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Fluid flow parameter by VADURLE ROHAN BHARAT

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This document summarizes fluid flow parameters and Bernoulli's theorem. It defines different types of fluid flow such as gravity flow, pressure flow, laminar and turbulent flow. It also describes Reynolds number, which is a ratio that determines flow type. Bernoulli's theorem states that the total energy in a fluid system remains constant, including potential, kinetic and pressure energy. The document provides examples of applications like venturi meters and outlines assumptions of Bernoulli's theorem like steady, incompressible and one-dimensional flow.

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Fluid flow parameters Presented by Vadurle Rohan B. Guides by. Guided By Prof.Khamkar U. B. sir. Prof. Navane V. S. Vishweshwarayya Abhiyantriki Padvika Mahavidyalaya, Almala.
Content Type of flow - Gravity and pressure flow, Laminar- Turbulent - Uniform - Non -Uniform - Steady - Unsteady flow. Reynolds number. Discharge and it's unit , continuity equation of flow. Energy of flowing liquid, potential kinetic and pressure energy. Bernoulli theorem : statement, assumption, Equation and modified Bernoulli's theorem.
Flow= Due to change in energy level from one point to other point the fluid particles moves higher energy level to lower energy level is called as flow. Following are the type of flow Gravity flow Pressure flow Steady flow Unsteady flow Uniform flow Non -uniform flow Laminar flow Turbulent flow
Gravity flow Due to change in atmospheric pressure fluid flow one point to another point such flow is called as gravity flow. Practical Example= 1. Flow through channel 2. Flow through river 3. Irrigation dich Pressure flow Due to external applied force fluid flow from one point to another point such flow is called pressure flow. Example 1. Flow through pipe 2. Flow through pump
Steady flow The fluid characteristics such velocity, density, pressure, temperature is constant with respect to time such flow is called steady flow. Example 1. Flow through long pipe 2. Flow through prismatic channel Unsteady flow The fluid unsteady when the fluid characteristics such as velocity, density, pressure, temperature, is does not constant with respect to time such flow is called unsteady flow. Example Flow through river
Fluid flow parameter by VADURLE ROHAN BHARAT
Laminar flow The flow is said to be laminar the flow fluid particle moves in same straight line path (they will not cross each other). Example 1. flow of blood in small veins 2. Flow of oil in bearing. 3. Flow in porous media. Turbulent flow The flow is said to be turbulent when the fluid particle crosses each other while flowing. Example. 1. Flow through a river or canal 2. Smoke from chimney 3. Smoke from a cigarette.
Reynold's Number It is a ratio of inertia force to the viscous force it is denoted by Re. Reynold's Number=inertia force /viscous force Where, = Mass density V = velocity of flow through pipe 亮 = dynamic viscosity L = length of the pipe Re= Reynold's Number.
Application of Reynold's Number= 1. To identified the type of flow ( laminar and turbulent) determine coefficient of friction. 2. To design the diameter of pipe. 3. Submarine 4. Aeroplanes 5. Incompressible flow through pipe 6. Flow through low speed turbo-machine.
Significance of Reynold's Number 1. If Reynold's Number less than 2000 (Re <2000) flow is laminar flow. 2. If Reynold's Number is greater than 4000 (Re >4000) flow is turbulent flow. 3. If Reynold's Number lies between 2000 to 4000 the flow is transit flow. Discharge It is a rate of flow the volume of liquid passing through given cross section in unit is called as discharge. It is denoted by letter Q its unit is m^3/s Discharge= Volume / Time Discharge= Area Velocity / Time Q=AV /T
Continuity Equation Continuity Equation is based on the principle of conservation of mass . For continuity of in any system of flow the total amount of flow the entering the system must be equal to the total number of fluid living the system. Energy of flowing fluid Following are the type of energy of flowing fluid, 1. Potential energy 2. Kinetic energy 3. Pressure energy 4. Total energy
1. Potential energy The energy possessed by fluid particle by virtue of its position is called as potential energy. Potential energy due to position of liquid to with respect to same arbitrary horizontal datum. # Datum Head or potential Head Potential head or datum head it is the potential energy per unit weight it is denoted by letter Z. 2. Kinetic energy The energy possessed by fluid particle by virtue of its Motion or velocity is called as kinetic energy. #. Kinetic Head Kinetic energy per unit weight is nothing but kinetic head.
3. Pressure energy The energy possessed by fluid particle by virtue of its existing pressure When the liquid is motion it is undergo same pressure this pressure is converted head of liquid. #. Pressure Head Pressure energy per unit weight is nothing but pressure head. 4. Total energy Total energy of a liquid is the sum of potential energy, kinetic energy and pressure energy.
Bernoulli's Theorem It state that in a steady, ideal flow of an incompressible fluid, the sum of pressure energy, kinetic energy and potential energy at any point of the fluid is always constant. Total energy = constant Pressure energy + kinetic energy + potential energy=constant
Bernoulli's Equation Where, P.1 = pressure at section 1 P.2 = pressure at section 2 V.1 = velocity at section 1 V.2 = velocity at section 2 Z.1 = height above datum of section 1 Z.2 = height above datum of section 2.
Assumption made in Bernoulli's Equation 1. The fluid is ideal 2. The flow is steady and continuous . 3. The flow is incompressible. 4. The flow is one-dimensional along steam-line 5. Velocity is uniform over the cross section and is equal to the mean velocity. 6. The gravity force and pressure force are only considered.
Application of Bernoulli's theorem Bernoulli's theorem is wide application of all hydraulic machine. 1. Venturimeter 2. Orifice meter 3. Pilot tube Limitation of Bernoulli's Equation 1. If is applicable to ideal fluid i.e fluid has no viscosity. 2. It is applicable to incompressible fluid flow. 3. It is not applicable for fluid with unsteady. 4. Bernoulli's theorem is derived the under the assumption that there is no loss of energy of the particle while flowing.
Modified Bernoulli's theorem Where, P.1 = pressure at section 1 P.2 = pressure at section 2 V.1 = velocity at section 1 V.2 = velocity at section 2 Z.1 = height above datum of section 1 Z.2 = height above datum of section 2. HL = Head loss Modified Bernoulli's theorem state that continuous flow od fluid the total energy at section two plus losses.
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Fluid flow parameter by VADURLE ROHAN BHARAT

  • 1. Fluid flow parameters Presented by Vadurle Rohan B. Guides by. Guided By Prof.Khamkar U. B. sir. Prof. Navane V. S. Vishweshwarayya Abhiyantriki Padvika Mahavidyalaya, Almala.
  • 2. Content Type of flow - Gravity and pressure flow, Laminar- Turbulent - Uniform - Non -Uniform - Steady - Unsteady flow. Reynolds number. Discharge and it's unit , continuity equation of flow. Energy of flowing liquid, potential kinetic and pressure energy. Bernoulli theorem : statement, assumption, Equation and modified Bernoulli's theorem.
  • 3. Flow= Due to change in energy level from one point to other point the fluid particles moves higher energy level to lower energy level is called as flow. Following are the type of flow Gravity flow Pressure flow Steady flow Unsteady flow Uniform flow Non -uniform flow Laminar flow Turbulent flow
  • 4. Gravity flow Due to change in atmospheric pressure fluid flow one point to another point such flow is called as gravity flow. Practical Example= 1. Flow through channel 2. Flow through river 3. Irrigation dich Pressure flow Due to external applied force fluid flow from one point to another point such flow is called pressure flow. Example 1. Flow through pipe 2. Flow through pump
  • 5. Steady flow The fluid characteristics such velocity, density, pressure, temperature is constant with respect to time such flow is called steady flow. Example 1. Flow through long pipe 2. Flow through prismatic channel Unsteady flow The fluid unsteady when the fluid characteristics such as velocity, density, pressure, temperature, is does not constant with respect to time such flow is called unsteady flow. Example Flow through river
  • 7. Laminar flow The flow is said to be laminar the flow fluid particle moves in same straight line path (they will not cross each other). Example 1. flow of blood in small veins 2. Flow of oil in bearing. 3. Flow in porous media. Turbulent flow The flow is said to be turbulent when the fluid particle crosses each other while flowing. Example. 1. Flow through a river or canal 2. Smoke from chimney 3. Smoke from a cigarette.
  • 8. Reynold's Number It is a ratio of inertia force to the viscous force it is denoted by Re. Reynold's Number=inertia force /viscous force Where, = Mass density V = velocity of flow through pipe 亮 = dynamic viscosity L = length of the pipe Re= Reynold's Number.
  • 9. Application of Reynold's Number= 1. To identified the type of flow ( laminar and turbulent) determine coefficient of friction. 2. To design the diameter of pipe. 3. Submarine 4. Aeroplanes 5. Incompressible flow through pipe 6. Flow through low speed turbo-machine.
  • 10. Significance of Reynold's Number 1. If Reynold's Number less than 2000 (Re <2000) flow is laminar flow. 2. If Reynold's Number is greater than 4000 (Re >4000) flow is turbulent flow. 3. If Reynold's Number lies between 2000 to 4000 the flow is transit flow. Discharge It is a rate of flow the volume of liquid passing through given cross section in unit is called as discharge. It is denoted by letter Q its unit is m^3/s Discharge= Volume / Time Discharge= Area Velocity / Time Q=AV /T
  • 11. Continuity Equation Continuity Equation is based on the principle of conservation of mass . For continuity of in any system of flow the total amount of flow the entering the system must be equal to the total number of fluid living the system. Energy of flowing fluid Following are the type of energy of flowing fluid, 1. Potential energy 2. Kinetic energy 3. Pressure energy 4. Total energy
  • 12. 1. Potential energy The energy possessed by fluid particle by virtue of its position is called as potential energy. Potential energy due to position of liquid to with respect to same arbitrary horizontal datum. # Datum Head or potential Head Potential head or datum head it is the potential energy per unit weight it is denoted by letter Z. 2. Kinetic energy The energy possessed by fluid particle by virtue of its Motion or velocity is called as kinetic energy. #. Kinetic Head Kinetic energy per unit weight is nothing but kinetic head.
  • 13. 3. Pressure energy The energy possessed by fluid particle by virtue of its existing pressure When the liquid is motion it is undergo same pressure this pressure is converted head of liquid. #. Pressure Head Pressure energy per unit weight is nothing but pressure head. 4. Total energy Total energy of a liquid is the sum of potential energy, kinetic energy and pressure energy.
  • 14. Bernoulli's Theorem It state that in a steady, ideal flow of an incompressible fluid, the sum of pressure energy, kinetic energy and potential energy at any point of the fluid is always constant. Total energy = constant Pressure energy + kinetic energy + potential energy=constant
  • 15. Bernoulli's Equation Where, P.1 = pressure at section 1 P.2 = pressure at section 2 V.1 = velocity at section 1 V.2 = velocity at section 2 Z.1 = height above datum of section 1 Z.2 = height above datum of section 2.
  • 16. Assumption made in Bernoulli's Equation 1. The fluid is ideal 2. The flow is steady and continuous . 3. The flow is incompressible. 4. The flow is one-dimensional along steam-line 5. Velocity is uniform over the cross section and is equal to the mean velocity. 6. The gravity force and pressure force are only considered.
  • 17. Application of Bernoulli's theorem Bernoulli's theorem is wide application of all hydraulic machine. 1. Venturimeter 2. Orifice meter 3. Pilot tube Limitation of Bernoulli's Equation 1. If is applicable to ideal fluid i.e fluid has no viscosity. 2. It is applicable to incompressible fluid flow. 3. It is not applicable for fluid with unsteady. 4. Bernoulli's theorem is derived the under the assumption that there is no loss of energy of the particle while flowing.
  • 18. Modified Bernoulli's theorem Where, P.1 = pressure at section 1 P.2 = pressure at section 2 V.1 = velocity at section 1 V.2 = velocity at section 2 Z.1 = height above datum of section 1 Z.2 = height above datum of section 2. HL = Head loss Modified Bernoulli's theorem state that continuous flow od fluid the total energy at section two plus losses.
  • 19. Thank you for a watching