Fitsum ristu lakew the semantic web
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The document discusses the semantic web, which aims to make web content machine-readable through the use of metadata, XML tags, and ontologies. It explains that the semantic web will bring structure to web page meaning to allow computers to process semantics. Key components that enable the semantic web are RDF, which describes web resources through subject-property-object triples, and ontologies, which formally define relations among terms. The ultimate goal of the semantic web is to help computers comprehend semantic documents to assist the evolution of shared human knowledge.
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Fitsum ristu lakew the semantic web
- 2. The semantic web is a web that is able to describe things in a way that computers can understand. The semantic web is not about links between web pages. The semantic web describes the relationships between things and the properties of things. The Semantic Web proposes to help computers "read" and use the Web. The big idea is pretty simple -- metadata added to Web pages can make the existing World Wide Web machine readable.
- 3. Most of the webs content today is designed for humans to read, not for computer programs to manipulate meaningfully. Computers have no reliable way to process the semantics. The Semantic Web will bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages. The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one. In semantic web information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.
- 4. For the semantic web to function, computers must have access to structured collections of information. Computers must have sets of inference rules that semantic web can use to conduct automated reasoning. Traditional knowledge-representation systems centralized. Challenge of semantic web to provide a language to: *Expresses both data and rules. *Rules to be exported onto the Web.
- 5. Two machine readable tools for semantic web. 1. eXtensible Markup language (XML) *XML is a markup language like hypertext markup language (HTML). *XML complements (but does not replace) HTML by adding tags that describe data. *These tags are invisible to the people who read the document but visible to computers. *Tags are already in use on the Web, and existing bots. *bots that collect data for search engine, can read them.
- 6. 2. Resource Description Framework (RDF) *The RDF (Resource Description Framework) is a language for describing information and resources on the web. *Putting information into RDF files, makes it possible for computer programs ("web spiders") *To search, discover, pick up, collect, analyze and process油information from the web. *The Semantic Web uses RDF to describe web resources. RDF uses triples consist of a subject, property and object. Like the subject, verb and direct object of a sentence. In RDF, a document makes assertions that particular things . Subject and object are each identified by a Universal Resource Identifier (URI), just as used in a link on a Web page. The verbs are also identified by URIs. The Semantic Web will enable machines to COMPREHEND semantic documents and data, not human speech and writings.
- 7. Ontology is a document or file that formally defines the relations among terms. The most typical kind of ontology for the Web has a taxonomy and a set of inference rules. The taxonomy defines classes of objects and relations among them. The meaning of terms or XML codes used on a Web page can be defined by pointers from the page to an ontology. Ontologies can enhance the functioning of the Web in many ways.
- 8. Semantic web gives advantage to enter personal preferences into a computerized agent. An important facet of agents' functioning is the exchange of "proofs" written in the Semantic Web's unifying language. Agents can use digital signatures to verify that the attached information has been provided by a specific trusted source. The Semantic Web is more flexible, the consumer and producer agents can reach a shared understanding by exchanging ontologies. Semantic descriptions of device capabilities and functionality will let us achieve such automation with minimal human intervention. Properly designed, the Semantic Web can assist the evolution of human knowledge as a whole.
- 9. If properly designed, the Semantic Web can assist the evolution of human knowledge as a whole. Human endeavor is caught in an eternal tension between the effectiveness of small groups acting independently and the need to mesh with the wider community. A small group can innovate rapidly and efficiently, but this produces a subculture whose concepts are not understood by others. The Semantic Web, in naming every concept simply by a URI, lets anyone express new concepts that they invent with minimal effort. Its unifying logical language will enable these concepts to be progressively linked into a universal Web. This structure will open up the knowledge and workings of humankind to meaningful analysis by software agents, providing a new class of tools by which we can live, work and learn together.
- 10. If properly designed, the Semantic Web can assist the evolution of human knowledge as a whole. Human endeavor is caught in an eternal tension between the effectiveness of small groups acting independently and the need to mesh with the wider community. A small group can innovate rapidly and efficiently, but this produces a subculture whose concepts are not understood by others. The Semantic Web, in naming every concept simply by a URI, lets anyone express new concepts that they invent with minimal effort. Its unifying logical language will enable these concepts to be progressively linked into a universal Web. This structure will open up the knowledge and workings of humankind to meaningful analysis by software agents, providing a new class of tools by which we can live, work and learn together.