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Breakeven Cost Definition (all per barrel) Comment
Accounting
Breakeven
Production costs (including
Taxes) + Transportation costs
+ Exploration Expense +
DD&A
This definition gives the breakeven cost on a pure
accounting basis
Full Cycle (Basic) Production costs + F&D costs
Is partial as it excludes SG&A, Transportation costs and
WACC
Full Cycle (exc
WACC)
Production costs (inc. Taxes)
+F&D costs + SG&A +
Transportation costs
Excludes allowance for return on capital.
Full Cycle (Inc WACC)
Production costs (inc. Taxes)
+ F&D costs + SG&A +
Transportation costs + WACC
Evaluate Energy definition of Full Cycle Cost including
allowance for return on capital. This cost definition
covers all long-term costs. If this cost is not covered in
the long run, operations are not sustainable.
Cash Cost Production costs + SG&A
If a company can cover these cash costs it will continue
to produce from the asset. However, just covering this
cost is not sustainable in the long run because no
allowance has been made for capital replacement or
return on capital.
تعاریف
DD&A: Depreciation,
depletion and
amortization
F&D: Finding And
Development
WACC: Weighted Average
Cost of Capital
SG&A Selling, General and
Administrative Expenses
20. سربسر نقطه پارامترهای توضیحات1
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Cost Explanation
SG&A
These costs are not reported for the upstream sector alone by large integrated companies, so Evaluate
Energy bases its per barrel SG&A on a large sample of pure upstream companies in its database.
Unproved Property
Acquisition Costs
These costs are reported by companies that submit filings to the Client
F&D Costs
These costs are calculated from Client filings based on exploration and development costs and the cost of
unproved property acquisition divided by discoveries, revisions to reserves (included because they form
part of long term reserve replacement) and reserves added through improved recovery.
Production Costs (or
lifting costs)
These are reported by companies to the Client.
Transportation Costs These costs are reported in varying ways by companies but are included where known.
Production Taxes
Taxes and taxes paid under production sharing or concession agreements (Inc. royalties) are reported by
companies to the Client.
Return on Capital
Evaluate Energy calculates each company’s weighted average cost of capital. Cost of equity is calculated via
the Capital Asset Pricing Model (Risk free rate + beta x market risk premium). Cost of debt is calculated as
interest expense plus interest capitalized divided by total debt.
Risk Premium
Evaluate Energy has designed a unique country risk rating that differentiates risk levels in different
countries. There may be technical and commercial risk premia that may be required in addition and will
depend on individual circumstances.
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Cost Explanation
SG&A The company must cover it selling, general and administrative expenses.
Property Acquisition
Costs
The cost of acquiring unproved property is an on-going part of the business.
Finding Costs
The company must cover the cost of geological and geophysical work (G&G), licensing rounds,
signature bonuses and the costs of drilling exploration wells.
Development Costs
The company must cover the costs of acquiring, constructing, and installing production facilities and
drilling development wells. Finding anddevelopment costs are often grouped together under the term
F&D costs.
Production Costs
Also known as Lifting Costs. These are the costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and related
equipment and facilities, including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment
and facilities and other costs of operating and maintaining those wells.
Transportation Costs The company must cover the cost of transporting its product to market.
Production Taxes
An Company must pay production taxes or royalties to the host state. This may be in the form of a fixed
royalty % or in the form of a more complex production sharing agreement.
Return on Capital
An Company must at least cover its cost of capital over the medium term. Otherwise it is destroying
value for its shareholders. Evaluate Energy calculates this for each company based on the cost of its
debt and equity.
Risk Premium
Company will be looking for a risk premium over and above its cost of capital to cover the uncertainties
inherent in oil and gas investments.
سربسر نقطه پارامترهای توضیحات2