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Fetalcirculationfornursingstudents.

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Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences-Mangalore
Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences-Mangalore

A brief description about the fetal circulation for BSc Nursing students. This PPT includes the slides aboute fetal circulation from the basic Anatomy and Physiology of Heart and Circulatory system till the Applied aspects of it.

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Fetalcirculationfornursingstudents.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Introduction 2. Anatomy And Physiology Cardio-vascular System 3. Definition Of Foetal Circulation 4. Shunting 5. Flow Of Blood In Foetal Life 6. Changes After Birth 7. Applied Aspect
INTRODUCTION The Circulation of Blood in A Growing Foetus or during foetal life is different from that of adults circulation, because of immaturity of lungs or physiologically lungs are not functioning to Oxygenate the blood, hence the foetal blood will get Oxygenated blood from maternal blood through the placental membrane.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY The heart is a hallow muscular organ in our body, which maintains the circulation of blood in a closed circuit known as the circulatory system, heart pumps the blood to all the organs in our body even to the heart itself, where the exchange of gases, nutrients and other essential elements takes place through the various transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, etc. Measurements of heart Anteroposterior Diameter - 6cm Transvers Diameter - 8 To 9cm Length From Apex To Base - 12cm Weight In Male - 300-350g Weight In Female - 250-300g Fig:1.1
Anatomical Position Of Heart Heart lies in the middle mediastinum in such a fashion that apex of the heart faces down, tilted towards left at 4th intercoastal space midclavicular line. base of the heart lies upward and backward on right side extending to right 3rd coastal cartilage. RELATIONS OF HEART Superiorly The Aorta, Superior Vena Cava, Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Veins. Inferiorly - Apex Rests on the Central Tendon of the Diaphragm. Anteriorly The Ribs, Intercoastal Muscles and Sternum. Posteriorly Esophagus, Trachea, Left & Right Bronchus, Descending Aorta, Inferior Vena Cava, And Thoracic Vertebrae. Laterally The Lungs. LAYERS OF HEART 1. Endocardium (Inner Layer) 2. Myocardium (Middle Layer) And 3. Pericardium (Outer Layer)
HEART CHAMBERS The Human Heart has four chambers i.e Right and Left Atrium , And two Ventricles below the atrium, both the atrium are separated by a septum called as Atrial Septum and respectively ventricles are by the Ventricular Septum. Heart Valves 1. Atrio-ventricular Valves Tricuspid Valve (Right Side) And Bicuspid Valve (Left Side) 2. Semilunar Valves Pulmonary Valve (B/T Rt Ventricle And Pulmonary Artery) Aortic Valve (B/T Lt Ventricle And Aorta) Fig:1.2
PHYSIOLOGY OF HEART Heart as a vital and involuntary function of pumping the bool to all the organs of our body to nourish all tissue and maintains the controlled flow of blood in a closed circuit, whole physiology of heart is explained under the following headings. all the cardio-vascular activities are controlled by autonomous nervous system (center is located in medulla). conductive system of heart (transmission of electrical impulses to maintain the normal rhythm of the heart) cardiac cycle (cyclic changes or events taking place in the heart to pump the blood) circulatory system (circulation of blood throughout the body when heart pumps) cardiac out put and (amount of blood ejected from heart in one minute) blood pressure (the pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of the blood vessel during contraction and relaxation of left ventricle)
CONTI. Fig:1.4
CONT CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Fig:1.5
Definition Of Foetal Circulation Foetal circulation is the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from and to the placenta during the foetal life.
SHUNTING Shunting is the connection between two blood vessels without the capillaries, shunting can between two arteries, two veins, or between the arteries and veins. there are three shunting in the fetal circulation, 1. Ductus Venosus (DV) : It is the vein to vein connection where umbilical vein connected to the inferior vena cava. 2. Foramen Ovule (FO) : It is the communication between the atrias. 3. Ductus Arteriosus (DA) : It is the artery to artery connection between pulmonary artery and aorta.
Foetal Circulation Fetal circulation is the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from and to the placenta during the fetal life. It starts from the placenta, through umbilical vein (which carries oxygenated blood) and ends to the entry of deoxygenated blood to the placenta through umbilical arteries. Placenta Placenta is the main sours of oxygen and other essential nutrients for the foetal growth and survival, from placenta one umbilical vein arises, which carry the oxygenated blood and venous blood is returned to it through two umbilical Arteries.
Umbilical Vein And Ductus Venosus : One umbilical vein arises from the placenta, which carries the pure oxygenated blood and other essential nutrients to foetus. foetal liver is supplied by the pure oxygenated blood and after, the umbilical vein communicate with the inferior vena cava where the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood takes place since inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood and that point of vein to vein connection is known as ductus venosus (fig: 1.6) . Finally the mixed blood enters the right atrium through inferior vena cava.
Foramen Ovule : Foramen ovule is the communicating hole in the atrial septum (between right and left atrium), which allows the blood flow from right atrium to the left atrium (fig:1.7). This foramen ovule is normal during foetal life and it closes physiologically soon after the birth and it closes anatomically permanently at 6th month, and finally foramen ovule becomes fossa ovule after birth. Fig:1.7Fig:1.6
DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS : It is the connection or communication between the pulmonary artery and aorta. Due to high pulmonary pressure in the lungs as the lungs are filled with fluid during foetal life, the blood moves directly from pulmonary artery to aorta through the ductus arteriosus (fig:1.8). Only a little amount of blood goes to the lung for its maturation. Fig:1.8
Fig:1.9
Changes After Child Birth Lungs Starts With Its Basic Functioning Following First Cry Of Baby. Foreman Ovule - Fossa Ovule Ductus Venosus - Ligamentum Venosus Ductus Arteriosus - Ligamentum Arteriosus
Fig:2.0
Applied Aspect (If there is any abnormalities during division of cells in the heart may leads to congenital heart defects), A CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS Septal Wall Defects Atrial Septal Defect And Ventricular Septal Defect Patent Ductus Arteriosus(PDA) CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS Tetralogy Of Fallot (TOF) Transposition Of Great Vessels Fig:2.1
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Fetalcirculationfornursingstudents.

  • 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Introduction 2. Anatomy And Physiology Cardio-vascular System 3. Definition Of Foetal Circulation 4. Shunting 5. Flow Of Blood In Foetal Life 6. Changes After Birth 7. Applied Aspect
  • 3. INTRODUCTION The Circulation of Blood in A Growing Foetus or during foetal life is different from that of adults circulation, because of immaturity of lungs or physiologically lungs are not functioning to Oxygenate the blood, hence the foetal blood will get Oxygenated blood from maternal blood through the placental membrane.
  • 4. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY The heart is a hallow muscular organ in our body, which maintains the circulation of blood in a closed circuit known as the circulatory system, heart pumps the blood to all the organs in our body even to the heart itself, where the exchange of gases, nutrients and other essential elements takes place through the various transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, etc. Measurements of heart Anteroposterior Diameter - 6cm Transvers Diameter - 8 To 9cm Length From Apex To Base - 12cm Weight In Male - 300-350g Weight In Female - 250-300g Fig:1.1
  • 5. Anatomical Position Of Heart Heart lies in the middle mediastinum in such a fashion that apex of the heart faces down, tilted towards left at 4th intercoastal space midclavicular line. base of the heart lies upward and backward on right side extending to right 3rd coastal cartilage. RELATIONS OF HEART Superiorly The Aorta, Superior Vena Cava, Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Veins. Inferiorly - Apex Rests on the Central Tendon of the Diaphragm. Anteriorly The Ribs, Intercoastal Muscles and Sternum. Posteriorly Esophagus, Trachea, Left & Right Bronchus, Descending Aorta, Inferior Vena Cava, And Thoracic Vertebrae. Laterally The Lungs. LAYERS OF HEART 1. Endocardium (Inner Layer) 2. Myocardium (Middle Layer) And 3. Pericardium (Outer Layer)
  • 6. HEART CHAMBERS The Human Heart has four chambers i.e Right and Left Atrium , And two Ventricles below the atrium, both the atrium are separated by a septum called as Atrial Septum and respectively ventricles are by the Ventricular Septum. Heart Valves 1. Atrio-ventricular Valves Tricuspid Valve (Right Side) And Bicuspid Valve (Left Side) 2. Semilunar Valves Pulmonary Valve (B/T Rt Ventricle And Pulmonary Artery) Aortic Valve (B/T Lt Ventricle And Aorta) Fig:1.2
  • 7. PHYSIOLOGY OF HEART Heart as a vital and involuntary function of pumping the bool to all the organs of our body to nourish all tissue and maintains the controlled flow of blood in a closed circuit, whole physiology of heart is explained under the following headings. all the cardio-vascular activities are controlled by autonomous nervous system (center is located in medulla). conductive system of heart (transmission of electrical impulses to maintain the normal rhythm of the heart) cardiac cycle (cyclic changes or events taking place in the heart to pump the blood) circulatory system (circulation of blood throughout the body when heart pumps) cardiac out put and (amount of blood ejected from heart in one minute) blood pressure (the pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of the blood vessel during contraction and relaxation of left ventricle)
  • 10. Definition Of Foetal Circulation Foetal circulation is the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from and to the placenta during the foetal life.
  • 11. SHUNTING Shunting is the connection between two blood vessels without the capillaries, shunting can between two arteries, two veins, or between the arteries and veins. there are three shunting in the fetal circulation, 1. Ductus Venosus (DV) : It is the vein to vein connection where umbilical vein connected to the inferior vena cava. 2. Foramen Ovule (FO) : It is the communication between the atrias. 3. Ductus Arteriosus (DA) : It is the artery to artery connection between pulmonary artery and aorta.
  • 12. Foetal Circulation Fetal circulation is the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from and to the placenta during the fetal life. It starts from the placenta, through umbilical vein (which carries oxygenated blood) and ends to the entry of deoxygenated blood to the placenta through umbilical arteries. Placenta Placenta is the main sours of oxygen and other essential nutrients for the foetal growth and survival, from placenta one umbilical vein arises, which carry the oxygenated blood and venous blood is returned to it through two umbilical Arteries.
  • 13. Umbilical Vein And Ductus Venosus : One umbilical vein arises from the placenta, which carries the pure oxygenated blood and other essential nutrients to foetus. foetal liver is supplied by the pure oxygenated blood and after, the umbilical vein communicate with the inferior vena cava where the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood takes place since inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood and that point of vein to vein connection is known as ductus venosus (fig: 1.6) . Finally the mixed blood enters the right atrium through inferior vena cava.
  • 14. Foramen Ovule : Foramen ovule is the communicating hole in the atrial septum (between right and left atrium), which allows the blood flow from right atrium to the left atrium (fig:1.7). This foramen ovule is normal during foetal life and it closes physiologically soon after the birth and it closes anatomically permanently at 6th month, and finally foramen ovule becomes fossa ovule after birth. Fig:1.7Fig:1.6
  • 15. DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS : It is the connection or communication between the pulmonary artery and aorta. Due to high pulmonary pressure in the lungs as the lungs are filled with fluid during foetal life, the blood moves directly from pulmonary artery to aorta through the ductus arteriosus (fig:1.8). Only a little amount of blood goes to the lung for its maturation. Fig:1.8
  • 17. Changes After Child Birth Lungs Starts With Its Basic Functioning Following First Cry Of Baby. Foreman Ovule - Fossa Ovule Ductus Venosus - Ligamentum Venosus Ductus Arteriosus - Ligamentum Arteriosus
  • 19. Applied Aspect (If there is any abnormalities during division of cells in the heart may leads to congenital heart defects), A CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS Septal Wall Defects Atrial Septal Defect And Ventricular Septal Defect Patent Ductus Arteriosus(PDA) CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS Tetralogy Of Fallot (TOF) Transposition Of Great Vessels Fig:2.1