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Feedback thought at the intersection of systems and design science

Daniel Guzzo
Daniel Guzzo

Paper title: Feedback thought at the intersection of systems and design science Authors: Igor Czermainski de Oliveira, Daniel Guzzo and Daniela C. A. Pigosso Abstract: This paper explores the interplay of feedback principles in design and systems science. From their roots in engineering, biology, and economics, it investigates intersections between design, cybernetics and servomechanisms. The synthesis emphasizes the need for considering feedback in anticipating unintended consequences and proposes an integrative view reconciling fundamental assumptions from the different fields through simulation. This holistic approach underscores the pivotal role of feedback in understanding and addressing complex phenomena, such as rebound effects, in design science. DESIGN 2024 Conference presentation

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1 Feedback Thought at the Intersection of Systems and Design Science Oliveira, Igor; Guzzo, Daniel; Pigosso, Daniela C. A. Daniel Guzzo Assistant Professor / Researcher Section of Design for Sustainability DTU Construct Technical University of Denmark
What is feedback? 2 Circles of interactions or closed loops of information The forces that determine system behaviour (Richardson, 1991)
Research Gap 3 Feedback in design has mainly manifested as iterative processes that systematically considers and tests design alternatives against requirements. As a result Trial-and-error mindset Unintended consequences Rebound effects
Research Goal 4 Explore the intersections of feedback principles within the context of design and systems sciences, reflecting on historical perspectives.
Methodology 5 Literature review looking for the intersections of systems and design science guided by the feedback thought lenses (Richardson, 1991) Feedback thought
Our adopted framework 6 Richardson, G. P. (1991). Feedback thought in social science and systems theory. University of Pennsylvania. Econometrics Social sciences Engineering Homeostasis studies within biology Biology-math models Logic Six traditions originating two threads Cybernetic Servomechanisms
Methodology 7 Literature review looking for the intersections of systems add design science guided by the feedback thought lenses (Richardson, 1991) Feedback thought Research Input 2 Design science canons Research Input 1 Systems science canons Step 1.a Identification of mentions to design Step 1.b Identification of (implicit and explicit) manifestations of feedback Step 2 Formulation of hypothetical intersections Step 3 Illustration of integration avenues
Found evidence of connections in some of the threads and traditions 9
Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 10
Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 11 Image: Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica Most design literature frames systems as early cyberneticists and system theorists did. The focus is on engineered (artificial) systems. The idea is that we can govern the behaviour of those systems.
Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 12 Image: Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica Feedback is often seen as a single linkage between output and input to be investigated over and over again to redesign the product (iteration)
Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 13 Image: Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica Designing requires accepting that social and biological systems contain feedback we do not control, which interact with designed systems [Servomechanism view]
Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 14 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica across different scales. And which interact. [Biology-inspired view]
Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 15 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica a new product
Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 16 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica a new product a new product-service system
Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 17 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica a new product a new product-service system a new sectoral regulation
Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 18 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica a new product a new product-service system a new sectoral regulation a new governance system
19 As taught by Simon (1955), human cognition is not made to consider such complexity (simulation may help)
We included integrative approaches 21
One promissing approach... 22 Using simulation to reconcile the artificial (i.e., designed components) with explanatory models of complex societal phenomena Chavy-MacDonald, M. A., Oizumi, K., & Aoyama, K. (2019). Towards a generalized system dynamics model for product design & adoption.
Main points and vision 23 Further endogenizing feedback (S) at multiple-levels (B) is required to help dealing with non-linear dynamic behaviour (S) and support anticipatory decision-making (S). (S) Servomechanism-inspired feedback thought (B) Biological analogies on feedback thought Simulation is a path forward to reconcile engineering, social and systems science. But Simulation models need to be meaningful and accommodate the fast pace of design process. Vison: Customisable approach for simulation-based decision-making in design practice.
Thank you Daniel Guzzo <dgdco@dtu.dk>
Found evidence of connections in some of the threads and traditions 27 Cybernetics-inspired Biological analogies Servomechanism-inspired Origin of problems Lack of information about system outputs; limited iteration Lack of self-regulation capability Interconnected, non-linear nature of systems Consideration of feedback Exogenous link between output and input Both at internal and ecosystem level As integrating elements of systems (endogenous view) Nature of complexity Excessive or lacking detail in engineered systems as compared to requirements (variety mismatch) Interaction of function-driven entities (e.g., organs) with their context Dynamic complexity (causing non-linear behaviour over time) Purpose of modelling To prescribe recursive and iterative processes and devices To describe cross-scale relationships To expand mental models and support decision making (policy models)

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Feedback thought at the intersection of systems and design science

  • 1. 1 Feedback Thought at the Intersection of Systems and Design Science Oliveira, Igor; Guzzo, Daniel; Pigosso, Daniela C. A. Daniel Guzzo Assistant Professor / Researcher Section of Design for Sustainability DTU Construct Technical University of Denmark
  • 2. What is feedback? 2 Circles of interactions or closed loops of information The forces that determine system behaviour (Richardson, 1991)
  • 3. Research Gap 3 Feedback in design has mainly manifested as iterative processes that systematically considers and tests design alternatives against requirements. As a result Trial-and-error mindset Unintended consequences Rebound effects
  • 4. Research Goal 4 Explore the intersections of feedback principles within the context of design and systems sciences, reflecting on historical perspectives.
  • 5. Methodology 5 Literature review looking for the intersections of systems and design science guided by the feedback thought lenses (Richardson, 1991) Feedback thought
  • 6. Our adopted framework 6 Richardson, G. P. (1991). Feedback thought in social science and systems theory. University of Pennsylvania. Econometrics Social sciences Engineering Homeostasis studies within biology Biology-math models Logic Six traditions originating two threads Cybernetic Servomechanisms
  • 7. Methodology 7 Literature review looking for the intersections of systems add design science guided by the feedback thought lenses (Richardson, 1991) Feedback thought Research Input 2 Design science canons Research Input 1 Systems science canons Step 1.a Identification of mentions to design Step 1.b Identification of (implicit and explicit) manifestations of feedback Step 2 Formulation of hypothetical intersections Step 3 Illustration of integration avenues
  • 8. Found evidence of connections in some of the threads and traditions 9
  • 9. Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 10
  • 10. Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 11 Image: Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica Most design literature frames systems as early cyberneticists and system theorists did. The focus is on engineered (artificial) systems. The idea is that we can govern the behaviour of those systems.
  • 11. Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 12 Image: Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica Feedback is often seen as a single linkage between output and input to be investigated over and over again to redesign the product (iteration)
  • 12. Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 13 Image: Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica Designing requires accepting that social and biological systems contain feedback we do not control, which interact with designed systems [Servomechanism view]
  • 13. Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 14 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica across different scales. And which interact. [Biology-inspired view]
  • 14. Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 15 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica a new product
  • 15. Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 16 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica a new product a new product-service system
  • 16. Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 17 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica a new product a new product-service system a new sectoral regulation
  • 17. Some fundamentally different views on what a system is ... 18 Image: Adapted from Heylighen, F. (1998). Principia Cybernetica a new product a new product-service system a new sectoral regulation a new governance system
  • 18. 19 As taught by Simon (1955), human cognition is not made to consider such complexity (simulation may help)
  • 19. We included integrative approaches 21
  • 20. One promissing approach... 22 Using simulation to reconcile the artificial (i.e., designed components) with explanatory models of complex societal phenomena Chavy-MacDonald, M. A., Oizumi, K., & Aoyama, K. (2019). Towards a generalized system dynamics model for product design & adoption.
  • 21. Main points and vision 23 Further endogenizing feedback (S) at multiple-levels (B) is required to help dealing with non-linear dynamic behaviour (S) and support anticipatory decision-making (S). (S) Servomechanism-inspired feedback thought (B) Biological analogies on feedback thought Simulation is a path forward to reconcile engineering, social and systems science. But Simulation models need to be meaningful and accommodate the fast pace of design process. Vison: Customisable approach for simulation-based decision-making in design practice.
  • 22. Thank you Daniel Guzzo <dgdco@dtu.dk>
  • 23. Found evidence of connections in some of the threads and traditions 27 Cybernetics-inspired Biological analogies Servomechanism-inspired Origin of problems Lack of information about system outputs; limited iteration Lack of self-regulation capability Interconnected, non-linear nature of systems Consideration of feedback Exogenous link between output and input Both at internal and ecosystem level As integrating elements of systems (endogenous view) Nature of complexity Excessive or lacking detail in engineered systems as compared to requirements (variety mismatch) Interaction of function-driven entities (e.g., organs) with their context Dynamic complexity (causing non-linear behaviour over time) Purpose of modelling To prescribe recursive and iterative processes and devices To describe cross-scale relationships To expand mental models and support decision making (policy models)