Ferdinand de Saussure: The Father of Linguistics
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Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist considered the father of linguistics. He taught courses on Sanskrit, Gothic, Old High German, and Indo-European languages at the University of Geneva. Saussure developed the concepts of langue and parole, the system of a language and its usage, and emphasized the arbitrary nature of the linguistic sign. He viewed language as a system of relations and differences that is studied through both synchrony, the present state, and diachrony, its historical development.
Ferdinand de Saussure: The Father of Linguistics
- 1. Ferdiand de Saussure Father of Linguistics Silvia Lee
- 3. Father: Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure Mineralogist Entomologist Taxonomist
- 5. Graduate Work: University of Leipzig 1876
- 6. l’Ecole pratique des hautes études Taught (11 years): Knight • Sanskrit of the • Gothic Legion • Old High German of Honor
- 7. University of Geneva 1891 Professor • Sanskrit • Indo-Eurpoean langauges • Course of General Linguistics (1907-1911)
- 8. Doctorate in 1880: Dissertation on the Primitive Vowel System in Indo-European Languages
- 10. Sign
- 11. Sign = abritary Symbol = motivation
- 12. Sign Signified Signifier
- 13. Value of the Sign
- 15. Langue Parole (system) (put into practice) Language in social, cultural context
- 17. gay
- 18. Signs •Polysemous •Unstable •Endlessly shifting •Create new meanings, new social contexts
- 19. The Arbitrary Nature of the Sign system of relations
- 24. complete system at a given time Synchrony & Diachrony historical development
- 26. Paradigm (pattern) & Syntagm (syntax)
- 27. Criticisms • Langue: complete system? • Distinction: syntagm & paradigm • Finite-state grammar
- 29. Linguistics
- 30. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis •Linguistic relativity •Language determines thought
Editor's Notes
- #4: Mineralogist (chemistry, chrystal structure, minerals)Entomologist (insects)Taxonomist (classified species)
- #9: Age of 21
- #28: Word=combination of meaning and formPhonology and morphology=sufficient for structural linguistics, but not complete. created small set of rules to generate all sentences of language