Fiscal policy( m us q)

Jan 6, 20213 likes110 views

Fiscal policy refers to the government's use of spending, taxation, and borrowing to influence the economy. The objectives of fiscal policy include maintaining economic stability by controlling inflation or deflation, diverting resources to desirable channels, and increasing welfare. Expansionary fiscal policy involves government spending exceeding tax revenue to stimulate the economy during recessions, while contractionary policy reduces spending below tax revenue to pay down debt. The government implements fiscal policy using instruments like taxation, government expenditures, public debt, and budget deficits or surpluses.

Public finance deals with government revenue sources like taxes and expenditures on areas like infrastructure, education, and health. It aims to stabilize the economy, promote growth, and provide essential public goods. Government budgets classify spending into areas and sources of revenue like taxes. A budget deficit occurs when spending exceeds taxes, while a surplus exists when taxes are higher than spending. Deficit financing allows governments to fund spending by borrowing or money creation, but too much can crowd out private investment and cause inflation. Fiscal policy uses taxes and spending to influence employment, growth, and prices.

Redemption of public debt2425140

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The document discusses various methods for redeeming or repaying public debt, including: 1) Refunding existing debt by replacing maturing securities with new securities at lower interest rates. 2) Sinking funds, where governments set aside funds each year plus accrued interest to repay debt over time. 3) Imposing new taxes to generate revenue for repaying loan principal and interest, which may burden future generations. 4) Gradually redeeming debt through issuing terminable annuities that mature annually to bondholders. The key methods involve lowering interest rates, setting aside dedicated repayment funds, generating new tax revenue, or gradually repaying debt over time through annuities.

theory of public finance researchRümeysa Danışman

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The document discusses the theory of public finance and management of public funds in Turkey. It covers several topics: 1) The management of public money flow, including the various sources of state revenues and expenses. A portion of revenues are continuous while some expenses are temporary in nature. 2) Monetary policy and its tools to influence money supply, interest rates, and economic outcomes. There are requirements for effective monetary policy implementation. 3) Public debt management, including domestic and external borrowing. Debt instruments, costs, and the measurement of debt stock and burden are outlined. 4) Management of state-owned enterprises and other public shares. Reasons for their establishment and oversight in Turkey are summarized.

Chapter 14 PowerpointMalcolm Harrison

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This chapter discusses deficit spending and the public debt. It begins with an introduction stating that in recent years, federal government expenditures have exceeded receipts, requiring borrowing of over $1 trillion per year. The chapter will contemplate the implications of this federal borrowing. It then lists learning objectives, including explaining how deficits occur and evaluating when public debt could burden future generations. The chapter outline and a discussion of rising deficits and debts in the US follow.

public debtShoaibRaza555

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This document provides an overview of public finance in Pakistan. It discusses key topics such as the public finance cycle, formulation of fiscal policy, generation of revenue through taxes and other sources, expenditure through the national budget, public borrowings, and accountability. The document outlines the major components of the public finance system and how money flows into and out of the government.

Public debt managementBilal Qasim

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This document provides information about Bilal Qasim Mohammed including his education credentials and work experience. It lists his degrees which include a BSc in Economics, an MSc in Economics with a focus on monetary policy, and professional certificates in public debt management and project management. It also outlines the various jobs he has held over the years including working with NGOs, a university, UNICEF, and currently with the Central Bank of Iraq. The rest of the document appears to cover topics related to fiscal policy, public debt, and debt management.

Deficit financing is bad economics but good politicsGaurav Sinha

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The document discusses deficit financing, which occurs when a government's expenditures exceed its revenues and the difference is covered by borrowing. Deficit financing is often used during wars, economic depressions, and periods of economic development to stimulate the economy. However, deficit financing also carries risks like higher interest payments, inflation, and limitations on using debt for productive investments. The document advocates for prudent fiscal management to reduce deficits and cut non-essential spending in order to address financial crises.

Public expenditureEH Shimul

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Public expenditure refers to spending by central, state, and local governments. It can be classified in several ways: by function (defense, welfare); as revenue/capital; transfer/non-transfer; and productive/unproductive. Transfer expenditures like pensions provide benefits without returns, while non-transfer expenditures like infrastructure create outputs. Factors driving higher public spending include increased population and government functions, rising prices and costs, greater national wealth and tax revenue, and expanded social and development programs.

Gruber4e ch01Sophak Han

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The document discusses the importance of studying public finance. It begins by outlining the four key questions of public finance: when should government intervene, how might it intervene, what are the effects of interventions, and why do governments choose certain policies. It then provides facts about the significant role of government in the US and worldwide economies through spending, taxation, regulation and provision of services. Specifically, it notes that government spending represents a large portion of GDP and has shifted over time toward social insurance programs like health.

Fiscal Imbalance and Deficit Financinghjalan30

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Final fiscal sustainability up_mla_gil_brbulalakaw

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The document discusses fiscal sustainability in the Philippines. It covers theoretical considerations of fiscal sustainability, a 2006 analysis of the Philippines' fiscal sustainability, the country's medium-term fiscal program from 2011-2016, and measures to support fiscal programs. These include tax administration reforms, policy reforms like sin tax reform, and administrative measures to improve revenue collection and deficit reduction.

Quiz public financeHeena.Kothari

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This document contains a 20 question multiple choice quiz on concepts in public finance and economics. The questions cover topics such as the definitions and scopes of public finance and economics, sources of public debt, effects of public expenditure, components of public finance, characteristics of business cycles, types of public facilities, modern terms for public finance, influences of fiscal policy, and differences between public and private finance. The correct answers to each multiple choice question are also provided.

Public financeNithin Kumar

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This document provides an introduction to the topic of public finance. It defines public finance as the study of government income and expenditure. Some key points: - Public finance deals with the revenue and spending of public authorities like governments. It studies sources of public revenue like taxes and non-tax sources. - Public revenue can be classified into tax revenue (direct and indirect taxes) and non-tax revenue (administrative revenue from fees/fines, commercial revenue from public enterprises, and other sources like borrowing). - Public expenditure refers to spending by governments to perform functions like defense, infrastructure. Objectives include economic stability and development. - Other components of public finance discussed are public debt, financial administration of

Debt ManagementKiran Babu

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The document discusses various aspects of public debt management. It defines public debt as debt borrowed by the government from the public through various methods. It notes that the Reserve Bank of India formed an internal debt management cell in 1992. Public debt management involves decisions around the form, maturity, and ownership of new and existing debt instruments. The objective is to achieve fiscal and monetary policy goals like inflation control while minimizing interest costs and maintaining investor satisfaction. It discusses different types of public debt instruments and the objectives and principles of effective public debt management.

Public economics unit 3 public expenditure and public debtNishali Balasingh

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This document provides an overview of public economics, specifically public expenditure and public debt. It defines key terms like public expenditure, importance and objectives of public expenditure, classification of public expenditure, reasons for its growth, canons of public expenditure, and hypotheses about its growth like Wagner's law. It also defines public debt, causes and classification of debt, debt burden and its measurement. It concludes with discussing redemption of public debt.

Chapter 9- public finance for BBAginish9841502661

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The document discusses public finance and government budgeting. It provides definitions and concepts of public finance, including that it is the study of government income and expenditure. It describes the key components and constituents of public finance, including public expenditure, revenue, debt, and financial administration. It also discusses the role of fiscal policy and government in areas like economic stabilization and growth. It outlines the budgeting process and principles, instruments and types of fiscal policy like discretionary vs automatic stabilizers. Finally, it covers taxation policy, the characteristics of a good tax system per Adam Smith, and the main types of taxes.

Public debt DAVIS THOMAS

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Debt management refers to the formation and implementation of policies related to public debt. The objectives of public debt management include supporting economic policy goals during times of inflation and deflation, providing funds during emergencies, being beneficial for government activities, and not adversely impacting the economic condition of the country. Principles of effective debt management include extracting funds from the public without coercion, minimizing interest costs, satisfying investors, converting short-term debt to long-term debt without economic disruption, coordinating with fiscal and monetary policies, and maintaining proper debt maturity levels and liquidity.

Public finance chapter 7Nayan Vaghela

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Sustainability of public debt presentation. (1)Devender Singh Saini

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The document discusses the sustainability of public debt and fiscal deficits in India. It outlines three views on fiscal deficits - the neoclassical view, Keynesian view, and Ricardian equivalence perspective. It also discusses factors that affect debt sustainability like growth rates, interest rates, primary deficits, and financing of deficits. The document emphasizes the need to control deficits and debt to sustainable levels to avoid negative economic impacts and proposes various strategies to reduce fiscal deficits over time like expenditure rationalization and increasing revenues.

Policy lags and crowding outvideoaakash15

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This document discusses policy lags, the crowding-out effect, and how monetary and fiscal policy tools can impact inflation and real output in the short-run. It defines inside lags as the time for policymakers to recognize the need for and implement policy changes, and outside lags as the time for an economy to respond to policy. Crowding-out refers to how increased government borrowing to finance deficits can increase interest rates and crowd-out private borrowing and investment. The document uses aggregate demand and supply models to illustrate these concepts and how monetary policy actions like changing the money supply can lessen or reinforce the crowding-out effect of fiscal policy.

Fiscal policyRahul Agarwal

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Public finance nature and ScopeRajbardhanSingh3

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1. Public finance involves the study of government spending, taxation, and deficits. It examines when and how governments should intervene in markets and the potential outcomes of policy changes. 2. Understanding how government actions affect the economy is important for public finance professionals. Government interventions aim to improve economic efficiency, distribute income, and stabilize macroeconomic conditions. 3. The scope of public finance includes analyzing public revenue, expenditure, debt, financial administration, and economic stabilization policies. It also involves allocating public goods, redistributing income, and reducing economic fluctuations through fiscal policy tools.

Philippine Debt crisisCRYSLER TUMALE

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The document discusses the Philippine debt crisis, including definitions of external, internal, and national debt. It provides background on debt crises in general and risks of debt crises for countries. Specific data is presented on the Philippines' external debt, GDP, GDP growth, government debt as a percentage of GDP, budget deficit, exchange rate between the Philippine peso and US dollar, and how the government pays its external debt obligations. The document estimates that based on the 2015 budget, the Philippines faces an annual deficit of P439.03 billion for debt service payments that could potentially lead to a debt crisis if not addressed.

Public debt management agency....Aakesh Singh

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Fiscal deficit & inflation gaurav tripathi jamia millia islamia, new delhiJamia Millia Islamia, delhi

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I prepared this slide on my research paper 'fiscal deficit and inflation ' on the current economic situation of India. In this data has been collected from economic survey 2011-12 and several other books. This slide has full data how the the central govt. and central bank uses their, fiscal policy and monetary policy respectively Hope, it will provide a good help for students who want to know about these concepts of economics. gaurav tripathi(undergrad econ)>

Public financeDina Songco

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The document discusses several key topics related to public finance: 1) It outlines factors that affect the provision of public goods like the relative costs of private vs public production and people's attitudes toward direct government production. 2) It describes the goals of a free enterprise system like economic freedom and no monopolies. 3) It lists factors that influence government expenditures such as population growth, demands for services, and inflation. 4) The functions of public finance are also summarized like allocation of resources, methods of production, taxation, stabilization, and distribution of income.

Bsc agri 2 pae u-4.2 public financeRai University

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Public finance involves the taxing and spending activities of government. It focuses on the microeconomic functions of government and examines taxes and spending. Government ideology can view the community or individual as most important. In the US, the federal government has more spending flexibility than states. Government spending has increased significantly as a percentage of GDP from 1929 to 2001. Major items of federal spending have shifted from defense to entitlements like Social Security and Medicare. Revenues mainly come from individual income taxes, payroll taxes, and corporate taxes at the federal level and property, sales, and income taxes at the state and local levels.

Public Finance.pptxHimaanHarish

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A monetary policy that lowers interest rates and stimulates borrowing is anBhawnaBhardwaj24

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Fiscal policy deals with government taxation and spending decisions. The major instruments of fiscal policy include the budget, taxation, public expenditure, public revenue, public debt, and fiscal deficit. The objectives of India's fiscal policy are to promote economic growth, reduce income and wealth inequalities, generate employment, ensure price stability, achieve balanced regional development, and increase national income through mobilizing resources, public investments, and subsidies.

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