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Explain in detail 11th Standard Samacheer kalvi

V
Vinoth Kanna

The document provides details about the basic components of a computer: - The main components are the input, output, central processing unit (CPU), arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit, and memory unit. The CPU interprets and executes instructions and controls other components. The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations. - Memory is classified as primary (RAM and ROM) and secondary (hard disks, optical disks, solid state storage). RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage while programs are running, and ROM is non-volatile and used for permanent storage. - The document also discusses the generations of computers from vacuum tubes and transistors to integrated circuits, microprocessors, and today's ultra-large scale integrated

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EXPLAIN IN DETALI 1)Explain the basic components of a computer with a neat diagram. The computer is the combination of hardware and software. Hardware is the physical component of a computer like motherboard, memory devices, monitor, keyboard etc., while software is the set of programs or instructions. Both hardware and software together make the computer system to function. Every task given to a computer follows an Input- Process- Output Cycle (IPO cycle).
components of a computer Input Unit Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer, which can be stored in the memory unit for furtherprocessing. Central processing unit
CPU is the major component which interprets and executes software instructions. It also control the operation of all other components such as memory, input and output units. Arithmetic and Logic Unit The ALU is a part of the CPU where various computing functions are performed on data. The ALU performs arithmetic operations such as: addition subtraction multiplication division logical operations. AND,NOT,OR,XOR Control Unit The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices. It also controls the entire operation of a computer.
Output Unit An output unit is any hardware component that conveys information to users in an understandable form. Memory Unit The Memory Unit is of two types which are: . primary memory: The primary memory is used to temporarily store the programs and data when the instructions are ready to execute. Volatile memory. Primary memory can be further classified in two categories: Example : Monitor, Printer etc. primary memory. Secondary memory.
RAM(Random Access Memory) : There are two categories of RAM DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory). SRAM(Static Random Access Memory). ROM(Read Only Memory): There are three categories of ROM PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory). EPROM(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). RAM(Random Access Memory) It is also known as read/write. ROM(Read Only Memory) It is also known as Non-Volatile or Permanent Storage.
Secondary memory The Secondary memory is non-volatile that is, the content is available even after the power supply is switched off. Magnetic storage hard disk drive floppy disk magnetic tape Computer memory Primary memory Secondary memory Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) (ROM) DRDRAM EEPROM DRAM SRAM PROM EPROM
Optical storage CD DVD Blue-ray Disk Solid state storage Pen/Flash Drive Memory card 2)Discuss the various generations of computers. Generation First Year 1942-1955 Main component used Vacuum tubes Operating System Batch operating system Language Machine language (Binary number 0s and 1s) characteristics Faster computing device. Generate large amount of heat.
Generation Second Year 1955-1964 Main component used Transistors Operating System Time sharing system, Multitasking Os Language Assembly language, High level language characteristics More reliable and less prone to hardware failure. Portable and generate less amount of heat. Generation Third Year 1964-1975 Main component used Integrated Circuits (IC) Operating System Real-time system Language High level language. FORTRAN Non portable.
COBOL ALGOL characteristics Consumed less power. Computers were smaller, faster and more reliable 謂 Generation Fourth Year 1975-1980 Main component used Microprocessor Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) Operating System Time sharing, Real time, Networks, Distributed Operating System Language Higher level languages like C and C++, DBASE etc. characteristics Smaller and Faster. Microcomputer
series such as IBM and APPLE were developed. Portable Computers were introduced. Generation Fifth Year 1980-till date Main component Used Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) Operating System AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. Language Higher level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc. characteristics Advancement in Parallel Processing Computers size was drastically reduced. Advancement in Superconductor
technology Can recognize Images and Graphics Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates Sixth Generation Parallel and Distributed computing Computers have become smarter, faster and smaller Development of robotics Natural Language Processing Development of Voice Recognition Software 3)Explain the following: a. Inkjet Printer
b. Multimedia projector c. Bar code / QR code Reader Answer: Inkjet Printer Inkjet technology was developed in the 1960s, but first commercialized by IBM in 1976. Inkjet printer is type of Non-Impact Printer. It creates output on paper by spraying tiny drops of Liquid Ink. Inkjet printer has print-head that can spray very fine drops of ink. It consists of print cartridge filled with liquid and has small nozzles in form of m.
Multimedia projector Multimedia projectors are used to produce computer output on a big screen. These are used to display presentations in meeting halls or in classrooms. Bar code / QR code Reader A Bar code is a pattern printed in lines of different thickness. The Bar code reader scans the information on the bar codes transmits to the Computer for further processing. The system gives fast and error free entry of information into the computer.
QR code Reader Quick response. The QR code is the two dimension bar code which can be read by a camera and processed to interpret the image.

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Explain in detail 11th Standard Samacheer kalvi

  • 1. EXPLAIN IN DETALI 1)Explain the basic components of a computer with a neat diagram. The computer is the combination of hardware and software. Hardware is the physical component of a computer like motherboard, memory devices, monitor, keyboard etc., while software is the set of programs or instructions. Both hardware and software together make the computer system to function. Every task given to a computer follows an Input- Process- Output Cycle (IPO cycle).
  • 2. components of a computer Input Unit Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer, which can be stored in the memory unit for furtherprocessing. Central processing unit
  • 3. CPU is the major component which interprets and executes software instructions. It also control the operation of all other components such as memory, input and output units. Arithmetic and Logic Unit The ALU is a part of the CPU where various computing functions are performed on data. The ALU performs arithmetic operations such as: addition subtraction multiplication division logical operations. AND,NOT,OR,XOR Control Unit The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices. It also controls the entire operation of a computer.
  • 4. Output Unit An output unit is any hardware component that conveys information to users in an understandable form. Memory Unit The Memory Unit is of two types which are: . primary memory: The primary memory is used to temporarily store the programs and data when the instructions are ready to execute. Volatile memory. Primary memory can be further classified in two categories: Example : Monitor, Printer etc. primary memory. Secondary memory.
  • 5. RAM(Random Access Memory) : There are two categories of RAM DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory). SRAM(Static Random Access Memory). ROM(Read Only Memory): There are three categories of ROM PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory). EPROM(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). RAM(Random Access Memory) It is also known as read/write. ROM(Read Only Memory) It is also known as Non-Volatile or Permanent Storage.
  • 6. Secondary memory The Secondary memory is non-volatile that is, the content is available even after the power supply is switched off. Magnetic storage hard disk drive floppy disk magnetic tape Computer memory Primary memory Secondary memory Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) (ROM) DRDRAM EEPROM DRAM SRAM PROM EPROM
  • 7. Optical storage CD DVD Blue-ray Disk Solid state storage Pen/Flash Drive Memory card 2)Discuss the various generations of computers. Generation First Year 1942-1955 Main component used Vacuum tubes Operating System Batch operating system Language Machine language (Binary number 0s and 1s) characteristics Faster computing device. Generate large amount of heat.
  • 8. Generation Second Year 1955-1964 Main component used Transistors Operating System Time sharing system, Multitasking Os Language Assembly language, High level language characteristics More reliable and less prone to hardware failure. Portable and generate less amount of heat. Generation Third Year 1964-1975 Main component used Integrated Circuits (IC) Operating System Real-time system Language High level language. FORTRAN Non portable.
  • 9. COBOL ALGOL characteristics Consumed less power. Computers were smaller, faster and more reliable 謂 Generation Fourth Year 1975-1980 Main component used Microprocessor Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) Operating System Time sharing, Real time, Networks, Distributed Operating System Language Higher level languages like C and C++, DBASE etc. characteristics Smaller and Faster. Microcomputer
  • 10. series such as IBM and APPLE were developed. Portable Computers were introduced. Generation Fifth Year 1980-till date Main component Used Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) Operating System AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. Language Higher level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc. characteristics Advancement in Parallel Processing Computers size was drastically reduced. Advancement in Superconductor
  • 11. technology Can recognize Images and Graphics Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates Sixth Generation Parallel and Distributed computing Computers have become smarter, faster and smaller Development of robotics Natural Language Processing Development of Voice Recognition Software 3)Explain the following: a. Inkjet Printer
  • 12. b. Multimedia projector c. Bar code / QR code Reader Answer: Inkjet Printer Inkjet technology was developed in the 1960s, but first commercialized by IBM in 1976. Inkjet printer is type of Non-Impact Printer. It creates output on paper by spraying tiny drops of Liquid Ink. Inkjet printer has print-head that can spray very fine drops of ink. It consists of print cartridge filled with liquid and has small nozzles in form of m.
  • 13. Multimedia projector Multimedia projectors are used to produce computer output on a big screen. These are used to display presentations in meeting halls or in classrooms. Bar code / QR code Reader A Bar code is a pattern printed in lines of different thickness. The Bar code reader scans the information on the bar codes transmits to the Computer for further processing. The system gives fast and error free entry of information into the computer.
  • 14. QR code Reader Quick response. The QR code is the two dimension bar code which can be read by a camera and processed to interpret the image.