Final hallucinogens yasir raza
- 2. Outline Definition of hallucinogens Classification of hallucinogens Slang names Harmful effects of hallucinogens Types of hallucinations Details of different hallucinogens
- 3. Hallucinogens Hallucinogens are a group of drugs that have the capacity to alter perceptual, cognitive, and emotional states. They can alter consciousness in profound and bizarre ways. Hallucinogens are divided into four classes: serotonergic hallucinogens, methylated amphetamines, anticholinergic hallucinogens, and dissociative anesthetics
- 4. Serotonergic hallucinogens include the synthetic compound LSD and related drugs, such as mescaline (from the peyote cactus) and psilocybin (from certain mushrooms), along with many other less well known compounds. All produce vivid visual hallucinations and a variety of other effects on consciousness. They also have in common the action of influencing serotonin transmission in the brain Methylated amphetamines include MDA and MDMA (ecstacy). They are structurally related to amphetamines and produce alterations in mood and consciousness with little or no sensory change. They act like amphetamine and cocaine on dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin synapses
- 5. Anticholinergic hallucinogens include drugs like atropine and scopolamine found in plants such as mandrake, henbane, belladonna, and jimson weed. These drugs produce a dreamlike trance where the user awakens with little or no memory of the experience. The fourth class of hallucinogens, referred to as the dissociative anesthetics, include phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) and the related compound ketamine. They have the ability to produce surgical anesthesia while the individual remains at least semiconscious
- 6. Street Names/Slang Names Acid Battery Acid Looney Toons Tab Dots Purple Heart
- 8. Chemicals Depending on the drug it has different chemicals. Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are therefore classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens have chemical struct ures similar to those of human neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, and temporarily modify the action of neurotransmitters and/or receptor sites.
- 9. Harmful effects It messes with what you see and make you see things that are not there.
- 10. Effects on Nervous System It changes your state of mind Effects on Cardiovascular SystemIt makes your heart race and could go into cardiac arrest Gas is a side effect. Effects on Digestive System
- 11. Effects of Respiratory System You can go into respiratory arrest. Mixing with Alcohol It can give you a euphoric high.
- 12. Effects on family It can ruin your family and social life. You will slowly lose friends and loved ones.
- 13. TYPES OF HALLUCINATION CHARACTERI STICS OBSERVAB LE BEHAV IOR AUDITORY Hearingnoises or sounds most commonly in the form of voice Moving eye back and forth as if looking to see who or what is talking VISUAL Sees a person or object that is not present Visions can be pleasant or terrifying as in seeing monsters Suddenly running into another room
- 14. TYPES OF HALLUCINATION CHARACTERISTI CS OBSERVA BLE BEHAVIOR GUSTATORY Experiences a taste that is not present and frequently is bitter or strong Spitting out food or a beverage. Refusing to eat, drink or take medicines TACTILE Experiences the feeling of a touch. Feeling electrical sensations coming from the ground, inanimate objects or other people Slapping self as if putting out a fire
- 15. Psychedelic Psychotogenic Psychotomimetic Synonyms Drugs which causes hallucinations Drug which alter mood, behavior, thought and perception Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Lysergic acid amide Psilocybin Mescaline Cannabinoids
- 16. How do hallucinogens affect the brain? Interfere with the action of the brain chemical serotonin, which regulates: mood sensory perception sleep hunger body temperature muscle control Interfere with the action of the brain chemical glutamate, which regulates: pain perception responses to the environment emotion learning and memory Partially work by temporarily disrupting communication between brain chemical systems throughout brain and spinal cord.
- 17. LS D Lysergic acid diethylamine Most potent hallucinogen mood-changing chemical found in the ergot fungus that grows on rye 25-50袖g produces all effect Pharmacology of LSD is indeed quite complex so its mechanisms of action remain unclear
- 18. Lysergic acid amide Relative of LSD but 10 times less potent Found in morning glory (Ipomoea violace) seeds
- 19. Psilocybi n Found in Mexican mushroom (Psilocybe mexicana) also known as Magical mushroom Mainly interacts with 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes Synonyms Shrooms Magic mushrooms Sacred mushrooms
- 20. MescalineFrom Mexican Lophophora williamsii Low potency hallucinogen Phenylalkylamine
- 22. Cannabinoids Used in various forms like Bhang dried leaves Ganja - dried female infloresence Charas dried resinous extract Found fromCannabis indica