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Exoplanets definitivo (1)

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Pablo Del Cerro

This document provides an overview of exoplanets, including: - An exoplanet is a planet that orbits a star other than the Sun. Over 1800 exoplanets have been discovered so far. - The first confirmed detection of an exoplanet was in 1992, though their existence was hypothesized earlier. - Exoplanet habitability depends on factors like the presence of liquid water, favorable conditions for life, and available energy sources like sunlight or geothermal activity.

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Exoplanets definitivo (1)
Index • Introduction • History • ‘Types’ of exoplanets • Purpose? • Planet Habitability • Goldilock’s zone • Atmosphere • Chemical environment • Spectograph • Energy required for metabolism • Drake’s equation • Video • What is the importance of exoplanets? • Conclusion
INTRODUCTION • An exoplanet is a planet that orbit a different star from the sun • More than 1800 exoplanets have been discovered • Alpha Centuiri Bb nearest planet? • Almost all of the planets detected so far are within the Milky Way. • DENIS-P J082303.1-491201 b, about 29 times the mass of Jupiter
HISTORY • At first scientist supposed that existed but they couldn’t prove it • In the 16th century Giordano Bruno put foward the view that the other stars should have also planets like the sun • The first confirmed detection came in 1992
``TYPES´´ OF EXOPLANETS • The classification of exoplanet types is unfortunately arbitrary • Terrestrial Planet Solar System Planets in the Name Size Prefixes Hot and Cold terms
PURPOSE? Why do we spent our money in something that is thousands of millions of kilometres away? Although I could find more reasons, I think the best reason is, because we simply can!
Planet Habitability • Potential of a planet to develop and sustain life. • Largely agreed on an extrapolation of Earth’s and Sun’s characteristics. NASA • HZ: Habitable zone. Extended regions of water. Favourable conditions for the assembly of complex organic molecules. Energy sources.
Goldilock’s zone • Shell-shaped region of space surronding a star. • Liquid water can appear. • Location depends on the energy the star is outputting (inverse squared law). • Where temperature of the planet goes from 0- 100ºC.
Atmosphere  Protecting the planet an inhabitans from radiation.  Keep planet surface warm.  Provide the planet with oxygen so life evolves. • Contain some of the chemical elements necessary for life.
Chemical Enviroment • Essential chemical elements. • Water: Liquid, able to have pH. • Primary focus of astrobiological research.
Spectograph. • Light reacts differently for each element. • Depending on the peak on the spectograph, we can tell which element it is about. • Valid for the atmosphere and the elements forming the surface.
Energy required for metabolsim. • Solar: reaching the surface and near surface. Perfect star: Stable variability and high metallicity. • Geothermal: Subsurface.
Drake’s Equation  N* is the number of total stars in the Milky Way  fp is the fraction of those stars that have planets  ne is the number of planets per star that could be capable of sustaining life.  fl is the estimation of life actually evolving on the planets on which it is capable to.  fi is the estimation of intelligent life evolving.  fc is the fraction of that intelligent life that would be capable of communication.  fL is the fraction of the life of the planet during which this civilization could live. BBC: Drake´s equation.
VIDEO • Direct discovery: nearby stars+ very large planets. • The majority have been discovered through indirect methods. • 1. A planet passing in front of a star will make it darker: the amount of darkness determines the size of the panet. Transit of Venus (2012)
2. The center of mass is not at the centre of the star, which creates a tiny wobble in the velocity of the star. Discovery of more than 1800 exoplanets as of 2014.
• What is the importance of exoplanets? - What is the point in studying them? -Is it worth the expense of money in it?
Conclusion • An exoplanet is a planet that orbits a different star from the Sun. • The first confirmed detection was in 1992. • An exoplanet habitability depends on the following requirements: Extended regions of water, good conditions for the assembly of complex molecular particles and energy sources. • They can be discovered by direct or indirect methods.

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Exoplanets definitivo (1)

  • 2. Index • Introduction • History • ‘Types’ of exoplanets • Purpose? • Planet Habitability • Goldilock’s zone • Atmosphere • Chemical environment • Spectograph • Energy required for metabolism • Drake’s equation • Video • What is the importance of exoplanets? • Conclusion
  • 3. INTRODUCTION • An exoplanet is a planet that orbit a different star from the sun • More than 1800 exoplanets have been discovered • Alpha Centuiri Bb nearest planet? • Almost all of the planets detected so far are within the Milky Way. • DENIS-P J082303.1-491201 b, about 29 times the mass of Jupiter
  • 4. HISTORY • At first scientist supposed that existed but they couldn’t prove it • In the 16th century Giordano Bruno put foward the view that the other stars should have also planets like the sun • The first confirmed detection came in 1992
  • 5. ``TYPES´´ OF EXOPLANETS • The classification of exoplanet types is unfortunately arbitrary • Terrestrial Planet Solar System Planets in the Name Size Prefixes Hot and Cold terms
  • 6. PURPOSE? Why do we spent our money in something that is thousands of millions of kilometres away? Although I could find more reasons, I think the best reason is, because we simply can!
  • 7. Planet Habitability • Potential of a planet to develop and sustain life. • Largely agreed on an extrapolation of Earth’s and Sun’s characteristics. NASA • HZ: Habitable zone. Extended regions of water. Favourable conditions for the assembly of complex organic molecules. Energy sources.
  • 8. Goldilock’s zone • Shell-shaped region of space surronding a star. • Liquid water can appear. • Location depends on the energy the star is outputting (inverse squared law). • Where temperature of the planet goes from 0- 100ºC.
  • 9. Atmosphere ï‚· Protecting the planet an inhabitans from radiation. ï‚· Keep planet surface warm. ï‚· Provide the planet with oxygen so life evolves. • Contain some of the chemical elements necessary for life.
  • 10. Chemical Enviroment • Essential chemical elements. • Water: Liquid, able to have pH. • Primary focus of astrobiological research.
  • 11. Spectograph. • Light reacts differently for each element. • Depending on the peak on the spectograph, we can tell which element it is about. • Valid for the atmosphere and the elements forming the surface.
  • 12. Energy required for metabolsim. • Solar: reaching the surface and near surface. Perfect star: Stable variability and high metallicity. • Geothermal: Subsurface.
  • 13. Drake’s Equation ï‚· N* is the number of total stars in the Milky Way ï‚· fp is the fraction of those stars that have planets ï‚· ne is the number of planets per star that could be capable of sustaining life. ï‚· fl is the estimation of life actually evolving on the planets on which it is capable to. ï‚· fi is the estimation of intelligent life evolving. ï‚· fc is the fraction of that intelligent life that would be capable of communication. ï‚· fL is the fraction of the life of the planet during which this civilization could live. BBC: Drake´s equation.
  • 14. VIDEO • Direct discovery: nearby stars+ very large planets. • The majority have been discovered through indirect methods. • 1. A planet passing in front of a star will make it darker: the amount of darkness determines the size of the panet. Transit of Venus (2012)
  • 15. 2. The center of mass is not at the centre of the star, which creates a tiny wobble in the velocity of the star. Discovery of more than 1800 exoplanets as of 2014.
  • 16. • What is the importance of exoplanets? - What is the point in studying them? -Is it worth the expense of money in it?
  • 17. Conclusion • An exoplanet is a planet that orbits a different star from the Sun. • The first confirmed detection was in 1992. • An exoplanet habitability depends on the following requirements: Extended regions of water, good conditions for the assembly of complex molecular particles and energy sources. • They can be discovered by direct or indirect methods.

Editor's Notes

  • #8: Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. As the existence of life beyond Earth is currently unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms
  • #9: The habitable zone (HZ, categorized by the Planetary Habitability Index) is a shell-shaped region of space surrounding a star in which a planet could maintain liquid water on its surface. After an energy source, liquid water is considered the most important ingredient for life, considering how integral it is to all life systems on Earth. This may reflect the known dependence of life on water;
  • #11: Basing our own planet, elements neccesary for life are C, H, N, P, O Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research,
  • #13: Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and highmetallicity.