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First Aid course for health science students | Chapter 1

Mr Awel
Mr Awel

First Aid Course: Essential Life-Saving Skills for Every Individual Welcome to our comprehensive First Aid course designed to equip you with the fundamental skills needed to respond confidently and effectively in emergency situations. This course is ideal for individuals, caregivers, workplace safety officers, and anyone interested in learning essential life-saving techniques. Course Overview: Our First Aid course provides you with the knowledge and skills to handle a range of medical emergencies, from minor cuts and burns to more serious incidents like heart attacks, choking, and strokes. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refresh your knowledge, this course covers everything from basic life support (BLS) techniques to advanced first aid interventions. What You Will Learn: Basic First Aid Principles: Understanding the role of a first aider and the importance of remaining calm during emergencies. How to assess the situation, prioritize care, and protect yourself and others. Identifying when to seek professional medical help and how to effectively communicate during an emergency. Handling Common Injuries: How to manage cuts, abrasions, and burns. Techniques for cleaning, dressing, and bandaging wounds to prevent infection and minimize further injury. Treatment for sprains, strains, and fractures, including how to immobilize a limb properly. Cardiac and Respiratory Emergencies: How to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use an automated external defibrillator (AED) in cases of cardiac arrest. Recognizing the signs of heart attacks and strokes and knowing when to take immediate action. Managing choking emergencies, including performing the Heimlich maneuver. Dealing with Medical Conditions: Recognizing the signs of common medical emergencies such as asthma attacks, seizures, and diabetic emergencies. Providing support to individuals with allergies or anaphylactic reactions. How to handle heatstroke, hypothermia, and other environmental emergencies. Mental Health First Aid: How to identify and support individuals in mental health crises, including those experiencing panic attacks, anxiety, or depression. Providing comfort and encouragement while awaiting professional assistance. Course Features: Expert Trainers: Learn from certified and experienced first aid instructors who will guide you through practical demonstrations and real-life scenarios. Interactive Learning: Engage with hands-on exercises and quizzes that test your understanding and reinforce your knowledge. Up-to-Date Information: Stay informed about the latest first aid practices and guidelines, ensuring you are always prepared for any situation. Certification: Upon successful completion of the course, you will receive a certificate that can be used to demonstrate your skills for personal, professional, or workplace safety requirements. Why Choose Our First Aid Course?

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First Aid and Accident Prevention For Pharmacy Students By Awel, 2024,@MWU
Course Objectives General Objective To apply first aid and accident prevention knowledge and skills in any emergency situation.
Course Objectives Specific Course Objectives At the end of each topic, the student will be able to: Define first aid and accident prevention. Explain the principles of first aid. Identify respiratory emergencies and perform artificial respiration. Discuss cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Recognize wounds, identify types of bleeding, and control bleeding.
Course Objectives Specific Course Objectives Describe dressing and bandaging techniques. Provide care for casualties experiencing shock or sudden illness. Understand the importance of safe lifting and transportation of casualties. Apply first aid approaches for fractures, poisoning, and disaster situations. Distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate actions in emergencies.
CHAPTER I Introduction To First Aid
How do you approach it?
Objectives At the end of this lesson, students will be able to : Define first aid Identify the Goal/aim of providing first aid Explain Principles of First Aid List value of first aid training Know how to deal with emergency situations Define infection prevention and patient safety
What is first-aid?? First Aid : The immediate care given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available. It consists of a serious of simple life saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform.
Important points about First Aid It can be performed by a bystander or by victim First aid can bring a difference between life & death First aiders don't diagnose or treat; they suspect and provide first aid on-site. Can be applied everywhere Usually using locally available materials or materials at hand
Clara Barton
Universal first aid symbol It consists of a white cross on a green background. Used to indicate the location of first aid facilities, equipment, or services.
Important Battle of Solferino 1859 Sardinia VS Austria Henry Dunant founder of ICRC 1863
Common Terms First Aider:- Any person who has received a certificate from an authorized training body indicating that he or she is qualified to render first aid. Emergency:- is unexpected situations that pose an immediate risk to health, life, and property and that require immediate action. Casualty : A person killed or injured in a war or accident Safety: Safety is the state of being free from harm, danger, or injury.
Goals/Aim of first aid Preserve life Prevent Further harm Promote recovery
B1. CHRISTIAN ERIKSEN collapse Euro 2020
Prevent Further harm
Promote recovery /Strain Mgt
Values/Needs Of First Aid Emergencies happen unannounced, anywhere at work, home, school, or in public. Natural and man-made disasters are on the rise Population growth and reliance on technology increase the risks associated with mechanical and electrical devices. Self-help skills in first aid are vital for immediate response and support.
Principles of first aid Removal of the casualty without aggravating existing health situation. Maintain ABC Immediate arrest of hemorrhage Prevention of impending shock Immobilization of simple and compound fractures & dislocations. Cover any open wounds to prevent contamination. Do not try to push/move any dislocated/broken bone.
Principles Treat the victim on time unless dangerous to do so. Aware that further injury may happen during caring for victim. Relief pain and promote Recovery. Keep the victim comfortable Referring causality to hospital for further medical care.
Qualities of first aider Good observant Resourceful Dexterous/skillful Discriminating/prioritize care Persevering Knowledgeable Able to understand his or her limitation Sympathetic
Emergency scene management (ESM) ESM is the sequence of actions you should follow to ensure safe and appropriate first aid is given. ESM is a structured approach that guides first aiders in handling emergency situations.
STEPS FOR EMERGENCY SCENE MANAGEMENT 1. Scene Survey: Take control of the scene, ensure safety, and find out what happened. 2. Primary Survey: Assess for life-threatening injuries and provide life-saving first aid. 3. Secondary Survey: Methodical check to assess a responsive casualty for any other injuries or illnesses. 4. Ongoing Care: Continuously monitor the casualty's condition until medical help arrives.
1. Scene Survey What to Consider Before Treating Someone? What happened? Further danger? Can you cope? Number of casualties? Who needs help first? B2.Safety First Drivers Scene - Copy
2. Primary survey A rapid assessment process used in emergency medical situations to identify and address life-threatening conditions. The primary survey is a rapid assessment process designed to assess and treat life-threatening injuries rapidly.
Primary survey Algorism Assess the victim for DRA1P-A2BCH (Primary survey algorithm) D Danger R Responsiveness A1 Activate EMS P Position A2 Airway B Breathing C Circulation H Hemorrhage control D R C A B For Cardiac Arrest car AHA guidline
Assessment. D is for Danger Safety first Assess the situation for presence of any Danger Are there any risks to you or to the casualty? If the incident is too dangerous to approach, stay back and call for emergency help.
Assessment. R is for Responsiveness Is the victim conscious? Touch their shoulder, ask if they are alright. Ask if they need help. If they say No (I dont need), then proceed no further If they say Yes (I need help), or No response, then proceed to A1
Assessment. A1 is for Activate EMS Activate Emergency medical service or call for ambulance. Shout for help When you call for help include: Your name The emergency situation The location of the emergency Condition of the victim Number of victims If the area is remote/difficult to access, consider sending someone to meet the EMS in known location.
Assessment. When should EMS be called? If the victim is unresponsive If the victim tell you that they need help If you suspect that the problem needs medical attention
Assessment. P is for Position Reposition victim: Only if it doesn't increase danger or if no suspected spinal injury. Avoid movement: If Suspected spinal injuryexcept in life- threatening situations.
Assessment. A2 is for Airway Check airway patency The airway may be blocked by : The back of the patients tongue Solid or semisolid material; food, vomit or blood Swelling or injury of the airway Position of the neck
Assessment. A2 is for Airway. Open airway by performing the Head-Tilt-Chin-Lift technique. CI- Suspected Cervical Trauma Patient
Assessment. B is for Breathing Use the LLF technique Look, listen & feel breathing
Assessment. If Normal Breathing (Steady and regular breathing) Place the person in the recovery position. Monitor breathing continuously. Not Normal Breathing Signs: Breathing is absent or ineffective (e.g., gasping, irregular, or agonal). Action: Move to the next step.
Assessment. C is for Circulation Check pulse The best place to check for a pulse is the carotid artery for adult victims If there is no pulse, consider CPR
Assessment. H is for Hemorrhaging If the victim is bleeding, stop bleeding and provide the necessary care accordingly.
Assessment. Level of consciousness: Recognition of any change of level of consciousness is important. Degree of responsiveness to stimuli (internal and external). It assessed in the following way AVPU - simple
3. Secondary Survey After performing a primary survey and address any life- threatening conditions you can move on to the secondary survey. Its purpose is to evaluate a responsive casualty for additional injuries or illnesses. History (AMPLE ) Allergy, Medication, Previous medical history, Last meal, event history Head-to-toe exam Give first aid for any injury or illness found
4. Ongoing causality care Stay with the casualty until medical help arrives and takes over Rest and reassure the casualty Keep the casualty warm Continue to assess and monitor the ABCs If there are changes to the ABCs treat to the best of your ability When EMS arrives provide them with as much relevant information
When to stop giving care? Once you begin providing care to an injured or ill person, you must continue to give the appropriate care until: The scene becomes unsafe Another trained First Aider or EMS personnel takes over You are too exhausted to continue The Person Shows Signs of Recovery
Essential Considerations Beyond First Aid Besides giving first aid, it is important to: Protect the casualtys belongings Keep unnecessary people away Reassure family or friends of the casualty
Importance of Infection Prevention in First Aid Protects first aiders from exposure to harmful pathogens. Protects patients from infection risks and harmful pathogens. Reduces patient complications by minimizing infection risks. Ensures the safety of everyone involved. Key Risks: COVID-19. Diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis B & C transmitted through blood and fluids. You are the most important person during first aid.
Essential Infection Control Steps Hand Hygiene: Wash hands with soap; cover cuts with waterproof dressings. Keep nails short to reduce bacterial transfer risk. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Disposable Gloves: Use items like plastic bags if unavailable. Proper Disposal of Clinical Waste: Dispose of bloody dressings in separate bags; used sharps in disposal containers.
Infection Control During CPR Breathing Barriers: Use Pocket CPR Mask or Face Shield to prevent droplet spread. Use new or appropriately cleaned AED Post-First Aid Hygiene: Wash hands or use sanitizer immediately after administering first aid.
First Aid course for health science students | Chapter 1

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First Aid course for health science students | Chapter 1

  • 1. First Aid and Accident Prevention For Pharmacy Students By Awel, 2024,@MWU
  • 2. Course Objectives General Objective To apply first aid and accident prevention knowledge and skills in any emergency situation.
  • 3. Course Objectives Specific Course Objectives At the end of each topic, the student will be able to: Define first aid and accident prevention. Explain the principles of first aid. Identify respiratory emergencies and perform artificial respiration. Discuss cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Recognize wounds, identify types of bleeding, and control bleeding.
  • 4. Course Objectives Specific Course Objectives Describe dressing and bandaging techniques. Provide care for casualties experiencing shock or sudden illness. Understand the importance of safe lifting and transportation of casualties. Apply first aid approaches for fractures, poisoning, and disaster situations. Distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate actions in emergencies.
  • 6. How do you approach it?
  • 7. Objectives At the end of this lesson, students will be able to : Define first aid Identify the Goal/aim of providing first aid Explain Principles of First Aid List value of first aid training Know how to deal with emergency situations Define infection prevention and patient safety
  • 8. What is first-aid?? First Aid : The immediate care given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available. It consists of a serious of simple life saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform.
  • 9. Important points about First Aid It can be performed by a bystander or by victim First aid can bring a difference between life & death First aiders don't diagnose or treat; they suspect and provide first aid on-site. Can be applied everywhere Usually using locally available materials or materials at hand
  • 11. Universal first aid symbol It consists of a white cross on a green background. Used to indicate the location of first aid facilities, equipment, or services.
  • 12. Important Battle of Solferino 1859 Sardinia VS Austria Henry Dunant founder of ICRC 1863
  • 13. Common Terms First Aider:- Any person who has received a certificate from an authorized training body indicating that he or she is qualified to render first aid. Emergency:- is unexpected situations that pose an immediate risk to health, life, and property and that require immediate action. Casualty : A person killed or injured in a war or accident Safety: Safety is the state of being free from harm, danger, or injury.
  • 14. Goals/Aim of first aid Preserve life Prevent Further harm Promote recovery
  • 15. B1. CHRISTIAN ERIKSEN collapse Euro 2020
  • 18. Values/Needs Of First Aid Emergencies happen unannounced, anywhere at work, home, school, or in public. Natural and man-made disasters are on the rise Population growth and reliance on technology increase the risks associated with mechanical and electrical devices. Self-help skills in first aid are vital for immediate response and support.
  • 19. Principles of first aid Removal of the casualty without aggravating existing health situation. Maintain ABC Immediate arrest of hemorrhage Prevention of impending shock Immobilization of simple and compound fractures & dislocations. Cover any open wounds to prevent contamination. Do not try to push/move any dislocated/broken bone.
  • 20. Principles Treat the victim on time unless dangerous to do so. Aware that further injury may happen during caring for victim. Relief pain and promote Recovery. Keep the victim comfortable Referring causality to hospital for further medical care.
  • 21. Qualities of first aider Good observant Resourceful Dexterous/skillful Discriminating/prioritize care Persevering Knowledgeable Able to understand his or her limitation Sympathetic
  • 22. Emergency scene management (ESM) ESM is the sequence of actions you should follow to ensure safe and appropriate first aid is given. ESM is a structured approach that guides first aiders in handling emergency situations.
  • 23. STEPS FOR EMERGENCY SCENE MANAGEMENT 1. Scene Survey: Take control of the scene, ensure safety, and find out what happened. 2. Primary Survey: Assess for life-threatening injuries and provide life-saving first aid. 3. Secondary Survey: Methodical check to assess a responsive casualty for any other injuries or illnesses. 4. Ongoing Care: Continuously monitor the casualty's condition until medical help arrives.
  • 24. 1. Scene Survey What to Consider Before Treating Someone? What happened? Further danger? Can you cope? Number of casualties? Who needs help first? B2.Safety First Drivers Scene - Copy
  • 25. 2. Primary survey A rapid assessment process used in emergency medical situations to identify and address life-threatening conditions. The primary survey is a rapid assessment process designed to assess and treat life-threatening injuries rapidly.
  • 26. Primary survey Algorism Assess the victim for DRA1P-A2BCH (Primary survey algorithm) D Danger R Responsiveness A1 Activate EMS P Position A2 Airway B Breathing C Circulation H Hemorrhage control D R C A B For Cardiac Arrest car AHA guidline
  • 27. Assessment. D is for Danger Safety first Assess the situation for presence of any Danger Are there any risks to you or to the casualty? If the incident is too dangerous to approach, stay back and call for emergency help.
  • 28. Assessment. R is for Responsiveness Is the victim conscious? Touch their shoulder, ask if they are alright. Ask if they need help. If they say No (I dont need), then proceed no further If they say Yes (I need help), or No response, then proceed to A1
  • 29. Assessment. A1 is for Activate EMS Activate Emergency medical service or call for ambulance. Shout for help When you call for help include: Your name The emergency situation The location of the emergency Condition of the victim Number of victims If the area is remote/difficult to access, consider sending someone to meet the EMS in known location.
  • 30. Assessment. When should EMS be called? If the victim is unresponsive If the victim tell you that they need help If you suspect that the problem needs medical attention
  • 31. Assessment. P is for Position Reposition victim: Only if it doesn't increase danger or if no suspected spinal injury. Avoid movement: If Suspected spinal injuryexcept in life- threatening situations.
  • 32. Assessment. A2 is for Airway Check airway patency The airway may be blocked by : The back of the patients tongue Solid or semisolid material; food, vomit or blood Swelling or injury of the airway Position of the neck
  • 33. Assessment. A2 is for Airway. Open airway by performing the Head-Tilt-Chin-Lift technique. CI- Suspected Cervical Trauma Patient
  • 34. Assessment. B is for Breathing Use the LLF technique Look, listen & feel breathing
  • 35. Assessment. If Normal Breathing (Steady and regular breathing) Place the person in the recovery position. Monitor breathing continuously. Not Normal Breathing Signs: Breathing is absent or ineffective (e.g., gasping, irregular, or agonal). Action: Move to the next step.
  • 36. Assessment. C is for Circulation Check pulse The best place to check for a pulse is the carotid artery for adult victims If there is no pulse, consider CPR
  • 37. Assessment. H is for Hemorrhaging If the victim is bleeding, stop bleeding and provide the necessary care accordingly.
  • 38. Assessment. Level of consciousness: Recognition of any change of level of consciousness is important. Degree of responsiveness to stimuli (internal and external). It assessed in the following way AVPU - simple
  • 39. 3. Secondary Survey After performing a primary survey and address any life- threatening conditions you can move on to the secondary survey. Its purpose is to evaluate a responsive casualty for additional injuries or illnesses. History (AMPLE ) Allergy, Medication, Previous medical history, Last meal, event history Head-to-toe exam Give first aid for any injury or illness found
  • 40. 4. Ongoing causality care Stay with the casualty until medical help arrives and takes over Rest and reassure the casualty Keep the casualty warm Continue to assess and monitor the ABCs If there are changes to the ABCs treat to the best of your ability When EMS arrives provide them with as much relevant information
  • 41. When to stop giving care? Once you begin providing care to an injured or ill person, you must continue to give the appropriate care until: The scene becomes unsafe Another trained First Aider or EMS personnel takes over You are too exhausted to continue The Person Shows Signs of Recovery
  • 42. Essential Considerations Beyond First Aid Besides giving first aid, it is important to: Protect the casualtys belongings Keep unnecessary people away Reassure family or friends of the casualty
  • 43. Importance of Infection Prevention in First Aid Protects first aiders from exposure to harmful pathogens. Protects patients from infection risks and harmful pathogens. Reduces patient complications by minimizing infection risks. Ensures the safety of everyone involved. Key Risks: COVID-19. Diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis B & C transmitted through blood and fluids. You are the most important person during first aid.
  • 44. Essential Infection Control Steps Hand Hygiene: Wash hands with soap; cover cuts with waterproof dressings. Keep nails short to reduce bacterial transfer risk. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Disposable Gloves: Use items like plastic bags if unavailable. Proper Disposal of Clinical Waste: Dispose of bloody dressings in separate bags; used sharps in disposal containers.
  • 45. Infection Control During CPR Breathing Barriers: Use Pocket CPR Mask or Face Shield to prevent droplet spread. Use new or appropriately cleaned AED Post-First Aid Hygiene: Wash hands or use sanitizer immediately after administering first aid.