyo Electric Power Company
83
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Demag & Magnetization Effect
Frame
408 7/7
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Thus, you have come to understand the reason for reactive power and exciting current being controlled in this
kind of relationship by the exciter when the AQR is in operation.
Nh動 v畉y, b畉n 達 bi畉t 動畛c nguy棚n t畉c i畛u khi畛n d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 trong ch畉 畛 AQR.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
84
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems
Frame
409 1/6
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
**409 Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems**
Vai tr嘆 c畛a b畛 AQR v 3 h畛 th畛ng i畛u khi畛n.
The AQR detects reactive power of the generator voltage and current, and makes a comparison with the set
levels.
B畛 AQR o l動畛ng c担ng su但t ph畉n kh叩ng c畛a m叩y ph叩t th担ng qua i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n, t畛 坦 so s叩nh v畛i c叩c
gi叩 tr畛 畉t.
If there is a difference, it sends a control signal to 90R to offset this, and raises and lowers exciting current
through the AVR and so adjusts the reactive power.
N畉u c坦 s畛 kh叩c nhau, b畛 AQR s畉 g畛i t鱈n hi畛u i畛u khi畛n thay 畛i gi叩 tr畛 畉t c畛a i畛n tr畛 90R, khi 坦 vi畛c tng
hay gi畉m d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch th鱈ch l do b畛 AVR, khi 坦 c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng 動畛c i畛u ch畛nh.
There are three control systems for the AQR:
C坦 3 d畉ng 畉c t鱈nh i畛u ch畛nh cho b畛 AQR.
Constant reactive power control, or Q = a
Th畛 nh畉t, gi畛 c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng b畉ng h畉ng s畛: Q = 0
Constant power factor control, or Q = b.p
Th畛 hai, 畉c t鱈nh i畛u ch畛nh l 動畛ng tuy畉n t鱈nh qua g畛c to畉 畛.
And there is a control system which combines these two:Q = a + b.p
Cu畛i c湛ng, 畉c t鱈nh i畛u ch畛nh l 動畛ng tuy畉n t鱈nh kh担ng i qua g畛c to畉 畛.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
85
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Select each item and click on it. An explanation will appear.
When you have understood all the items, click on the Go To Next tile.
H達y k鱈ch vo m畛i 畉c t鱈nh, l畛i gi畉i th鱈ch s畉 xu畉t h畛棚n.
Khi b畉n 達 hi畛u h畉t t畉t c畉 c叩c 畉c t鱈nh, h達y k鱈ch l棚n "Go To Next".
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems
Frame
409 2/6
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Tokyo Electric Power Company
86
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
Reactive power is controlled by this 57R reactive power setting device.
C担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng 動畛c i畛u khi畛n b畉ng b畛 畉t th担ng qua i畛n tr畛 57R.
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems
Frame
409 3/6
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Tokyo Electric Power Company
87
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
This is a control system in which a constant supply of reactive power is obtained irrespective of active power.
H畛 th畛ng i畛u khi畛n v畛i 畉c t鱈nh c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng b畉ng h畉ng s畛 khi thay 畛i c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng.
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems
Frame
409 4/6
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Tokyo Electric Power Company
88
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
The power factor is controlled by this 55R power factor setting device.
C担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng d動畛c i畛u khi畛n b畉ng b畛 畉t th担ng qua i畛n tr畛 55R.
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems
Frame
409 5/6
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Tokyo Electric Power Company
89
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
This is a system for controlling the power factor at a constant level by controlling reactive power.
H畛 th畛ng i畛u khi畛n ny (c坦 動畛ng 畉c t鱈nh i qua g畛c to畉 畛) d湛ng 畛 gi畛 h畛 s畛 c担ng su畉t cos l kh担ng 畛i
b畉ng c叩ch i畛u ch畛nh l動畛ng c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng.
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems
Frame
409 6/6
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Tokyo Electric Power Company
90
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
In this system, the reactive power amount is kept at the set value by using 57R, and then the power factor is
controlled to ensure that it keeps the setting by using 55R.
畛i v畛i h畛 th畛ng i畛u khi畛n v畛i 動畛ng 畉c t鱈nh tuy畉n t鱈nh nh動ng kh担ng qua g畛c to畉 畛 th狸 l動畛ng c担ng su畉t
ph畉n kh叩ng ph叩t 動畛c gi畛 鱈t nh畉t b畉ng gi叩 tr畛 畉t 畛 畛棚n tr畛 57R v h畛 s畛 c担ng su畉t cos 動畛c i畛u khi畛n b畉ng
c叩ch 畉t 畛 i畛n tr畛 55R.
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Summary Quiz - 4
Frame
410 1/2
4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation
Tokyo Electric Power Company
91
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
**410 Summary Quiz  4 **
T畛ng k畉t ph畉n 4.
This is the operation allowable limit curve showing the power generation capacity of the generator.
但y l 動畛ng 畉c t鱈nh h畉n ch畉 kh畉 nng ph叩t c畛a m叩y ph叩t.
These are figures showing the various control systems for AQR.
Select the most appropriate names and control systems from the options, and input them into the blanks.
Tr棚n h狸nh 動a ra c叩c d畉ng 畉c t鱈nh i畛u khi畛n c畛a b畛 AQR.
H達y ch畛n c叩c 動畛ng ph湛 h畛p nh畉t r畛i i畛n vo ch畛 tr畛ng.
Exciter Course
in Hydro Power Station
Title
Summary Quiz - 4
Frame
410 2/2
4. Exciter Behavior in AQR Operation
Tokyo Electric Power Company
92
JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station]
鐚Correct鐚
That is correct.
This is very important, so please get a proper understanding of the points.
鐚Incorrect鐚
No, that is not correct.
The areas highlighted in red are incorrect.
Have you understood the incorrect areas?
This is very important, so please get a proper understanding of the points.
Tokyo Electric Power Company
93

More Related Content

Exciter behavior in aqr operation

  • 1. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Outline of AQR Operation Frame 401 1/3 4. Exciter Behavior in AQR Operation **401 Outline of AQR Operation ** T畛ng quan v畛 b畛 AQR. 4. Exciter Behavior in AQR Operation. Ho畉t 畛ng c畛a b畛 AQR. Now, lets look at the behavior of the exciter during AQR operation, a system used almost as much as AVR. B但y gi畛 ch炭ng ta h達y xem x辿t ho畉t 畛ng c畛a AQR m h畉u h畉t c叩c h畛 th畛ng k鱈ch t畛 畛u s畛 d畛ng b畛 ny. AQR operation is the situation where the exciter controls excitation current so as to ensure that the generator reactive power is maintained at the set level. B畛 AQR lm vi畛c trong tr動畛ng h畛p h畛 th畛ng k鱈ch t畛 i畛u ch畛nh d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 sao cho c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng c畛a m叩y ph叩t n畉m trong v湛ng gi叩 tr畛 畉t. Tokyo Electric Power Company 55
  • 2. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Outline of AQR Operation Frame 401 2/3 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation When going to AQR operation, the AQR is switched ON, although it was cut out of the circuit during AVR operation. Khi 動a b畛 AQR vo lm vi畛c ta v畉n kho叩 AQR sang v畛 tr鱈 ON, m畉c d湛 n坦 b畛 c畉t kh畛i m畉ch trong su畛t qu叩 tr狸nh b畛 AVR lm vi畛c. Activate 40AQR! Im activating 40AQR! 40AQR activated Check! 40AQR is activated! Tokyo Electric Power Company 56
  • 3. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Outline of AQR Operation Frame 401 3/3 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation As a result, the contact of this 43-57X has been switched to this side and 90R has been set based on the control signal from AQR. Nh動 ch炭ng ta 達 bi畉t, c叩c ti畉p i畛m 43-57X s畉 chuy畛n m畉ch nh動 h狸nh v畉 v i畛n tr畛 90R s畉 動畛c i畛u ch畛nh d畛a tr棚n t鱈n hi畛u i畛u khi畛n t畛 AQR. That is to say, that on the exciter circuit, this 90R is set by the system voltage under parallel AVR operation, and under AQR operation, 90R is set by the control signal from the AQR. Nh動 v畉y c坦 th畛 n坦i 畛i v畛i h畛 th畛ng k鱈ch th鱈ch, i畛n tr畛 90R 動畛c 畉t b畉ng i畛n 叩p h畛 th畛ng 畛 ch畉 畛 AVR, c嘆n 畛 ch畉 畛 AQR n坦 動畛c 畉t b畛i t鱈n hi畛u i畛u khi畛n t畛 AQR. Tokyo Electric Power Company 57
  • 4. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Reactive Power & Excitatn Current Frame 402 1/8 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation **402 Reactive Power & Excitatn Current ** C担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch t畛. Lets look at the behavior of the exciter circuit during AQR operation. Ch炭ng ta h達y xem x辿t s畛 thay 畛i c畛a d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 khi b畛 AQR lm vi畛c. During AQR operation, this AQR detects the reactive power based on generator voltage and current. Khi b畛 AQR 動畛c 動a vo lm vi畛c, n坦 s畉 nh畉n c担ng o c担ng su畉t v担 c担ng d畛a vo d嘆ng i畛n v i畛n 叩p c畛a m叩y ph叩t. It compares the detected reactive power and the settings of these two setter units. Sau 坦 s畉 so s叩nh c担ng su畉t v担 c担ng ny v畛i c叩c gi叩 tr畛 畉t c畛a hai i畛n tr畛 gi畛i h畉n l 57R(a) v 57R(b). If there is a difference, a control signal is sent to 90R to eliminate this difference. N畉u c坦 s畛 kh叩c nhau th狸 m畛t t鱈n hi畛u i畛u khi畛n s畉 動畛c g畛i t畛i i畛u ch畛nh gi叩 tr畛 i畛n tr畛 90R 畛 lo畉i tr畛 s畛 kh叩c bi畛t 坦. 90R uses the AVR to increase or decrease the exciting current and adjust the reactive power. Khi gi叩 tr畛 畉t i畛n tr畛 90R thay 畛i th狸 b畛 AVR s畉 i畛u ch畛nh tng ho畉c gi畉m d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 do 坦 達 i畛u ch畛nh c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. Tokyo Electric Power Company 58
  • 5. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Reactive Power & Excitatn Current Frame 402 2/8 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation During AQR operation mode. Trong ch畉 畛 AQR. The generator output and the generator voltage are constant, but you can see that the exciting current is changing in line with the changes of the reactive power of the generator. C担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng v i畛n 叩p 畉u c畛c m叩y ph叩t 動畛c gi畛 kh担ng 畛i tuy nhi棚n d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch t畛 v c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng thay 畛i tuy畉n t鱈nh v畛i nhau. Tokyo Electric Power Company 59
  • 6. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Reactive Power & Excitatn Current Frame 402 3/8 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Reactive power of the generator and exciting current. M畛i quan h畛 gi畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch th鱈ch. To understand the role of the AQR, the correlation of these two must be made clear. 畛 hi畛u 動畛c vai tr嘆 c畛a b畛 AQR th狸 m畛i quan h畛 gi畛a c叩c 畉i l動畛ng ny c畉n 動畛c s叩ng t畛. Tokyo Electric Power Company 60
  • 7. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Reactive Power & Excitatn Current Frame 402 4/8 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation The correlation of the voltage of the generator and the exciting current during AVR operation is like this, as we have already seen. M畛i quan h畛 gi畛a i畛n 叩p m叩y ph叩t v d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch th鱈ch trong ch畉 畛 AVR 動畛c th畛 hi畛n nh動 tr棚n h狸nh v畉 (h狸nh 1). So, how do you envisage the correlation of reactive power and exciting current during AQR operation? B畉n h達y d畛 o叩n xem, m畛i quan h畛 gi畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 trong ch畉 AQR? Click on the graph which you think best expresses this correlation. H達y k鱈ch chu畛t vo h狸nh m b畉n cho l 炭ng. Tokyo Electric Power Company 61 鐔
  • 8. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Reactive Power & Excitatn Current Frame 402 5/8 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation the upper right graph鐚 Yes, that is correct. 鐚the left right graph鐚 No, that is not correct. 鐚the lower right graph鐚 No, that is not correct. This is not minus exciting current. Tokyo Electric Power Company 62
  • 9. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Reactive Power & Excitatn Current Frame 402 6/8 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation The correlation of reactive power and exciting current is like this. M畛i quan h畛 gi畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng k鱈ch th鱈ch th畛 hi畛n nh動 h狸nh v畉. Lets look at the movement of the meter needles once again during AQR operation. Ch炭ng ta h達y c湛ng xem l畉i s畛 di chy畛n c畛a kim ch畛 c叩c 畛ng h畛 m畛t l畉n n畛a trong ch畉 畛 AQR. Tokyo Electric Power Company 63
  • 10. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Reactive Power & Excitatn Current Frame 402 7/8 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation During AQR operation mode. Trong ch畉 畛 AQR. The generator output and the generator voltage are constant, but you can see that the exciting current is changing in line with the changes of the reactive power of the generator. C担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng v i畛n 叩p m叩y ph叩t l kh担ng 畛i, tuy nhi棚n nh動 b畉n th畉y d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch t畛 thay 畛i tuy畉n t鱈nh v畛i c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. Tokyo Electric Power Company 64
  • 11. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Reactive Power & Excitatn Current Frame 402 8/8 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Now, well look at the mechanism involved. B但y gi畛 ch炭ng ta h達y xem xet v畛 c畉u t畉o c畛a b畛 AQR. First of all, lets consider the nature of reactive power. Tr動畛c h畉t, ch炭ng ta t狸m hi畛u b畉n ch畉t c畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. Tokyo Electric Power Company 65
  • 12. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Voltage & Current Phase Difference Frame 403 1/3 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation **403 Voltage & Current Phase Difference ** G坦c l畛ch pha gi畛a i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n. Depending on the system load, the electric power provided from a generator may not all be utilized effectively. Tu畛 thu畛c vo ph畛 t畉i m c担ng su畉t m叩y ph叩t ph叩t ra c坦 th畛 kh担ng hon ton l c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng. You already know that active power and reactive power exist. Nh動 b畉n 達 bi畉t l c坦 c畉 c担ng su畉t h畛u c担ng v c担ng su畉t v担 c担ng. Lets conduct an experiment to make this clearer. Ch炭ng ta h達y d畉n ra m畛t th鱈 nghi畛m 畛 lm r探 i畛u ny. Tokyo Electric Power Company 66
  • 13. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Voltage & Current Phase Difference Frame 403 2/3 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Resistance, coils and capacitors. These are the three main elements of system load. T畉i c坦 3 ph畉n t畛 ch畛 y畉u l i畛n tr畛, cu畛n d但y v t畛 i畛n. We will connect each of them to a single phase AC power source and allow current to flow. Lets look at the changes that occur in voltage and current. B但y gi畛 ch炭ng ta s畉 n畛i m畛i ph畉n t畛 坦 m畛t c叩ch ri棚ng r畉 vo m畉ch xoay chi畛u m畛t pha v cho d嘆ng i畛n i qua. i畛u g狸 s畉 x畉y ra 畛i v畛i i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n. In the resistance circuit, voltage and current change in the same phase. 畛i v畛i m畉ch thu畉n tr畛 th狸 d嘆ng i畛n v i畛n 叩p l 畛ng pha. The coil circuit. The current has a 90-degree phase lag compared to the voltage. 畛i v畛i m畉ch thu畉n c畉m d嘆ng i畛n ch畉m pha 900 so v畛i i畛n 叩p. Looking at the capacitor circuit, the current has a 90-degree phase advance compared to the voltage. 畛i v畛i m畉ch thu畉n dung, d嘆ng i畛n v動畛t pha 900 so v畛i i畛n 叩p. Tokyo Electric Power Company 67
  • 14. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Voltage & Current Phase Difference Frame 403 3/3 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation The difference in phase between voltage and current generates the reactive power. S畛 l畛ch pha gi畛a d嘆ng i畛n v i畛n 叩p t畉o ra c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. Tokyo Electric Power Company 68
  • 15. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Resistance & Power Frame 404 1/2 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation **404 Resistance & Power ** i棚n tr畛 v c担ng su畉t. In the resistance circuit, voltage and current changed in the same phase. 畛i v畛i m畉ch thu畉n tr畛, i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n c湛ng pha. Thus, the positive and negative states of voltage and current are always the same. Do v畉y i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n c湛ng d畉u v畛i nhau trong m畛i th畛i i畛m. Power can be calculated by multiplying voltage and current, and so power is constantly positive and it is shown in this section. C担ng su畉t 動畛c t鱈nh b畉ng t鱈ch c畛a i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n v do 坦 lu担n d動董ng v 動畛c th畛 hi畛n nh動 h狸nh v畉. Tokyo Electric Power Company 69
  • 16. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Resistance & Power Frame 404 2/2 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation This power is consumed by the resistance, and it gives off heat as the work load. C担ng su畉t ny ti棚u t叩n b畛i i畛n tr畛 d動畛i d畉ng nhi畛t nhi畛t nng. This is active power. 但y g畛i l c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng. Tokyo Electric Power Company 70
  • 17. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Coils & Power Frame 405 1/3 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation **405 Coils & Power ** Cu畛n kh叩ng v c担ng su畉t. When AC power is applied to the coil, a current flows. Khi i畛n 叩p xoay chi畛u 動畛c 畉t vo cu畛n d但y, c坦 d嘆ng i畛n i qua. However, as we have already learned changes in the magnetic field are generated due to the changes in the current. Tuy nhi棚n nh動 ta 達 bi畉t, i畛n tr動畛ng thay 畛i ph畛 thu畛c vo s畛 thay 畛i c畛a d嘆ng i畛n. Tokyo Electric Power Company 71
  • 18. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Coils & Power Frame 405 2/3 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation In accordance with Lenzs Law, at that time EMF is generated to oppose the changes in the magnetic field, and due to the EMF, there is a lag in the changes in the current compared to the voltage. Theo 畛nh lu畉t Lenz, s畛c i畛n 畛ng 動畛c sinh ra 畛 ch畛ng l畉i s畛 thay 畛i c畛a tr動畛ng i畛n t畛 v do v畉y d嘆ng i畛n s畉 ch畉m pha so v畛i i畛n 叩p. Tokyo Electric Power Company 72
  • 19. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Coils & Power Frame 405 3/3 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation In the experiment, there was a 90-degree lag. Trong th鱈 nghi畛m ny, d嘆ng i畛n s畉 ch畉m pha so v畛i i畛n 叩p m畛t g坦c l 900 As a result, as we see here, the positive and negative power offset each other, and the power consumed by the coil becomes zero. Nh動 ch炭ng ta th畉y, c担ng su畉t 但m v d動董ng b畉ng nhau do 坦 t畛ng c担ng su畉t ti棚u t叩n l 0. That is to say, even if current flows in the coil, it does no work. Nh動 th畉 c坦 th畛 n坦i r畉ng khi c坦 d嘆ng i畛n i qua cu畛n d但y n坦 "kh担ng g但y 畉nh h動畛ng g狸". However, in reality the coil generates this amount of power. Tuy nhi棚n, trong th畛c t畉 cu畛n d但y c畛a m叩y ph叩t l畉i mang m畛t nng l動畛ng r畉t l畛n. The power that is generated by this phase difference does no external work, and this power is reactive power. C担ng su畉t 動畛c t畉o ra b畛i s畛 kh叩c pha s畉 kh担ng t叩c d畛ng l棚n 畛i t動畛ng kh叩c v c担ng su畉t ny 動畛c g畛i l c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. As the current lags behind the voltage, this is known as lagging reactive power. D嘆ng i畛n ch畉m pha so v畛i i畛n 叩p t畉o n棚n c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. Tokyo Electric Power Company 73
  • 20. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Capacitors & Power Frame 406 1/2 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation **406 Capacitors & Power ** T畛 i畛n v c担ng su畉t. So, what will happen if AC voltage is applied to the capacitor? i畛u g狸 s畉 x畉y ra n畉u i畛n 叩p xoay chi畛u 動畛c 畉t l棚n t畛? Click on the switch. H達y k鱈ch chu畛t l棚n kho叩 坦ng m畉ch. Tokyo Electric Power Company 74
  • 21. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Capacitors & Power Frame 406 2/2 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation When AC voltage is applied to the capacitor, the capacitor will alternate between charging and discharging, and a current will flow. Khi i畛n 叩p xoay chi畛u 動畛c 畉t l棚n t畛, t畛 i畛n s畉 ph坦ng n畉p theo chu k畛 v nh動 v畉y cho d嘆ng i畛n i qua. In the experiment, the current is in advance of the voltage by 90-degrees. Theo th鱈 nghi畛m ta th畉y d嘆ng i畛n v動畛t tr動畛c i畛n 叩p 1 g坦c 900 . As a result, the positive and negative elements of the power are offset, as was the case with the coil, and the power consumed by the capacitor is zero. Nh動 ch炭ng ta th畉y, ph畉n c担ng su畉t 但m v d動董ng b畉ng nhau t動董ng t畛 nh動 tr動畛ng h畛p c畛a cu畛n d但y, c担ng su畉t ti棚u hao tr棚n t畛 b畉ng kh担ng. These areas show the reactive power. Ph畉n di畛n t鱈ch ch畛 ra tr棚n h狸nh v畉 th畛 hi畛n c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. In the case of a capacitor, the current is in advance of the voltage, and this is known as leading reactive power. Nh動 v畉y th鱈 nghi畛m v畛i t畛 d嘆ng i畛n v動畛t pha so v畛i i畛n 叩p. Tokyo Electric Power Company 75
  • 22. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Active Power & Reactive Power Frame 407 1/2 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation ** 407 Active Power & Reactive Power ** C担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng v c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. The actual system load is mainly the combined sum of the resistors and coil elements. The power supplied from the generator is divided into active power P and lag reactive power Q. Trong th畛c t畉 t畉i th動畛ng bao g畛m 2 thnh ph畉n l i畛n tr畛 v i畛n c畉m. C担ng su畉t ph叩t ra t畛 m叩y ph叩t 動畛c chia thnh hai ph畉n c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng P v c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng Q. Tokyo Electric Power Company 76
  • 23. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Active Power & Reactive Power Frame 407 2/2 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation The sizes of these are each expressed by the length of arrows, and the resultant power is the apparent power Ps. 畛 l畛n c畛a m畛i thnh ph畉n c担ng su畉t 動畛c bi畛u di畛n b畛i 畛 l畛n c畛a c叩c v辿ct董, t畛ng hai v辿c t董 ny l v辿ct董 c担ng su畉t ton ph畉n hay c嘆n g畛i l c担ng su畉t bi畛u ki畉n, Ps. Depending on the capacity of the generator, it must be operated so that this apparent power Ps is contained within this range. Tu畛 thu畛c vo c担ng su畉t c畛a m叩y ph叩t m n坦 ph畉i lm vi畛c trong v湛ng cho ph辿p n棚n c担ng su畉t bi畛u ki畉n c滴ng ph畉i n畉m trong gi畛i h畉n ch畛 ra tr棚n h狸nh v畉. For example, when it is necessary to acquire this much active power, the lagging reactive power can only rise to a maximum of this size. Gi畉 s畛, khi ph畛 t畉i 嘆i h畛i tng l動畛ng c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng th狸 c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng ph叩t ra (+Q) ch畛 c坦 th畛 tng 畉n gi叩 tr畛 l畛n nh畉t theo chi畛u 動畛c ch畛 ra tr棚n h狸nh v畉. Tokyo Electric Power Company 77
  • 24. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Demag & Magnetization Effect Frame 408 1/7 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation **408 Demag & Magnetization Effect** Hi畛u 畛ng kh畛 t畛 v hi畛u 畛ng tr畛 t畛. The nature of reactive power has now become clear to you, and so we will now look at the relationship of reactive power and exciting current. 畉n 但y b畉n 達 bi畉t t動董ng 畛i r探 v畛 b畉n ch畉t c畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng, b但y gi畛 ch炭ng ta h達y xem x辿t m畛i quan h畛 gi畛a c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng v d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛. Lets consider the situation when disturbances such as changes in the system load cause changes in the lagging reactive power. Gi畉 s畛 do m畛t nhi畛u lo畉n no 坦 c畛a h畛 th畛ng, ch畉ng h畉n t畉i c畛a h畛 th畛ng thay 畛i lm thay 畛i l動畛ng c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. When changes occur in the lagging reactive power, the current flowing in the generators stators changes, and changes in the magnetic field occur. Khi c坦 s畛 thay 畛i v畛 c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng, d嘆ng i畛n ch畉y qua cu畛n d但y stato c畛a m叩y ph叩t thay 畛i v do 坦 lm thay 畛i t畛 th担ng. Tokyo Electric Power Company 78
  • 25. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Demag & Magnetization Effect Frame 408 2/7 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation For example, when the lagging reactive power increases, the direction of its magnetic field becomes opposite to the magnetic field of the rotor and works as a demagnetization effect. V鱈 d畛, khi c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng ph叩t tng, chi畛u c畛a t畛 tr動畛ng stato ng動畛c v畛i chi畛u t畛 tr動畛ng r担to v g但y ra hi畛u 畛ng kh畛 t畛. As a result, the magnetic field in the generator weakens, and if this continues, the generator voltage would drop. K畉t qu畉 lm cho tr動畛ng i畛n t畛 y畉u i v n畉u c畛 ti畉p t畛c th狸 i畛n 叩p c畛a m叩y ph叩t s畉 gi畉m. Tokyo Electric Power Company 79
  • 26. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Demag & Magnetization Effect Frame 408 3/7 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation So, if exciting current is increased and the rotor magnetic field is strengthened, the strength of the magnetic field in the generator would be maintained, and the generator voltage can be maintained at the set level. V狸 v畉y, n畉u tng d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 v t畛 tr動畛ng r担to tng th狸 t畛 tr動畛ng m叩y ph叩t c坦 th畛 動畛c gi畛 畛n 畛nh v nh動 th畉 i畛n 叩p c畛a m叩y ph叩t c滴ng 動畛c gi畛 畛 gi叩 tr畛 畉t. Tokyo Electric Power Company 80
  • 27. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Demag & Magnetization Effect Frame 408 4/7 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Conversely, when the lagging reactive power decreases, a magnetization effect is set up, and so by decreasing exciting current, the rotor magnetic field is weakened. Ng動畛c l畉i, khi c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng ph叩t gi畉m, hi畛u 畛ng tr畛 t畛 動畛c thi畉t l畉p v do 坦 b畉ng c叩ch gi畉m d嘆ng k鱈ch th鱈ch, t畛 tr動畛ng r担to tr畛 n棚n nh畛 h董n. Tokyo Electric Power Company 81
  • 28. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Demag & Magnetization Effect Frame 408 5/7 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Tokyo Electric Power Company 82
  • 29. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Demag & Magnetization Effect Frame 408 6/7 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Tokyo Electric Power Company 83
  • 30. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Demag & Magnetization Effect Frame 408 7/7 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Thus, you have come to understand the reason for reactive power and exciting current being controlled in this kind of relationship by the exciter when the AQR is in operation. Nh動 v畉y, b畉n 達 bi畉t 動畛c nguy棚n t畉c i畛u khi畛n d嘆ng k鱈ch t畛 trong ch畉 畛 AQR. Tokyo Electric Power Company 84
  • 31. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems Frame 409 1/6 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation **409 Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems** Vai tr嘆 c畛a b畛 AQR v 3 h畛 th畛ng i畛u khi畛n. The AQR detects reactive power of the generator voltage and current, and makes a comparison with the set levels. B畛 AQR o l動畛ng c担ng su但t ph畉n kh叩ng c畛a m叩y ph叩t th担ng qua i畛n 叩p v d嘆ng i畛n, t畛 坦 so s叩nh v畛i c叩c gi叩 tr畛 畉t. If there is a difference, it sends a control signal to 90R to offset this, and raises and lowers exciting current through the AVR and so adjusts the reactive power. N畉u c坦 s畛 kh叩c nhau, b畛 AQR s畉 g畛i t鱈n hi畛u i畛u khi畛n thay 畛i gi叩 tr畛 畉t c畛a i畛n tr畛 90R, khi 坦 vi畛c tng hay gi畉m d嘆ng i畛n k鱈ch th鱈ch l do b畛 AVR, khi 坦 c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng 動畛c i畛u ch畛nh. There are three control systems for the AQR: C坦 3 d畉ng 畉c t鱈nh i畛u ch畛nh cho b畛 AQR. Constant reactive power control, or Q = a Th畛 nh畉t, gi畛 c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng b畉ng h畉ng s畛: Q = 0 Constant power factor control, or Q = b.p Th畛 hai, 畉c t鱈nh i畛u ch畛nh l 動畛ng tuy畉n t鱈nh qua g畛c to畉 畛. And there is a control system which combines these two:Q = a + b.p Cu畛i c湛ng, 畉c t鱈nh i畛u ch畛nh l 動畛ng tuy畉n t鱈nh kh担ng i qua g畛c to畉 畛. Tokyo Electric Power Company 85
  • 32. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Select each item and click on it. An explanation will appear. When you have understood all the items, click on the Go To Next tile. H達y k鱈ch vo m畛i 畉c t鱈nh, l畛i gi畉i th鱈ch s畉 xu畉t h畛棚n. Khi b畉n 達 hi畛u h畉t t畉t c畉 c叩c 畉c t鱈nh, h達y k鱈ch l棚n "Go To Next". Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems Frame 409 2/6 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Tokyo Electric Power Company 86
  • 33. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] Reactive power is controlled by this 57R reactive power setting device. C担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng 動畛c i畛u khi畛n b畉ng b畛 畉t th担ng qua i畛n tr畛 57R. Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems Frame 409 3/6 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Tokyo Electric Power Company 87
  • 34. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] This is a control system in which a constant supply of reactive power is obtained irrespective of active power. H畛 th畛ng i畛u khi畛n v畛i 畉c t鱈nh c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng b畉ng h畉ng s畛 khi thay 畛i c担ng su畉t t叩c d畛ng. Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems Frame 409 4/6 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Tokyo Electric Power Company 88
  • 35. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] The power factor is controlled by this 55R power factor setting device. C担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng d動畛c i畛u khi畛n b畉ng b畛 畉t th担ng qua i畛n tr畛 55R. Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems Frame 409 5/6 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Tokyo Electric Power Company 89
  • 36. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] This is a system for controlling the power factor at a constant level by controlling reactive power. H畛 th畛ng i畛u khi畛n ny (c坦 動畛ng 畉c t鱈nh i qua g畛c to畉 畛) d湛ng 畛 gi畛 h畛 s畛 c担ng su畉t cos l kh担ng 畛i b畉ng c叩ch i畛u ch畛nh l動畛ng c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng. Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Role of AQR & 3 Control Systems Frame 409 6/6 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Tokyo Electric Power Company 90
  • 37. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] In this system, the reactive power amount is kept at the set value by using 57R, and then the power factor is controlled to ensure that it keeps the setting by using 55R. 畛i v畛i h畛 th畛ng i畛u khi畛n v畛i 動畛ng 畉c t鱈nh tuy畉n t鱈nh nh動ng kh担ng qua g畛c to畉 畛 th狸 l動畛ng c担ng su畉t ph畉n kh叩ng ph叩t 動畛c gi畛 鱈t nh畉t b畉ng gi叩 tr畛 畉t 畛 畛棚n tr畛 57R v h畛 s畛 c担ng su畉t cos 動畛c i畛u khi畛n b畉ng c叩ch 畉t 畛 i畛n tr畛 55R. Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Summary Quiz - 4 Frame 410 1/2 4.ExciterBehaviorinAQROperation Tokyo Electric Power Company 91
  • 38. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] **410 Summary Quiz 4 ** T畛ng k畉t ph畉n 4. This is the operation allowable limit curve showing the power generation capacity of the generator. 但y l 動畛ng 畉c t鱈nh h畉n ch畉 kh畉 nng ph叩t c畛a m叩y ph叩t. These are figures showing the various control systems for AQR. Select the most appropriate names and control systems from the options, and input them into the blanks. Tr棚n h狸nh 動a ra c叩c d畉ng 畉c t鱈nh i畛u khi畛n c畛a b畛 AQR. H達y ch畛n c叩c 動畛ng ph湛 h畛p nh畉t r畛i i畛n vo ch畛 tr畛ng. Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station Title Summary Quiz - 4 Frame 410 2/2 4. Exciter Behavior in AQR Operation Tokyo Electric Power Company 92
  • 39. JMAM-CBT [Exciter Course in Hydro Power Station] 鐚Correct鐚 That is correct. This is very important, so please get a proper understanding of the points. 鐚Incorrect鐚 No, that is not correct. The areas highlighted in red are incorrect. Have you understood the incorrect areas? This is very important, so please get a proper understanding of the points. Tokyo Electric Power Company 93