Fidelibus, ctgc rootstocks, 2015
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The document discusses the evaluation and benefits of new rootstocks for table grapes, highlighting their resistance to pests and influences on vine nutrition, salt tolerance, and overall vigor. It reviews various levels of phylloxera resistance among rootstock species and hybrids, suggesting that new options are necessary due to aging stocks and changing soil conditions. The assessment includes data from multiple trials conducted in California, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research and testing programs.
Fidelibus, ctgc rootstocks, 2015
- 1. New rootstocks for table grapes Matthew Fidelibus UC Davis and Jennifer Hashim-Maquire Formerly UCCE Viticulture Advisor
- 2. Acknowledgements California Table Grape Commission Grower Cooperators Don Luvisi Allison Ferry-Abee, Franka Gabler, Ashraf El Kereamy, Larry Williams, Shinjian George Zhuang
- 3. Outline Potential rootstock benefits General characteristics of common rootstock parent species and hybrid groups Site factors that influence selection Value of testing programs; university or on- farm trials Review of California selection programs and sample data
- 4. Potential benefits of rootstocks Resistance to nematodes and phylloxera Influence vine mineral nutrition and salt tolerance Influence scion capacity and vigor Influence vine yield, fruit quality, and maturation rate Tolerance to water deficit
- 5. Classic rootstocks Original purpose of rootstocks was to overcome phylloxera Vitis riparia & Vitis rupestris resistant to phylloxera, root well from dormant cuttings, & graft well with vinifera scions Vitis berlandieri does better on calcareous soils, but roots poorly, so it was crossed with V. riparia and V. rupestris
- 6. Vitis berlandieri Variable phylloxera resistance Good lime tolerance Deep rooting provides some drought tolerance
- 7. Vitis riparia High phylloxera resistance Easy to propagate Riparian origin and low drought resistance, moderate salt tolerance Shallow roots, low vigor, early fruit maturity Low resistance to root knot nematode; moderate resistance to dagger nematode
- 8. Vitis rupestris Deep roots can help protect against drought, but not on shallow soils High phylloxera resistance but low nematode resistance Easy to propagate
- 9. V. riparia x V. rupestris hybrids Low to moderate vigor Early fruit maturity Low drought tolerance Includes 101-14, Schwarzmann, 3309 C
- 10. V. berlandieri x V. riparia hybrids Moderate to high vigor Moderately sensitive to drought Includes Teleki 5C, Kober 5BB, SO4, 420A
- 11. V. berlandieri x V. rupestris Moderate to high scion vigor Good drought and salt tolerance Moderate to high nematode tolerance Includes 1103 P, 140 Ruggeri, 110 Richter, 99 Richter
- 12. Vitis candicans / mustangensis Resistant to phylloxera and nematodes Difficult to propagate
- 13. Vitis x. champinii Natural hybrid of V. candicans x V. rupestris Moderate phylloxera & dagger nematode resistance, high root knot nematode resist. Deep roots, high vigor, high drought & salt tolerance Dog Ridge & Ramsey are champinii selections; Freedom & Harmony are complex hybrids with champinii parentage
- 14. Why are new rootstocks needed? Few stocks currently in use: Freedom, Harmony, & 1103P Freedom & Harmony >40 years old; some soil pests have overcome resistance mechanisms Effective fumigants & nematicides have been restricted or phased out As water becomes more limited, need for drought & salt tolerant stocks will increase
- 15. California rootstock evaluation efforts Hundreds of yet untested rootstock selections from USDA and UC Davis breeding programs Raisin grape trial in Fresno Wine grape trials throughout the state Table grape trials in Ducor, Goshen, and Traver
- 17. Autumn King, Ducor, California Rootstock Origin Parentage Autumn King USDA, Fresno V. vinifera Freedom USDA, Fresno V champinii x 1613C Harmony USDA, Fresno V. champinii x 1613C Teleki 5C Hungary V. berlandieri x V. riparia Salt Creek (Ramsey) Texas V. candicans x. V. rupestris 1103-P Sicily, Italy V. berlandieri x V. rupestris Crimson Seedless USDA, Fresno V. vinifera USDA 10-17 A USDA, Fresno V. simpsoni x Edna ((V. lincecumii x V. rupestris) x V. vinifera) RS-3 UC KAC, Parlier (V. candicans x V. rupestris) x (V. riparia x V. rupestris) RSD-34 UC KAC, Parlier ((V. candicans x V. rupestris) x (V. riparia x V. rupestris)) x V. doaniana GRN1 UC Davis V. rupestris x M. rotundifolia hybrid GRN2 UC Davis (V. rufotomentosa x (V. champinii Dog Ridge x Riparia Gloire)) x Riparia Gloire GRN3 UC Davis (V. rufotomentosa x (V. champinii Dog Ridge x Riparia Gloire)) x V. champinii c9038 (probably V. candicans x V. monticola) GRN4 UC Davis (V. rufotomentosa x (V. champinii Dog Ridge x Riparia Gloire)) x V. champinii c9038 (probably V. candicans x V. monticola) GRN-5 UC Davis (V. champinii Ramsey x Riparia Gloire) x V. champinii c9021 (probably V. candicans x V. berlandieri)
- 18. Autumn King, Traver, California Rootstock Origin Parentage Autumn King USDA, Fresno V. vinifera Freedom USDA, Fresno V champinii x 1613C Harmony USDA, Fresno V champinii x 1613C Salt Creek (Ramsey) Texas V. candicans x. V. rupestris Teleki 5C Hungary V. berlandieri x V. riparia RS-3 KAC, Parlier (V. candicans x V. rupestris) x (V. riparia x V. rupestris) RS-9 KAC, Parlier (V. candicans x V. rupestris) x (V. riparia x V. rupestris) USDA 10-17A USDA, Fresno V. simpsonii x Edna ((V. lincecumii x V. rupestris) x V. vinifera)) RSD-34 KAC, Parlier ((V. candicans x V. rupestris) x (V. riparia x V. rupestris)) x V. doaniana
- 19. Scarlet Royal, Goshen, California Rootstock Origin Parentage Scarlet Royal USDA, Fresno V. vinifera Freedom USDA, Fresno V champinii x 1613C 1103-P Sicily, Italy V. berlandieri x V. rupestris Kober 5BB Austria V. berlandieri x V. riparia Teleki 5C Hungary V. berlandieri x V. riparia RS-3 KAC, Parlier (V. candicans x V. rupestris)x(V. riparia x V .rupestris) RS-9 KAC, Parlier (V. candicans x V. rupestris) x (V. riparia x V. rupestris) USDA 10-23B USDA, Fresno V. doaniana 10-17A USDA, Fresno V. simpsoni x Edna ((V. lincecumii x V. rupestris) x V. vinifera)) RSD-34 KAC, Parlier ((V. candicans x V. rupestris) x (V. riparia x V. rupestris)) x V. doaniana
- 20. Autumn King, Ducor, Petiole Analysis P (total) K (total) Ca (total) Mg (total) NO3-N Rootstock (%) (%) (%) (%) (ppm) 10-17A 0.10 de 1.98 bc 2.13 bc 0.47 def 738 cde 1103 P 0.12 cde 1.77 bcde 1.67 f 0.54 cd 777 bcd Crimson 0.11 cde 1.70 de 1.89 de 0.51 de 439 ef Freedom 0.11 cde 2.52 a 1.99 cd 0.75 a 1401 a GRN1 0.17 a 1.92 bcd 1.92 de 0.60 bc 1405 a GRN2 0.16 ab 2.32 a 2.39 a 0.44 ef 1038 b GRN3 0.15 ab 1.71 cde 1.99 cd 0.54 cd 657 cdef GRN4 0.13 bcd 2.48 a 2.30 ab 0.49 def 749 bcde Harmony 0.10 de 2.02 b 1.71 f 0.48 def 389 f Own-rooted 0.11 cde 1.60 e 2.02 cd 0.54 cd 593 def RS3 0.15 abc 2.50 a 2.14 bc 0.64 b 697 cde RSD34 0.09 e 1.83 bcde 2.18 bc 0.53 cd 502 def Salt Creek 0.12 bcde 1.88 bcde 1.78 ef 0.43 f 920 bc Teleki 5C 0.13 bcd 1.65 de 2.04 cd 0.54 cd 585 def
- 21. Autumn King, Ducor, Petiole Analysis B (total) Zn (total) Mn (total) Cu (total) Na (total) Cl (IC) Cultivar (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (%) 10-17A 76 bcd 39 abcd 127 ef 8.6 a 0.019 efg 0.34 ab 1103 P 73 cd 27 d 163 de 4.5 bc 0.014 g 0.00 f Crimson 73 cd 40 abc 282 a 5.9 bc 0.122 a 0.38 a Freedom 86 ab 29 bcd 227 bc 3.9 c 0.040 d 0.21 c GRN1 72 d 31 bcd 173 de 5.4 bc 0.022 efg 0 f GRN2 82 abcd 29 bcd 164 de 6.2 bc 0.030 de 0.30 b GRN3 85 ab 36 abcd 157 de 4.8 bc 0.016 fg 0.09 de GRN4 90 a 29 cd 191 cd 4.7 bc 0.024 efg 0.12 d Harmony 80 abcd 42 ab 174 de 4.7 bc 0.071 c 0.03 f Own-rooted 90 a 45 a 244 ab 6.8 ab 0.096 b 0.37 a RS3 84 abc 34 abcd 172 de 5.4 bc 0.071 c 0.0 f RSD34 78 bcd 34 abcd 161 de 4.6 bc 0.076 c 0.06 ef Salt Creek 77 bcd 41 abc 110 f 6.8 ab 0.021 efg 0.09 de Teleki 5C 89 a 33 abcd 199 bcd 4.8 bc 0.028 def 0.01 f
- 22. Autumn King, Ducor, Fruit Quality Berry weight Brix pH TA Cultivar (g) (%) (%) (g/100 ml) 10-17A 5.62 abc 15.7 d 3.85 e 0.30 bcde 1103 P 5.95 a 16.95 ab 3.89 cde 0.32 abc Crimson 5.45 abc 16.49 bc 3.89 cde 0.30 def Freedom 5.27 bcd 17.45 a 3.97 ab 0.31 bcd GRN1 5.51 abc 16.04 cd 3.88 cde 0.32 abc GRN2 5.71 abc 16.39 bc 3.91 bcde 0.33 a GRN3 5.80 ab 16.77 ab 3.91 bcde 0.29 def GRN4 5.60 abc 16.86 ab 3.92 bcd 0.30 cde Harmony 5.64 abc 17.39 a 4.01 a 0.28 f Own-rooted 4.79 d 17.04 ab 3.85 e 0.29 ef RS3 5.54 abc 16.83 ab 3.92 bcd 0.30 bcde RSD34 5.19 cd 17.40 a 3.92 bcd 0.28 f Salt Creek 5.91 a 16.51 bc 3.89 cde 0.29 def Teleki 5C 5.44 abc 17.27 a 3.92 bcd 0.32 ab
- 23. Autumn King, Ducor, Picking Data Clusters pickedz Total harvest Cull wt/vine Cultivar (no.) Yield (kg/vine) (kg) 10-17A 32 11.58 4.05 1103 P 37 14.00 3.94 Crimson 43 13.22 4.53 Freedom 48 12.43 4.42 GRN1 42 11.11 4.32 GRN2 46 11.60 3.75 GRN3 17 9.19 2.88 GRN4 36 11.53 3.95 Harmony 61 15.38 5.34 Own-rooted 35 7.85 3.12 RS3 34 11.25 3.70 RSD34 28 7.54 3.06 Salt Creek 26 12.20 3.74 Teleki 5C 35 11.45 2.77
- 24. Autumn King, Traver, 2012 N (total) P (total) K (total) S (total) Ca (total) Mg (total) NO3-N (total) Cultivar (%) (%) (%) (ppm) (%) (%) (ppm) RS-3 1.26 bc 0.51 b 4.12 b 1533 e 1.42 c 0.39 abc 889 c RS-9 1.25 bc 0.40 de 3.41 c 2374 a 1.42 c 0.42 ab 1189 bc Freedom 1.52 ab 0.52 b 4.46 a 1756 de 1.73 b 0.41 ab 2325 a Own Root 1.04 c 0.36 ef 2.62 d 1553 e 1.72 b 0.38 bcd 984 c Harmony 1.25 bc 0.44 cd 3.99 b 2081 bc 1.51 c 0.36 cde 1641 b Ramsey 1.78 a 0.57 a 3.44 c 2142 b 1.64 b 0.35 de 2116 a 10-17A 1.05 c 0.33 f 2.77 d 1913 bcd 1.95 a 0.42 a 740 c RSD-34 1.31 bc 0.36 ef 3.31 c 1969 bcd 1.49 c 0.33 ef 1591 b Teleki 5C 1.15 bc 0.46 c 3.61 c 1876 cd 1.93 a 0.31 f 1456 b
- 25. Autumn King, Traver, 2012 B (total) Zn (total) Mn (total) Fe (total) Cu (total) Na (total) Cl (IC) Pruning wt Cultivar (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (%) (kg/vine) RS-3 37.82 d 38.49 a 44.25 ab 39.92 ab 12.14 cd 0.03 c 0.26 c 4.80 bcd RS-9 42.70 ab 35.05 bc 21.10 de 36.79 ab 11.70 d 0.01 ef 0.15 d 4.37 bcd Freedom 43.98 a 25.73 d 40.59 bc 42.97 ab 9.59 f 0.02 de 0.33 b 5.33 ab Own Root 39.71 cd 34.22 c 34.52 bcd 34.58 b 13.09 bc 0.06 a 0.45 a 5.79 a Harmony 37.92 d 34.16 c 19.44 e 45.36 a 11.07 de 0.03 cd 0.14 d 4.06 cd Ramsey 40.47 bcd 40.14 a 27.30 cde 42.87 ab 14.31 a 0.02 ef 0.17 d 4.40 bcd 10-17A 40.83 bc 37.63 ab 54.15 a 37.87 ab 13.48 ab 0.03 cd 0.44 a 3.87 d RSD-34 38.12 d 26.04 d 32.40 bcde 36.14 ab 11.95 cd 0.04 b 0.29 bc 5.04 abc Teleki 5C 39.52 cd 34.79 bc 34.10 bcd 40.13 ab 10.37 ef 0.01 f 0.13 d 4.57 bcd
- 26. Autumn King, Traver, Fruit Quality Berry weight Brix pH TA Cultivar (g) (%) (%) (g/100 ml) RS-3 10.54 bc 16.49 ab 3.99 b 3.51 bc RS-9 10.38 bc 15.98 bc 3.94 cd 3.66 ab Freedom 10.08 c 15.97 bc 4.06 a 3.77 a Own Root 11.09 b 15.67 c 3.97 bc 3.61 abc Harmony 10.81 bc 15.61 c 4.06 a 3.64 ab Ramsey 11.81 a 15.45 cd 4.04 a 3.43 c 10-17A 10.49 bc 15.06 d 3.92 d 3.40 c RSD-34 10.57 bc 16.57 a 3.97 bc 3.65 ab Teleki 5C 11.03 b 15.84 c 3.99 b 3.58 abc
- 27. Autumn King,Traver Clusters Total harvest Cull wt/vine Cultivar (no.) Yield (kg/vine) (kg) RS-3 75 ab 25.10 bc 2.69 abc RS-9 70 ab 24.29 bc 2.91 ab Freedom 63 ab 17.92 d 1.82 d Own Root 83 a 28.66 ab 2.77 ab Harmony 69 ab 22.34 cd 1.91 cd Ramsey 70 ab 23.86 bc 2.12 bcd 10-17A 61 b 31.41 a 3.29 a RSD-34 78 ab 26.38 abc 3.00 a Teleki 5C 76 ab 24.74 bc 2.56 abcd
- 28. Scarlet Royal, Goshen, Petiole Analyses P (total) K (total) Ca (total) Mg (total) NO3-N (total) Cultivar (%) (%) (%) (%) (ppm) RS-3 0.337 c 3.53 ab 1.54 e 0.46 a 290 bc RS-9 0.326 c 3.11 d 1.69 d 0.47 a 280 bc Freedom 0.309 cd 3.69 a 1.94 c 0.46 a 503 a Own Root 0.303 cd 3.50 ab 1.83 c 0.36 bc 272 bcd Teleki 5C 0.380 b 3.44 b 2.14 b 0.30 de 176 d Kober 5BB 0.438 a 3.34 bc 2.18 b 0.33 cd 214 b 10-17A 0.271 de 3.16 cd 2.39 a 0.38 b 213 cd 1103-P 0.454 a 3.56 ab 2.21 b 0.48 a 327 b 10-23B 0.261 e 3.44 b 2.07 b 0.27 e 341 b RSD-34 0.339 c 3.21 cd 1.44 e 0.32 de 452 a
- 29. Scarlet Royal, Goshen, Petiole Analyses B (total) Zn (total) Mn (total) Cu (total) Na (total) Cl (IC) Pruning weight Cultivar (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (%) (kg/vine) RS-3 38.7 c 38 b 40 c 11.62 bc 0.03 b 0.28 c 3.31 c RS-9 45.5 b 37 bc 28 d 11.68 bc 0.01 c 0.11 d 3.28 c Freedom 48.9 a 31 d 54 b 8.83 d 0.02 c 0.29 c 4.45 a Own Root 40.1 c 39 b 42 c 12.64 ab 0.13 a 0.75 a 4.09 ab Teleki 5C 45.3 b 30 d 39 c 10.11 cd 0.02 c 0.11 d 3.75 bc Kober 5BB 43.5 b 44 a 61 ab 10.64 c 0.01 c 0.09 d 3.97 ab 10-17A 43.9 b 31 d 24 d 13.86 a 0.01 c 0.45 b 3.39 c 1103-P 48.5 a 34 c 62 a 11.12 bc 0.01 c 0.05 d 4.32 a 10-23B 40.9 c 18 e 44 c 10.34 cd 0.01 c 0.05 d 3.32 c RSD-34 39.7 c 29 d 54 b 10.72 c 0.01 c 0.06 d 3.37 c
- 30. Scarlet Royal, Goshen, Fruit Quality Berry weight Length Width Brix TA Cultivar Lightness Chroma hue (g) (mm) (mm) (%) pH (g/100 ml) RS-3 29.43 10.15 abc 17.97 ab 9.12 ab 28.99 ab 22.68 a 17.87 3.45 8.0 abc RS-9 28.65 9.93 bc 14.40 ab 9.02 ab 28.92 ab 22.31 ab 18.48 3.47 7.74 abc Freedom 28.02 10.47 ab 16.15 ab 8.15 c 28.12 bc 21.58 abc 18.54 3.50 8.13 ab Own Root 28.86 10.86 a 17.12 ab 8.75 abc 29.10 ab 22.37 ab 17.69 3.45 8.41 a Teleki 5C 28.08 9.63 c 13.82 b 8.64 abc 29.31 a 22.02 abc 18.49 3.46 8.35 a Kober 5BB 28.70 10.30 abc 16.96 ab 8.62 abc 29.31 a 21.00 c 17.90 3.48 8.31 a 10-17A 29.17 10.88 a 17.17 ab 8.67 abc 29.38 a 21.85 abc 17.99 3.53 7.33 bc 1103-P 28.27 10.05 bc 14.65 ab 9.24 a 29.39 a 22.36 ab 18.24 3.47 8.33 a 10-23B 28.20 10.17 abc 15.58 ab 8.51 bc 28.74 ab 21.84 abc 18.03 3.53 7.19 c RSD-34 28.96 10.00 bc 18.43 a 7.60 d 27.44 c 21.52 bc 17.72 3.49 8.35 a
- 31. Scarlet Royal, Goshen, Picking Data Total packed wt Cultivar (kg) RS-3 27.7 ab RS-9 24.9 b Freedom 25.9 b Own Root 28.7 ab Teleki 5C 25.4 b Kober 5BB 22.6 b 10-17A 23.9 b 1103-P 32.2 a 10-23B 32.9 a RSD-34 26.3 b
- 32. Summary Rootstocks tested have consistent effects on mineral nutrition and salt uptake Rootstock effects on fruit quality and yield have been relatively small, though Freedom appears to reduce berry size whereas Ramsey promotes it Pest pressure has been relatively low and variable; differences among stocks may increase with pest pressure
- 35. For a copy of this presentation http://slideshare.net/viticulture